1. A method, comprising:
iterating a junction tree derived from a Bayesian Network (BN) from leaves to a root and storing maximum potentials in a first data structure;
determining a root maximum potential; and
iterating the first data structure starting at a root first index location and retaining selective first index locations from the first data structure that corresponds to selective maximum potentials within a second data structure.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising assembling from the first data structure a most probable explanation from the root to the leaves, in response to the second data structure.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein iterating the BN further includes collecting evidence from the leaves to the root, and identifying the maximum potentials in response to the collected evidence.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein determining further includes determining the root maximum potential based on a given result for a problem being evaluated within the BN.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising representing the first data structure as a multidimensional integer array, wherein each dimension corresponds to random variables.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein iterating the junction tree further includes storing a pointer within the first data structure for each maximum potential, wherein each pointer corresponds to element in a child potential.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein iterating the first data structure further includes accessing the first data structure with the first index locations retained in the second data structure, and obtaining the corresponding pointers to form a most probable explanation from the root to the leaves.
8. A method, comprising:
generating a first data structure housing coordinate pairs for a junction tree, each coordinate pair having a maximum potential and a pointer to a child potential; and
generating a second data structure including mappings to selective coordinate pairs of the first data structure, where the mappings combine to form a most probable explanation (MPE) from a root of the junction tree to the leaves of the junction tree, and the MPE represents decisions made in reaching a result for a problem.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising collecting evidence from leaves of the junction tree to the root, and populating the coordinate pairs of the first data structure by iterating from the leaves to the root for the problem.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising populating the mappings of the second data structure by iterating the first data structure after a root maximum potential is determined for the given problem.
11. The method of claim 8 further comprising creating the mappings as integer values that correspond to locations within the first data structure for the selective coordinate pairs.
12. The method of claim 8 further comprising transmitting the MPE as a technique for reaching the result associated with the problem.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein generating the first data structure further includes creating separate dimensions within the first data structure for each joint probability associated with a set of random variables.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein generating the first and second data structures further includes using integer values for the pairs and the mappings.
15. A system, comprising:
a forward pass module to iterate a junction tree from its leaves to a root and to store maximum potentials in a first data structure and to determine a root maximum potential; and
a backtracking module to iterate the first data structure at a root first index location and to retain selective first index locations from the first data structure within a second data structure, and wherein the selective first index locations correspond to selective maximum potentials within the first data structure.
16. The system of claim 15 further comprising a path-generating module that assembles a most probable explanation (MPE) from the first data structure in response to the second data structure, and wherein the MPE is acquired by backtracking.
17. The system of claim 15 wherein the forward pass module collects evidence for variables of the junction tree and determines the maximum potentials from the collected evidence.
18. The system of claim 15 wherein the forward pass module determines the root maximum potential in response to a result for a given problem.
19. A machine accessible medium having associated data, which when accessed, carries out in a machine the method of:
iterating from leaves of a junction tree to a root and storing maximum potentials in a first data structure;
determining a root maximum potential for a result of a given problem; and
iterating the first data structure to assemble selective maximum potentials for the given problem, wherein the selective maximum potentials are identified in a second data structure as selective index locations into the first data structure.
20. The medium of claim 19 wherein the first and second data structures are integer arrays.
21. The medium of claim 19 wherein the second data structure represents a most probable explanation within the junction tree for the given problem to reach the result.
22. An apparatus in a computer accessible medium comprising:
a first data structure to store maximum potentials for leaves and a root of a junction tree for a given problem; and
a second data structure to house selective locations from the first data structure, wherein the selective locations form a most probable explanation from the first data structure once a root maximum potential for the given problem is determined.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the first and second data structures are integer arrays.
24. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the first data structure is a multidimensional integer array.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound of formula (1-2-A) or (1-3-A)
in which
X represents optionally substituted phenyl or hetaryl,
Y represents hydrogen or alkyl,
Z represents alkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy; or represents optionally substituted phenylalkyloxy, hetarylalkyloxy, or cycloalkyl,
A represents hydrogen; represents optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, polyalkoxyalkyl, or alkylthioalkyl; represents saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted cycloalkyl in which one or more ring atom is optionally replaced by a heteroatom; or represents optionally halogen-, alkyl-, haloalkyl-, alkoxy-, haloalkoxy-, cyano-, or nitro-substituted aryl, arylalkyl, or hetaryl,
B represents hydrogen, alkyl, or alkoxyalkyl, or
A and B together with the carbon atom to which they are attached represent a saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or substituted cycle that optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, and
G represents hydrogen (a) or represents one of the groups
in which
E represents a metal ion equivalent or an ammonium ion,
L represents oxygen or sulphur,
M represents oxygen or sulphur,
R1 represents optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, or polyalkoxyalkyl; represents optionally halogen-, alkyl-, or alkoxy-substituted cycloalkyl that is optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms; or represents optionally substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, hetaryl, phenoxyalkyl, or hetaryloxyalkyl,
R2 represents optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, or polyalkoxyalkyl; or represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl,
R3 represents alkyl, haloalkyl or represents optionally substituted phenyl or benzyl,
R4 and R5 independently of one another represent optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylthio, alkenylthio, or cycloalkylthio; or represent optionally substituted phenyl, benzyl, phenoxy, or phenylthio, and
R6 and R7 independently of one another represent hydrogen; represent optionally halogen-substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, or alkoxyalkyl; represent optionally substituted phenyl; or represent optionally substituted benzyl; or R6 and R7 together with the N atom to which they are attached represent a cycle that is optionally interrupted by oxygen or sulphur.
2. A compound according to claim 1 in which
X represents optionally halogen-, C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, C1-C4-haloalkyl-, C1-C4-haloalkoxy-, nitro-, or cyano-substituted phenyl or 5- or 6-membered hetaryl,
Y represents hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C6-alkyl,
Z represents C1-C6-alkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, or C1-C6-haloalkoxy; represents optionally C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, halogen-, C1-C4-haloalkyl-, C1-C6-haloalkoxy-, cyano-, or nitro-substituted phenyl-C1-C2-alkoxy or hetaryl-C1-C2-alkoxy; or represents optionally C1-C2-alkyl- or halogen-substituted C3-C6-cycloalkyl,
A represents hydrogen; represents optionally fluorine- or chlorine-substituted C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C8-alkenyl, C1-C10-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, poly-C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, or C1-C10-alkylthio-C1-C6-alkyl; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, C1-C6-alkyl-, or C1-C6-alkoxy-substituted C3-C8-cycloalkyl in which one or two ring members that are not directly adjacent are optionally replaced by oxygen andor sulphur; or represents optionally halogen-, C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-haloalkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, C1-C6-haloalkoxy-, cyano-, or nitro-substituted C6- or C10-aryl, hetaryl having 5 or 6 ring atoms, or C6- or C10-aryl-C1-C6-alkyl,
B represents hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl or C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent saturated C3-C10-cycloalkyl or unsaturated C5-C10-cycloalkyl in which one ring member is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur and that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C1-C8-haloalkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-alkylthio, halogen, or phenyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C5-C6-cycloalkyl that is substituted by an alkylenediyl group that optionally contains one or two oxygen andor sulphur atoms that are not directly adjacent or by an alkylene-dioxyl or an alkylenedithioyl group which, together with the carbon atom to which it is attached, forms a further five- to eight-membered ring that is optionally substituted by C1-C4-alkyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C3-C8-cycloalkyl or C5-C8-cycloalkenyl in which two substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached represent optionally C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, or halogen-substituted C2-C6-alkanediyl, C2-C6-alkenediyl, or C4-C6-alkane-dienediyl in which one methylene group is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur, and
G represents hydrogen (a) or represents one of the groups
in which
E represents a metal ion equivalent or an ammonium ion,
L represents oxygen or sulphur,
M represents oxygen or sulphur,
R1 represents optionally halogen-substituted C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkylthio-C1-C8-alkyl, or poly-C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl; or represents optionally halogen-, C1-C6-alkyl-, or C1-C6-alkoxy-substituted C3-C8-cycloalkyl in which one or more ring members that are not directly adjacent are optionally replaced by oxygen andor sulphur; represents optionally halogen-, cyano-, nitro-, C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, C1-C6-haloalkyl-, C1-C6-haloalkoxy-, C1-C6-alkylthio-, or C1-C6-alkylsulphonyl-substituted phenyl; represents optionally halogen-, nitro-, cyano-, C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, C1-C6-haloalkyl-, or C1-C6-haloalkoxy-substituted phenyl-C1-C6-alkyl; represents optionally halogen-, C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C2-haloalkyl-, or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted 5- or 6-membered hetaryl; represents optionally halogen- or C1-C6-alkyl-substituted phenoxy-C1-C6-alkyl; or represents optionally halogen-, amino-, or C1-C6-alkyl-substituted 5- or 6-membered hetaryloxy-C1-C6-alkyl,
R2 represents optionally halogen-substituted C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy-C2-C8-alkyl, or poly-C1-C8-alkoxy-C2-C8-alkyl; represents optionally halogen-, C1-C6-alkyl-, or C1-C6-alkoxy-substituted C3-C8-cycloalkyl in which one ring atom is optionally replaced by oxygen; or represents optionally halogen-, cyano-, nitro-, C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, C1-C6-haloalkyl-, or C1-C6-haloalkoxy-substituted phenyl or benzyl,
R3 represents optionally halogen-substituted C1-C8-alkyl; or represents optionally halogen-, C1-C6-alkyl-, C1-C6-alkoxy-, C1-C4-haloalkyl-, C1-C4-haloalkoxy-, cyano-, or nitro-substituted phenyl or benzyl,
R4 and R5 independently of one another represent optionally halogen-substituted C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-alkylamino, di(C1-C8-alkyl) amino, C1-C8-alkylthio, C2-C8-alkenylthio, or C3-C7-cycloalkyl-thio; or represent optionally halogen-, nitro-, cyano-, C1-C4-alkoxy-, C1-C4-haloalkoxy-, C1-C4-alkylthio-, C1-C4-haloalkylthio-, C1-C4-alkyl-, or C1-C4-haloalkyl-substituted phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio, and
R6 and R7 independently of one another represent hydrogen; represent optionally halogen-substituted C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C3-C8-alkenyl, or C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl; represent optionally halogen-, C1-C8-haloalkyl-, C1-C8-alkyl-, or C1-C8-alkoxy-substituted phenyl; or represent optionally halogen-, C1-C8-alkyl-, C1-C8-haloalkyl-, or C1-C8-alkoxy-substituted benzyl; or R6 and R7 together represent an optionally C1-C4-alkyl-substituted C3-C6-alkylene radical in which one carbon atom is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur.
3. A compound according to claim 1 in which
X represents phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, or thiazolyl, each of which is optionally mono- to trisubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C2-haloalkyl, C1-C2-haloalkoxy, nitro, or cyano,
Y represents hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, or C1-C4-alkyl,
Z represents C1-C4-alkyl, chlorine, bromine, C1-C4-alkoxy, or C1-C4-haloalkoxy; or represents benzyloxy or hetaryloxy having 5 or 6 ring atoms, each of which radicals is optionally mono- or disubstituted by C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C1-C2-haloalkyl, C1-C2-haloalkoxy, cyano, or nitro,
A represents hydrogen; represents optionally fluorine-substituted C1-C10-alkyl, or C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, C1-C4-alkyl-, or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted C3-C7-cycloalkyl in which one ring member is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur; or represents phenyl or phenyl-C1-C2-alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C1-C4-haloalkoxy,
B represents hydrogen or C1-C10-alkyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent saturated C3-C7-cycloalkyl or unsaturated C5-C7-cycloalkyl in which one ring member is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur and that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by C1-C6-alkyl, C5-C8-cycloalkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, fluorine, chlorine, or phenyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C5-C6-cycloalkyl that is substituted by an alkylenediyl group that optionally contains one or two oxygen or sulphur atoms that are not directly adjacent or by an alkylenedioxyl or by an alkylenedithiolyl group which, together with the carbon atom to which it is attached, forms a further five- or six-membered ring that is optionally substituted by C1-C3-alkyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C5-C6-cycloalkyl or C5-C6-cycloalkenyl in which two substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached represent C2-C4-alkanediyl or C2-C4-alkenediyl in which one methylene group is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur, each of which radicals is optionally substituted by C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, fluorine, chlorine, or bromine, or represent butadienediyl, and
G represents hydrogen (a) or represents one of the groups
in which
E represents a metal ion equivalent or an ammonium ion,
L represents oxygen or sulphur,
M represents oxygen or sulphur,
R1 represents optionally fluorine- or chlorine-substituted C1-C16-alkyl, C2-C16-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, or C1-C6-alkylthio-C1-C4-alkyl; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, C1-C5-alkyl-, or C1-C5-alkoxy-substituted C3-C7-cycloalkyl in which one or two ring members that are not directly adjacent are optionally replaced by oxygen andor sulphur; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, cyano-, nitro-, C1-C4-alkyl-, C1-C4-alkoxy-, C1-C3-halo-alkyl-, C1-C3-halo-alkoxy-, C1-C4-alkylthio-, or C1-C4-alkylsulphonyl-substituted phenyl; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, C1-C4-alkyl-, C1-C4-alkoxy-, C1-C3-haloalkyl-, or C1-C3-haloalkoxy-substituted phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl; or represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, C1-C4-alkyl-, trifluoromethyl-, or C1-C2-alkoxy-substituted pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, or thienyl,
R2 represents optionally fluorine-substituted C1-C16-alkyl, C2-C16-alkenyl, or C1-C6-alkoxy-C2-C6-alkyl; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, C1-C4-alkyl-, or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted C3-C7-cycloalkyl; or represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, cyano-, nitro-, C1-C4-alkyl-, C1-C3-alkoxy-, C1-C2-haloalkyl-, or C1-C2-haloalkoxy-substituted phenyl or benzyl,
R3 represents optionally fluorine-substituted C1-C6-alkyl; or represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, C1-C4-alkyl-, C1-C4-alkoxy-, C1-C3-haloalkyl-, C1-C3-haloalkoxy-, cyano-, or nitro-substituted phenyl,
R4 represents C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkylamino, di(C1-C6-alkyl)amino, C1-C6-alkylthio, C3-C4-alkenylthio, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl-thio; or represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, nitro-, cyano-, C1-C3-alkoxy-, C1-C3-haloalkoxy-, C1-C3-alkylthio-, C1-C3-haloalkylthio-, C1-C3-alkyl-, or C1-C3-haloalkyl-substituted phenyl, phenoxy, or phenylthio,
R5 represents C1-C6-alkoxy or C1-C6-alkylthio,
R6 represents C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C3-C6-alkenyl, or C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, C1-C3-haloalkyl-, C1-C4-alkyl-, or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted phenyl; represents optionally fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, C1-C4-alkyl-, C1-C3-haloalkyl-, or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted benzyl, and
R7 represents hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-alkenyl, or
R6 and R7 together represent an optionally methyl- or ethyl-substituted C4-C5-alkylene radical in which one methylene group is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur.
4. A compound according to claim 1 in which
X represents phenyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, cyano, or nitro,
Y represents hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl,
Z represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, chlorine, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, difluoromethoxy, or trifluoroethoxy,
A represents hydrogen; represents optionally fluorine-substituted C1-C8-alkyl, or C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl; represents optionally fluorine-, methyl-, ethyl-, or methoxy-substituted C3-C6-cycloalkyl in which one ring member is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur; or represents phenyl or benzyl, each of which is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, or nitro,
B represents hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent saturated C3-C6-cycloalkyl in which one ring member is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur and that is optionally monosubstituted by methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, fluorine, or chlorine, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C6-cycloalkyl that is substituted by an alkylenedioxyl group that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by methyl or ethyl and which, together with the carbon atom to which it is attached, forms a further five- or six-membered ring, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C5-C6-cycloalkyl or C5-C6-cycloalkenyl in which two substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached represent C2-C4-alkanediyl or C2-C4-alkenediyl in which one methylene group is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur, or represent butadienediyl, and
G represents hydrogen (a) or represents one of the groups
in which
E represents a metal ion equivalent or an ammonium ion,
L represents oxygen or sulphur,
M represents oxygen or sulphur,
R1 represents optionally fluorine- or chlorine-substituted C1-C14-alkyl, C2-C14-alkenyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C2-alkyl, or C1-C4-alkylthio-C1-C2-alkyl; represents C3-C6-cycloalkyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, or ethoxy and in which one or two ring members that are not directly adjacent are optionally replaced by oxygen andor sulphur; represents phenyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, i-propoxy, tert-butoxy, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy; or represents furanyl, thienyl, or pyridyl, each of which is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, or ethyl;
R2 represents C1-C14-alkyl, C2-C14-alkenyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy-C2-C6-alkyl, each of which is optionally mono- to trisubstituted by fluorine; represents C3-C6-cycloalkyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, or methoxy; or represents phenyl or benzyl, each of which is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy,
R3 represents methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl, each of which is optionally mono-to trisubstituted by fluorine; or represents phenyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, or nitro,
R4 represents C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkylamino, di(C1-C4-alkyl) amino, or C1-C4-alkylthio; or represents phenyl, phenoxy, or phenylthio, each of which is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, cyano, C1-C2-alkoxy, C1-C2-fluoroalkoxy, C1-C2-alkylthio, C1-C2-fluoroalkylthio, or C1-C3-alkyl,
R5 represents methoxy, ethoxy, methylthio, or ethylthio,
R6 represents C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C3-C4-alkenyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl; represents phenyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, methyl, or methoxy; represents benzyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, trifluoromethyl, or methoxy, and
R7 represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or allyl, or
R6 and R7 together represent a C5-C6-alkylene radical in which one methylene group is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur.
5. A compound of formula (1-2-A) according to claim 1
in which
X represents phenyl that is optionally mono- or disubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or trifluoromethoxy,
Y represents hydrogen or methyl,
Z represents methyl, ethyl, or propyl, and
A represents hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl,
B represents hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent saturated C5-C6-cycloalkyl in which one ring member is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur and that is optionally monosubstituted by methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, or isobutoxy, or
A, B, and the carbon atom to which they are attached represent C5-C6-cycloalkyl or C5-C6-cycloalkenyl in which two substituents together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached represent butadienyl, and
G represents hydrogen (a) or represents one of the groups
in which
L represents oxygen,
M represents oxygen or sulphur,
R1 represents C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C2-alkyl, or C1-C2-alkylthio-C1-C2-alkyl, each of which is optionally mono- to trisubstituted by fluorine or chlorine; or represents C3-C6-cycloalkyl that is optionally monosubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, or methoxy and in which one ring member is optionally replaced by oxygen or sulphur; represents phenyl which is optionally mono-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, i-propoxy, tert-butoxy, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy; or represents thienyl or pyridyl, each of which is optionally monosubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, or ethyl, and
R2 represents C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy-C2-C3-alkyl, each of which is optionally mono- to trisubstituted by fluorine; represents cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; or represents phenyl or benzyl, each of which is optionally monosubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, cyano, nitro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy.
6. A process for preparing a compound according to claim 1 comprising
(B) for substituted 3-pyrazolyl-4-hydroxy-\u03943-dihydrofuranone derivatives of formula (1-2-A-a)
\u2003in which A, B, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, intramolecularly condensing a carboxylic acid ester of formula (III-A)
in which
A, B, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, and
R8 represents alkyl,
\u2003in the presence of a diluent and in the presence of a base,
(C) for substituted 3-thiazolyl-4-hydroxy-\u03943-dihydrothiophen-2-one derivatives of formula (1-3-A-a)
\u2003in which A, B, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, intramolecularly cyclizing a \u03b2-ketocarboxylic acid ester of formula (IV-A)
in which
A, B, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1,
R8 represents alkyl, and
W1 represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, or alkoxy,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and in the presence of an acid,
(D) for compounds of formula (1-2-A-b) or (1-3-A-b)
\u2003in which A, B, D, R1, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, reacting a compound of formula (1-2-A-a) or (1-3-A-a
(\u03b1) with an acid halide of formula (V)
in which
R1 is as defined in claim 1, and
Hal represents halogen,
\u2003or
(\u03b2) with a carboxylic anhydride of formula (VI)
R1\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014CO\u2014R1\u2003\u2003(VI)
in which
R1 is as defined in claim 1,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and optionally in the presence of an acid binder,
(E) for compounds of formula (1-2-A-c) or (1-3-A-c)
in which
A, B, D, R2, M, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, and
L represents oxygen,
\u2003reacting a compound of formula (1-2-A-a) or (1-3-A-a) with a chloroformic acid ester or chloroformic acid thioester of formula (VII)
R2-M-CO\u2014Cl\u2003\u2003(VII)
in which R2 and M are as defined in claim 1,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and optionally in the presence of an acid binder;
(F) for compounds of formula (1-2-A-c) or (1-3-A-c)
in which
A, B, D, R2, M, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, and
L represents sulphur,
\u2003reacting a compound of formula (1-2-A-a) or (1-3-A-a) with a chloromono-thioformic acid ester or chlorodithioformic acid ester of formula (VIII)
in which R2 and M are as defined in claim 1,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and optionally in the presence of an acid binder;
(G) for compounds of formula (l-2-A-d) or (l-3-A-d)
in which A, B, D, R3, X, Y and Z are as defined in claim 1, reacting a compound of formula (1-2-A-a) or (1-3-A-a) with a sulphonyl chloride of formula (IX)
R3\u2014SO2\u2014Cl\u2003\u2003(IX)
in which R3 is as defined in claim 1,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and optionally in the presence of an acid binder,
(H) for compounds of formula (l-2-A-e) or (l-3-A-e)
\u2003in which A, B, D, L, R4, R5, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, reacting a compound of formula (1-2-A-a) or (1-3-A-a) with a phosphorus compound of formula (X)
in which
L, R4, and R5 are as defined in claim 1, and
Hal represents halogen,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and optionally in the presence of an acid binder,
(I) for compounds of formula (1-2-A-f) or (1-3-A-f)
\u2003in which A, B, D, E, X, Y, and Z are as defined in claim 1, reacting a compound of formula (1-2-A-a) or (1-3-A-a) with a metal compound of formula (XI)
Me(OR10)t\u2003\u2003(XI)
in which
Me represents a mono- or divalent metal,
R10represents hydrogen or alkyl, and
t represents the number 1 or 2, or
\u2003an amine of formula (XII)
in which R10, R11, and R12 independently of one another represent
hydrogen or alkyl,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent, and
(J) for compounds of formula (I-2-A-g) or (I-3-A-g)
\u2003in which A, B, D, L, R6, R7, X, Y and Z are as defined in claim 1, reacting a compound of formula (1-2-A-a) or (1-3-A-a)
(\u03b1) with an isocyanate or isothiocyanate of formula (XIII)
R6-N=C=L\u2003\u2003(XIII)
in which R6 and L are as defined in claim 1,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and optionally in the presence of a catalyst, or
(\u03b2) with a carbamoyl chloride or thiocarbamoyl chloride of formula (XIV)
in which L, R6 and R7 are as defined in claim 1,
\u2003optionally in the presence of a diluent and optionally in the presence of an acid binder.
7. A composition comprising one or more compounds of formula (I) according to claim 1 and one or more extenders andor surfactants.
8. A method for controlling animal pests comprising allowing an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 to act on a pest andor its habitat.
9. A method for controlling unwanted vegetation comprising allowing an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 to act on an unwanted plant andor its habitat.
10. A method for controlling fungi comprising allowing an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 to act on a fungus andor its habitat.
11. A process for preparing a pesticide, microbicide, or herbicide comprising mixing a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 with one or more extenders andor surfactants.