1. A turbine vibrator including:
a housing having a first end and a second end, a generally cylindrical internal surface forming a central chamber, and an inlet port in fluid communication with said central chamber;
a turbine wheel located within said central chamber of said housing, said turbine wheel including a central axis, a shaft having a first end and a second end, said shaft being rotatably connected to said housing for rotation about said central axis, a generally cylindrical wall extending generally concentrically around said central axis and around said shaft, said cylindrical wall forming an internal chamber, said cylindrical wall attached to said shaft for conjoint rotation, an eccentric weight located within said internal chamber and partially filling said internal chamber, and a plurality of teeth extending outwardly from said cylindrical wall;
whereby compressed gas is adapted to enter said central chamber of said housing through said inlet port, said compressed gas causing said turbine wheel to rotate about said central axis with respect to said housing.
2. The turbine vibrator of claim 1 wherein said eccentric weight extends approximately one-hundred eighty degrees around said central axis.
3. The turbine vibrator of claim 1 wherein said eccentric weight extends less than one-hundred eighty degrees around said central axis.
4. The turbine vibrator of claim 1 wherein said eccentric weight includes a first end attached to said shaft and a second end attached to said cylindrical wall.
5. The turbine vibrator of claim 1 wherein said eccentric weight includes a first end wall spaced inwardly from a first edge of said cylindrical wall and a second end wall spaced inwardly from a second edge of said cylindrical wall.
6. The turbine vibrator of claim 1 wherein said turbine wheel includes a rotor extending around the periphery of said cylindrical wall, said rotor including said plurality of teeth.
7. The turbine vibrator of claim 6 wherein said rotor is formed from an elastomeric material.
8. The turbine vibrator of claim 7 wherein said elastomeric material is selected from the group consisting of urethane and rubber.
9. The turbine vibrator of claim 6 wherein said turbine wheel includes a first side wall enclosing a first end of said cylindrical wall and a second side wall enclosing a second end of said cylindrical wall.
10. The turbine vibrator of claim 9 wherein said first and second side walls are formed from an elastomeric material.
11. The turbine vibrator of claim 1 including a first end cap attached to said first end of said housing, said first end cap including one or more first outlet ports in fluid communication with said central chamber.
12. The turbine vibrator of claim 11 including a first cap cover attached to said first end cap, said first cap cover forming an exterior chamber between said first cap cover and said first end cap, said outlet ports of said first end cap being in fluid communication with said exterior chamber, said first cap cover including one or more outlet ports in fluid communication with said exterior chamber, whereby gas flow is adapted to flow from said central chamber through said outlet ports of said end cap into said external chamber of said first cap cover and then to flow outwardly through said outlet ports of said first cap cover.
13. The turbine vibrator of claim 12 wherein said first cap cover is formed from an elastomeric material.
14. The turbine vibrator of claim 12 including a muffler member located in said external chamber.
15. The turbine vibrator of claim 14 wherein said muffler member is formed from a porous foam material.
16. The turbine vibrator of claim 14 wherein said muffler member is formed from a porous polyurethane foam material.
17. The turbine vibrator of claim 11 including a second end cap attached to said second end of housing, said second end cap including one or more outlet ports in fluid communication with said central chamber.
18. The turbine vibrator of claim 17 wherein said first end of said shaft is rotatably supported by said first end cap and said second end of said shaft is rotatably supported by said second end cap.
19. The turbine vibrator of claim 17 including a first cap cover attached to said first end cap and a second cap cover attached to said second end cap, said first cap cover forming a first external chamber with said first end cap, and said second cap cover forming a second external chamber with said second end cap, said first cap cover including one or more outlet ports in fluid communication with said first external chamber, and said second cap cover including one or more outlet ports in fluid communication with said second external chamber.
20. The turbine vibrator of claim 19 including a first muffler member located in said first external chamber and a second muffler member located in said second external chamber.
21. The turbine vibrator of claim 1 wherein said internal chamber formed by said cylindrical wall is partially filled by said eccentric weight and by said shaft, and the remainder of said internal chamber is filled with a material having a lower density than the density of the material forming said eccentric weight.
22. A turbine vibrator including:
a housing having a first end and a second end, a generally cylindrical internal surface forming a central chamber, and an inlet port in fluid communication with said central chamber; and
a rotatable turbine wheel located within said central chamber of said housing, said turbine wheel including a central axis, an eccentric weight, and a generally cylindrical rotor having a plurality of teeth formed from an elastomeric material.
23. The turbine vibrator of claim 22 wherein said elastomeric material is selected from the group consisting of urethane and rubber.
24. The turbine vibrator of claim 22 wherein said teeth include a curved tip.
25. A method of making a turbine vibrator including the steps of:
providing a housing having a generally cylindrical internal surface forming a central chamber, and an inlet in fluid communication with said central chamber;
providing a shaft having a central axis;
attaching an eccentric weight to said shaft;
attaching a generally cylindrical wall to said eccentric weight such that said cylindrical wall is located generally concentrically about said central axis and such that said eccentric weight partially fills a chamber formed within said cylindrical wall;
positioning said shaft, said eccentric weight, and said cylindrical wall within said central chamber of said housing such that said eccentric weight is rotatable about said central axis with respect to said housing.
26. The method of claim 25 including the step of applying a plurality of teeth to an exterior surface of said cylindrical wall.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein said teeth are formed from an elastomeric material.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for producing a 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition, said method comprising:
reacting a 4-halobenzoic acid with about 1 mole to about 4 moles of a halogenating agent per mole of said 4-halobenzoic acid to form a 4-halobenzoyl halide composition;
reacting in the presence of a first catalyst composition, said 4-halobenzoyl halide composition with biphenyl, in a solvent to form a 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)halobenzene composition; and
reacting in the presence of a second catalyst composition and an acid scavenger, said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)halobenzene composition with a 1-aminoanthraquinone, in a reaction medium comprising a dipolar aprotic solvent, to form said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting 4-halobenzoic acid with a halogenating agent to form a 4-halobenzoyl halide composition further is conducted in a solvent comprising aromatic compounds having from about 6 to about 9 carbon atoms, and aliphatic and alicyclic compounds having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said 4-halobenzoic acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 4-bromobenzoic acid, 4-iodobenzoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said halogenating agent comprises a halogen-containing phosphorus compound, a halogen-containing sulfur compound, and a carbonyl halide.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said halogenating agent is selected from the group consisting of PCl3, PCl5, PBr3, POCl3, POBr3, carbonyl chloride, carbonyl bromide, thionyl chloride, thionyl bromide, sulfuryl chloride, and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting 4-halobenzoic acid with a halogenating agent further is conducted in the presence of from about 0.1 parts to about 5 parts per 100 parts by weight of said 4-halobenzoic acid, of a catalyst comprising an amide compound or a urea compound.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said solvent comprises nitroaromatic compounds, nitroaliphatic compounds, and halogen-containing C1-C4 aliphatic compounds.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 4-halobenzoyl halide composition with biphenyl is carried out at from about an ambient temperature to about 200\xb0 C.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 4-halobenzoyl halide composition with biphenyl is carried out at from about 50\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 4-halobenzoyl halide composition with biphenyl is carried out for a duration from about 1 hours to about 10 hours.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 4-halobenzoyl halide composition with biphenyl is carried out for a duration from about 2 hours to about 8 hours.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said first catalyst composition comprises an inorganic halide having the formula M1Xm, wherein \u201cM1\u201d is at least one element selected from groups 3 to 15 of the Periodic Table; and \u201cm\u201d is an integer having a value from about 2 to about 5.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said first catalyst composition comprises at least one of zinc(II) chloride, aluminum(III) chloride, boron(III) fluoride etherate, and iron(III) chloride.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said first catalyst composition comprises from about 90 moles to about 100 moles per 100 moles of said 4-halobenzoyl chloride.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein said dipolar aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-3-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and sulfolane, and mixtures comprising any of the foregoing solvents.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)halobenzene composition with said 1-aminoanthraquinone is carried out at a temperature of from about 50\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)halobenzene composition with said 1-aminoanthraquinone is carried out at a temperature of from about 100\xb0 C. to about 170\xb0 C.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)halobenzene composition with said 1-aminoanthraquinone is carried out for a period from about 12 hours to about 30 hours.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein reacting said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)halobenzene composition with said 1-aminoanthraquinone is carried out for a period from about 18 hours to about 24 hours.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein said second catalyst composition comprises of copper, CuX, and CuX2, wherein \u201cX\u201d is selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, and a mixture thereof.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein said second catalyst composition comprises copper and CuI.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein said second catalyst composition comprises about 0.05 parts to about 25 parts per 100 parts by weight of 1-aminoanthraquinone.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein said acid scavenger comprises alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates; alkaline earth metal bicarbonates, and alkali metal carboxylates and alkaline earth metal carboxylates having the general formula M(COOR1)n, wherein \u201cM\u201d is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, R1 is a monovalent alkyl group having from about 1 to about 6 carbons, and \u201cn\u201d is selected from 1 and 2.
24. A method for producing a 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition, said method comprising:
reacting one mole of a 4-bromobenzoic acid with about 1.1 moles to about 4 moles of thionyl chloride per mole of 4-bromobenzoic acid to form a 4-bromobenzoyl chloride composition;
reacting in the presence of aluminum chloride, said 4-bromobenzoyl chloride composition with biphenyl in a solvent comprising nitrobenzene, to form a 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)bromobenzene composition; and
reacting in the presence of an acid scavenger comprising potassium carbonate and sodium acetate, and a second catalyst composition comprising about 1 part of copper per part by weight of copper(I) iodide, said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)bromobenzene composition with a 1-aminoanthraquinone in a solvent comprising N,N-dimethylformamide, to form said 1-4-(biphenyl-4-carbonyl)phenylaminoanthraquinone colorant composition.