1. A fixing device comprising:
a nip member having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface;
an endless belt having an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface, the inner peripheral surface being configured to be in sliding contact with the first surface in a sliding direction;
a supporting member having an upstream supporting surface configured to support the nip member, and a downstream supporting surface configured to support the nip member, the downstream supporting surface being disposed downstream of the upstream supporting surface in the sliding direction; and
a rotating body configured to rotate and nip the endless belt in cooperation with the nip member, and configured to constitute a nip region between the endless belt and the rotating body, the rotating body having an axis defining an axial direction, the nip region defining a first imaginary plane, a second imaginary plane, and a third imaginary plane, the first imaginary plane being perpendicular to the sliding direction and containing a center of the nip region in the sliding direction, the second imaginary plane being perpendicular to the axial direction and containing a first end portion of the nip region in the axial direction, the third imaginary plane being perpendicular to the axial direction and containing a second end portion of the nip region opposite to the first end portion in the axial direction,
the first surface being a convex shape protruding toward the rotating body in a first cross-section taken along the first imaginary plane, and being concave shape concaved in a direction opposite to the rotating body in a second cross-section and a third cross-section taken along the second imaginary plane and the third imaginary plane, the first surface having at least a portion forming the convex shape and the concave shape, and the portion being positioned between the upstream supporting surface and the downstream supporting surface in the sliding direction.
2. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the convex shape of the first surface in the first cross-section is provided within a width of a recording sheet; and
wherein the second imaginary plane and the third imaginary plane are positioned within the width of the recording sheet.
3. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the nip region further defines a fourth imaginary plane perpendicular to the axial direction and including a conveyance center line of a recording sheet; and
wherein the second imaginary plane and the third imaginary plane are positioned away from the fourth imaginary plane by a length ranging from 50 mm to 107 mm in the axial direction.
4. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the nip region further defines a fourth imaginary plane perpendicular to the axial direction and including a conveyance center line of a recording sheet; and
wherein the first surface is symmetrical with respect to the fourth imaginary plane within a width of the recording sheet.
5. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein the width of the recording sheet is 176.0 mm.
6. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein the width of the recording sheet is 215.9 mm.
7. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein the width of the recording sheet is 210.0 mm.
8. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the nip member comprises a metal plate, the second surface of the nip member being in conformance with the first surface.
9. The fixing device according to claim 8, wherein the convex shape and the concave shape are formed by press working.
10. The fixing device according to claim 1, further comprising a heater that faces the second surface of the nip member and is spaced away from the second surface of the nip member.
11. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body is a roller comprising a shaft and an elastic layer formed over the shaft, the roller defining a center axis; and
the fixing device further comprising an urging member that urges the nip member toward the roller in a urging direction;
wherein the concave shape in the second cross-section has a first furthest part furthest from the center axis and aligned with the shaft in the urging direction; and
wherein the concave shape in the third cross-section has a second furthest part furthest from the center axis and aligned with the shaft in the urging direction.
12. The fixing device according to claim 11, wherein the first furthest part is aligned with the center axis in the urging direction; and
wherein the second furthest part is aligned with the center axis in the urging direction.
13. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body is a roller having a first end section, a second end section, and a center section between the first end section and the second end section in the axial direction, the first end section and the second end section being configured to have diameters larger than that of the center section at least during fixing operation.
14. The fixing device according to claim 13, wherein the first end section and the second end section have diameters larger than that of the center section.
15. A fixing device comprising:
a nip member having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface;
an endless belt having an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface, the inner peripheral surface being configured to be in sliding contact with the first surface in a sliding direction;
a supporting member having an upstream supporting surface configured to support the nip member, and a downstream supporting surface configured to support the nip member, the downstream supporting surface being disposed downstream of the upstream supporting surface in the sliding direction; and
a rotating body configured to nip the endless belt in cooperation with the nip member, and configured to constitute a nip region between the endless belt and the rotating body, the rotating body having an axis defining an axial direction, the nip region defining a first imaginary plane and a second imaginary plane, the first imaginary plane being perpendicular to the sliding direction and containing a center of the nip region in the sliding direction, the second imaginary plane being perpendicular to the axial direction and containing a first end portion of the nip region in the axial direction,
the first surface being a convex shape protruding toward the rotating body in a first cross-section taken along the first imaginary plane, and being concave shape concaved in a direction opposite to the rotating body in a second cross-section taken along the second imaginary plan, the first surface having at least a portion forming the convex shape and the concave shape, and the portion being positioned between the upstream supporting surface and the downstream supporting surface in the sliding direction.
16. The fixing device according to claim 15, wherein the convex shape of the first surface in the first cross-section is provided within a width of a recording sheet.
17. The fixing device according to claim 15, wherein a distance between the second imaginary plane and a fourth imaginary plane is from 50 mm to 107 mm, the fourth imaginary plane being perpendicular to the axial direction and passing through a conveyance center line of a recording sheet.
18. The fixing device according to claim 15, wherein the first surface is symmetrical with respect to a fourth imaginary plane within a width of a recording sheet, the fourth imaginary plane being perpendicular to the axial direction and passing through a conveyance center line of a recording sheet, the fourth imaginary plane being perpendicular to the axial direction and passing through the conveyance center line of a recording sheet.
19. The fixing device according to claim 16, wherein the width of the recording sheet is 176.0 mm.
20. The fixing device according to claim 16, wherein the width of the recording sheet is 210.0 mm.
21. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the second surface is convexed toward the rotating body in the first cross-section, and is concaved away from the rotating body in the second cross-section and in the third cross-section.
22. The fixing device according to claim 21, wherein the nip member is made from metal.
23. The fixing device according to claim 15, wherein the second surface is convexed toward the rotating body in the first cross-section, and is concaved away from the rotating body in the second cross-section.
24. The fixing device according to claim 23, wherein the nip member is made from metal.
25. The fixing device according to claim 1, further comprising a heater, the nip member being disposed between the heater and the rotating body.
26. The fixing device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflection plate opposite to the rotating body with respect to the nip member, the reflection plate being configured to reflect radiant heat.
27. The fixing device according to claim 1, further comprising a heater configured to emit radiant heat, the nip member being heated by the radiant heat emitted from the heater.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for reducing auto-correlation and cross-correlation in a CDMA receiver, comprising:
correlating an incoming CDMA signal, located within a scanned signal window, with a locally generated signal on a first data path;
verifying the incoming CDMA signal, located within the scanned signal window, against a lock signal on a second data path;
determining, using the second data path, whether the incoming CDMA signal has at least one characteristic which differentiates the incoming CDMA signal from an auto-correlated or cross-correlated signal; and
continuing to search the scanned signal window for a second incoming CDMA signal if the incoming CDMA signal lacks the at least one characteristic.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data path, the second data path, and the means for continuing to search are located on a single integrated circuit.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the CDMA receiver is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising receiving, substantially in parallel with the incoming CDMA signal, a wireless signal for transmitting and receiving data.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one characteristic is a predetermined signal strength of the incoming CDMA signal.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one characteristic is a predetermined Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the incoming CDMA signal.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one characteristic is selected from a group comprising a correlation to a different satellite code being stronger than the correlation to a desired satellite code, and a correlation to a different delay of the incoming CDMA signal being stronger than the correlation to the first data path’s locally generated code delay.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one characteristic is at least two characteristics selected from a group comprising: a predetermined signal strength of the incoming CDMA signal, a predetermined Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the incoming CDMA signal, and a predetermined amount of data present on the incoming CDMA signal.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first data path is controlled by a first central processing unit (CPU), and the second data path is controlled by a second CPU.
10. A method for reducing auto-correlation and cross-correlation in a GPS receiver co-located with a cellular telephone, comprising:
transmitting and receiving cellular telephone signals using a cellular telephone transceiver;
correlating an incoming GPS signal, located within a scanned signal window, with a locally generated signal, using a first data path;
verifying the incoming GPS signal, located within the scanned signal window, against a lock signal using a second data path, the second data path determining whether the incoming GPS signal has at least one characteristic which differentiates the incoming GPS signal from an auto-correlated signal and a cross-correlated signal;
monitoring the first data path; and
continuing to search the scanned signal window for a second incoming GPS signal when the incoming GPS signal does not contain the at least one characteristic.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one characteristic is a predetermined signal strength of the incoming GPS signal.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one characteristic is a predetermined Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the incoming GPS signal.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one characteristic is selected from a group comprising a correlation to a different satellite code being stronger than the correlation to a desired satellite code, and a correlation to a different delay of the incoming CDMA signal being stronger than the correlation to the first data path’s locally generated code delay.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one characteristic is at least two characteristics selected from a group comprising: a predetermined signal strength of the incoming CDMA signal, a predetermined Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the incoming GPS signal, and a predetermined amount of data present on the incoming GPS signal.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the cellular transceiver and the GPS receiver are located on a single integrated circuit.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one characteristic is a predetermined signal strength of the incoming GPS signal.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one characteristic is a predetermined Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the incoming GPS signal.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one characteristic is selected from a group comprising a correlation to a different satellite code being stronger than the correlation to a desired satellite code, and a correlation to a different delay of the incoming CDMA signal being stronger than the correlation to the first data path’s locally generated code delay.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one characteristic is at least two characteristics selected from a group comprising: a predetermined signal strength of the incoming CDMA signal, a predetermined Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the incoming GPS signal, a correlation to a different satellite code being stronger than the correlation to a desired satellite code, and a correlation to a different delay of the incoming CDMA signal being stronger than the correlation to the first data path’s locally generated code delay.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the cellular telephone transceiver and the GPS receiver share a central processing unit.