1. A method of making a document module, which is performed in a computer system including a computer and a document module database for storing management information on a document module serving as an element constituting a document,
the computer having a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and a first interface coupled to the processor, for coupling the computer to another device,
the document module database having a controller, a storage medium coupled to the controller, and a second interface for coupling the document module database to another device,
the memory storing a program for realizing a document module making module for making the document module,
the document module making module including an analysis module for extracting, from a document file including strings, a subject document which is information on the strings, and a similarity calculation module for calculating a similarity in an arrangement of characters between the strings,
the method including:
a first step of receiving, by the document module making module, a plurality of the document files;
a second step of extracting, by the document module making module, the subject document from each of the plurality of the document files by analyzing the each of the plurality of the document files, and storing a plurality of the extracted subject documents in the document module database;
a third step of reading, by the document module making module, the plurality of the subject documents from the document module database, comparing the plurality of the read subject documents with each other to calculate the similarity in the arrangement of the characters of the strings between the plurality of the read subject documents, and extracting first similar strings based on the calculated similarity;
a fourth step of constituting, by the document module making module, a group for each correspondence in the first similar strings between the plurality of the subject documents; and
a fifth step of registering, by the document module making module, for each group, each of the first similar strings as the document module to the document module database.
2. The method of making a document module according to claim 1, further including:
a sixth step of comparing the strings in the plurality of the subject documents with each other to calculate the similarity in the arrangement of the characters of the strings, and extracting second similar strings based on the calculated similarity;
a seventh step of extracting a table-of-contents portion, which is a string portion characterizing the plurality of the subject documents, based on a distribution in position of the extracted second similar strings;
an eighth step of selecting, for each group, one of the document modules included in the group, and searching the selected one of the document modules for an item string, which is one of the second similar strings included in the table-of-contents portion;
a ninth step of determining the retrieved item string as a group name of the group; and
a tenth step of registering the group name and the document module associated with each other to the document module database.
3. The method of making a document module according to claim 2,
wherein the eighth step includes:
searching a string portion at a start of the selected one of the document modules for the item string; and
changing start positions of all of the document modules included in the group to positions of a start character of the retrieved item string, and
wherein the ninth step includes determining the retrieved item string as the group name.
4. The method of making a document module according to claim 3, further including:
an eleventh step of searching, after the ninth step is carried out, a string portion at an end of the selected one of the document modules for the item string; and
a twelfth step of subsequently changing end positions of the all of the document modules included in the group to positions of a character in front of a start character of the retrieved item string.
5. The method of making a document module according to claim 4,
wherein the computer system further includes a storage device for storing a dictionary, and
wherein the computer is capable of making access to the storage device, and
wherein the method further includes:
referring, after the twelfth step is carried out, to the dictionary to identify a meaning of each of the item strings, and identifying a correspondence between the item strings based on the identified meaning of the each of the item strings; and
subsequently unifying the item strings based on the identified correspondence.
6. The method of making a document module according to claim 4, further including:
comparing, after the twelfth step is carried out, the document modules included in the group to extract at least one different string portion; and
subsequently registering each of the at least one different string portion as a replaceable string to the document module database.
7. The method of making a document module according to claim 4,
wherein the computer system further comprises an inputoutput device for one of inputting information to the computer, and displaying a result of processing carried out by the computer, and
wherein the method further includes:
outputting, after the twelfth step is carried out, display information, which is used for editing the document module to be stored in the document module database, to the inputoutput device; and
subsequently changing a registered content of the document module to be stored in the document module database based on editing information input from the inputoutput device.
8. A computer system, comprising:
a computer; and
a document module database for storing management information on a document module serving as an element constituting a document,
the computer having a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and a first interface coupled to the processor, for coupling the computer to another device,
the document module database having a controller, a storage medium coupled to the controller, and a second interface for coupling the document module database to another device,
the computer further having a document module making module for making the document module,
wherein the document module making module is configured to:
receive a plurality of document files;
extract a subject document from each of the plurality of document files by analyzing the each of the plurality of document files, and store a plurality of the extracted subject documents in the document module database;
read the plurality of the subject documents from the document module database, compare the plurality of the read subject documents with each other to calculate a similarity in an arrangement of characters of strings between the plurality of the read subject documents, and extract first similar strings based on the calculated similarity;
constitute a group for each correspondence in the first similar strings between the plurality of the subject documents; and
register, for each group, each of the first similar strings as the document module to the document module database.
9. The computer system according to claim 8, wherein, after constituting the group, the document module making module is further configured to:
compare the strings in the plurality of the subject documents with each other to calculate the similarity in the arrangement of the characters of the strings, and extract second similar strings based on the calculated similarity;
extract a table-of-contents portion, which is a string portion characterizing the plurality of the subject documents, based on a distribution in position of the extracted second similar strings;
select, for each group, one of the document modules included in the group, and search the selected one of the document modules for an item string, which is one of the second similar strings included in the table-of-contents portion;
determine the retrieved item string as a group name of the group; and
register the group name and the document module associated with each other to the document module database.
10. The computer system according to claim 9,
wherein the document module making module is further configured to, in the searching of the selected one of the document modules for the item string, which is the second similar string contained in the table-of-contents portion:
search a string portion at a start of the selected one of the document modules for the item string; and
change starting positions of all of the document modules included in the group to positions of a start character of the retrieved item string, and
wherein the document module making module determines, in the determining as the group name, the retrieved item string as the group name.
11. The computer system according to claim 10, wherein, after determining the retrieved item string as the group name, the document module making module is further configured to:
search a string portion at an end of the selected one of the document modules for the item string; and
change end positions of the all of the document modules included in the group to positions of a character in front of a start character of the retrieved item string.
12. The computer system according to claim 11, further comprising a storage device for storing a dictionary,
wherein the computer is capable of making access to the storage device, and
wherein the document module making module is further configured to:
refer, after changing the end positions of the all of the document modules contained in the group, to the dictionary to identify a meaning of each of the item strings, and identify a correspondence between the item strings based on the identified meaning of the each of the item strings; and
unify the item strings based on the identified correspondence.
13. The computer system according to claim 11, wherein, after changing the end positions of the all of the document modules contained in the group, the document module making module is further configured to:
compare the document modules included in the group to extract at least one different string portion; and
register each of the at least one different string portion as a replaceable string to the document module database.
14. The computer system according to claim 11, further comprising an inputoutput device for one of inputting information to the computer, and displaying a result of processing carried out by the computer,
wherein the document module making module is further configured to:
output, after changing the end positions of the all of the document modules included in the group, display information, which is used for editing the document module to be stored in the document module database, to the inputoutput device; and
change a registered content of the document module to be stored in the document module database based on editing information input from the inputoutput device.
15. The computer system according to claim 9, wherein the document module making module extracts, in the extracting of the table-of-contents portion, a portion in which the second similar strings concentrate at a ratio equal to or more than a predetermined ratio in a predetermined range as the table-of-contents portion.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for preparing a polyamide block copolymer comprising the steps in sequence of:
(a) contacting at least one cyclic amide having a melting point lower than about 260\xb0 C. with either catalyst (A) or catalyst (B),
wherein
catalyst (A) comprises any one or more of the N-heterocyclic carbene-containing compounds described generally by the Formulae I, II and III:
wherein:
R1, R5, R9 and R11 are each independently an adamantyl, alkaryl, or alkyl group;
R2, R3, R6, R7 and R10 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-12 alkyl group;
n=1 or 2;
R4 is the same as R1 when n=1 and is an alkylene group when n=2; and
R8 is the same as R5 when n=1 and is an alkylene group when n=2; and
catalyst (B) is a mixture or an adduct of catalyst (A) and any one or more of the compounds described generally by the Formulae IV, V, VI and VII:
wherein
R12, R13, R14 and R15 are each independently a C1-12 aliphatic hydrocarbyl or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl group; and
R16, R17, R18, R19 and R20 are each independently a C1-12 alkyl group;
(b) heating a cyclic amide with catalyst (A) or (B) at or above the melting point of the cyclic amide for a time sufficient to polymerize the cyclic amide to produce a linear polyamide;
(c) optionally, cooling the product of step b;
(d) contacting a second cyclic monomer with the product of step b or c; and
(e) heating the second monomer with the product of step b or c at or above the melting point of the second monomer for a time sufficient to produce a linear copolymer of a cyclic amide and the second monomer.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein a cyclic amide comprises caprolactam or a cyclic oligomer of nylon 66.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the second monomer comprises a macrocyclic polyester oligomer or a lactone.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the macrocyclic polyester oligomer comprises a macrocyclic polyester oligomer of 1,4-butylene terephthalate; a macrocyclic polyester oligomer of 1,3-propylene terephthalate; a macrocyclic polyester oligomer of ethylene terephthalate; the cyclic ester dimer of terephthalic acid and diethylene glycol; a macrocyclic co-oligoester comprising two or more of the above structural repeat units; or a mixture of any of the foregoing.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the second monomer comprises \u03b5-caprolactone.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the second monomer comprises an epoxide.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the second monomer comprises a macrocyclic oligomer of polycarbonate.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein a cyclic amide is contacted with catalyst (A) or catalyst (B) in the presence of a filler, andor the second monomer is contacted with catalyst (A) or catalyst (B) in the presence of a filler.
9. A polyamide block copolymer having a percent randomization less than about 50%.
10. The polyamide block copolymer of claim 9 wherein the percent randomization is less than about 10%.
11. The polyamide block copolymer of claim 9 which comprises one or more blocks prepared from a macrocyclic polyester oligomer.
12. The polyamide block copolymer of claim 9 which comprises one or more blocks prepared from a lactone.
13. The polyamide block copolymer of claim 9 which comprises one or more blocks prepared from an epoxide.
14. The polyamide block copolymer of claim 9 which comprises one or more blocks prepared from a macrocyclic oligomer of polycarbonate.
15. A composition of matter comprising the polyamide block copolymer of claim 9 and one or more second polymers.
16. The composition of claim 15 fabricated as a molded article.
17. The composition of claim 15 fabricated as a coating on a surface.
18. The composition of claim 15 wherein a second polymer comprises one or more members of the group consisting of a polyamide, a polyester, an epoxide, a poly(methyl methacrylate), a poly(ethyl acrylate), a poly(ethyl methacrylate), a poly(vinyl chloride), a polycarbonate, a polystyrene ionomer, and a homopolymer of the second monomer used to produce the polyamide block copolymer.
19. A method for determining the degree of randomness in a polyesteramide copolymer that comprises a glycol moiety, a diacid moiety, and either a ring-opened lactam or an amino acid, wherein the method comprises:
(a) measuring the NMR spectrum of the copolymer;
(b) determining the observed mole fractions of Triad 1observed and Triad 2observed by integrating the resonances in the spectrum assigned to Triad 1 and Triad 2, where Triad 1 is the glycol moiety followed by the diacid moiety followed by the amine end of the ring-opened lactam or the amine end of the amino acid, and where Triad 2 is the diacid moiety followed by the glycol moiety followed by the acid end of the ring-opened lactam or the acid end of the amino acid;
(c) calculating the mole fractions of Triad 1 and Triad 2 expected for a random copolymer where
Triad random=(mole fraction glycol moiety)(mole fraction diacid moiety)(mole fraction lactam or amino acid)=Triad 2 random;
and
(d) calculating the degree of randomness of the copolymer, expressed as a percent, according to the following ratio
degree
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
of
randomness
=
\u2062
(
Triad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
1
observed
+
Triad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
2
observed
)
(
Triad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
1
random
+
Triad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
2
random
)
20. A method for determining the degree of randomness in a polyesteramide copolymer that comprises a lactone or hydroxyacid and a lactam or amino acid, wherein the method comprises:
(a) measuring the NMR spectrum of the copolymer;
(b) determining the observed mole fractions for Dyad 1observed and Dyad 2observed by integrating the resonances in the spectrum assigned to Dyad 1 and Dyad 2, where Dyad 1=lactone (or hydroxyacid) followed by lactam (or amino acid), and Dyad 2=lactam (or amino acid) followed by lactone (or hydroxyacid);
(c) calculating the mole fractions of Dyad 1 and Dyad 2 expected for a random copolymer where
Dyad 1random=mole fraction lactone (or hydroxyacid)mole fraction lactam (or amino acid)=Dyad 2random;
and
(d) calculating the degree of randomness of the copolymer, expressed as a percent, according to the following ratio
degree
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
of
randomness
=
\u2062
(
Dyad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
1
observed
+
Dyad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
2
observed
)
(
Dyad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
1
random
+
Dyad
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
2
random
)
.