1. An Ethernet backbone network system, comprising:
a chassis gateway for communication of a chassis integrated control system;
a power train gateway for communication of a power train control unit;
a body gateway for communication of a body control module;
a multimedia gateway for communication for a multimedia system;
a first Ethernet communication link for connecting the chassis gateway and the power train gateway to communicate with each other;
a second Ethernet communication link for connecting the chassis gateway and the body gateway to communicate with each other;
a third Ethernet communication link for connecting the body gateway and the multimedia gateway to communicate to each other;
a fourth Ethernet communication link for connecting the multimedia gateway and the power train gateway to communicate with each other;
a fifth Ethernet communication link for connecting the chassis gateway and the multimedia gateway to communicate with each other; and
a sixth Ethernet communication link for connecting the power train gateway and the body gateway to communicate with each other.
2. The Ethernet backbone network system of claim 1, wherein components of the chassis integrated control system, components of the power train control unit, components of the body control module or components of the multimedia system are connected to communicate with each other by a communication protocol selected from the group consisting of: CAN, FlexRay and Most.
3. A method for controlling a fail safe of an Ethernet backbone network system for a vehicle, the method comprising:
building up an Ethernet backbone network by connecting a chassis gateway and a power train gateway through a first Ethernet communication link, connecting the chassis gateway and a body gateway through a second Ethernet communication link, connecting the body gateway and a multimedia gateway through a third Ethernet communication link, connecting the multimedia gateway and the power train gateway through a fourth Ethernet communication link, connecting the chassis gateway and the multimedia gateway through a fifth Ethernet communication link, and connecting the power train gateway and the body gateway through a sixth Ethernet communication link; and
maintaining a communication state by newly setting up another communication link communicable through Ethernet communication, if an error occurs in a corresponding communication link when two gateways among the chassis gateway, the power train gateway, the body gateway and the multimedia gateway communicate with each other through the Ethernet communication.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of maintaining the communication state by newly setting up the communication link communicable through the Ethernet communication includes:
transmitting, by a first gateway which is one selected from the chassis gateway, the power train gateway, the body gateway and the multimedia gateway, a proposal message signal to a second gateway in a communication link error state via third and fourth gateways communicable through the Ethernet communication;
transmitting, by the second gateway in the communication link error state, an agreement message signal to the first gateway via the third and fourth gateways communicable through the Ethernet communication; and
setting up a new communication link, when the first gateway receives the agreement message signal.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the new communication link is specified into several links according to short and long communication routes, and a priority order is provided to the short communication route.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the priority order of the communication route is periodically updated according to information on an available bandwidth, a delay and a link state.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the communication route provided with the priority order is used as routing table information in each gateway.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio, characterized in that the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio comprises:
(a) a low voltage full-bridge or half-bridge DC-AC converter;
(b) a resonant tank;
(c) a high voltage AC-DC rectifier; and
(d) a high voltage controllable switch within the resonant tank, said high voltage controllable switch being operable to interrupt current in the resonant tank by maintaining a high voltage across the switch.
2. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 1, characterized in that the high voltage controllable switch only blocks current in one direction.
3. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 2, characterized in that the high voltage controllable switch is a high voltage switch that has no reverse blocking characteristic.
4. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 2, characterized in that a lossless snubber circuit is introduced to the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio by connecting a diode from either:
(a) a drain of the high voltage switch that is a high voltage MOSFET; or
(b) a collector of the high voltage switch that is an IGBT;
to an output terminal of the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio.
5. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 2, characterized in that the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio incorporates a transformer, said transformer being operable to provide galvanic isolation between input and output.
6. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 5, characterized in that an output rectifier is connected to be operable to provide bi-polar (positive and negative) dc output.
7. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 1, characterized in that a lossless snubber circuit is introduced to the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio by connecting a diode of a terminal of the high voltage controllable switch to an output terminal of the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio, so that one or more voltage spikes are clamped across the high voltage controllable switch.
8. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 1, characterized in that the high voltage controllable switch is operable in synchronism with the low-voltage full-bridge or half-bridge AC-DC converter, and whereby one or more switching events of one or more DC-AC converter switches occur at a zero crossing of currents of the respective one or more DC-AC converter switches.
9. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 8, characterized in that the high voltage controllable switch is operable so that one or more switching events of the high voltage controllable switch occur at a zero crossing of current of the high voltage controllable switch.
10. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 8, characterized in that duration of non-conduction of the high voltage controllable switch is variable to regulate power flow from input to output.
11. A resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio, characterized in that the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio comprises:
(a) a low voltage DC-AC converter;
(b) a resonant tank;
(c) a high voltage AC-DC converter; and
(d) one or more of the following:
(i) a common ground on an input and an output without use of a transformer; and
(ii) a single high voltage controllable switch within the resonant tank.
12. A resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio, characterized in that the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio comprises:
(a) a low voltage DC-AC converter;
(b) a resonant tank;
(c) a high voltage AC-DC converter; and
(d) a high voltage controllable switch within the resonant tank circuit;
wherein the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up radio is operable to provide one or more of the following: (i) a common ground plane for input and output; and (ii) a transformer between input and output.
13. A resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio, characterized in that the resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio comprises:
(a) a low voltage DC-AC converter;
(b) a resonant tank;
(c) a high voltage AC-DC converter;
(d) a high voltage controllable switch within a circuit of the resonant tank; and
(e) a common ground plane for an input and output that does not require use of a transformer.
14. The resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio of claim 13, characterized in that the high voltage controllable switch is operable to interrupt current of the circuit of the resonant tank.
15. A resonant DC-DC converter, characterized in that the resonant DC-DC converter comprises:
(a) a transformerless DC-DC converter circuit being operable to provide high input to output voltage conversion, said transformerless DC-DC converter circuit including:
(i) a full-bridge converter on a low voltage side;
(ii) a half-wave rectifier on a high voltage side; and
(iii) a ground that is common to both input and output.
16. A DC-DC converter with a transformer, characterized in that the DC-DC converter with a transformer comprises:
(a) a resonant tank; and
(b) a high voltage switch being operable within a circuit of the DC-DC converter with a transformer to perform high voltage blocking of resonance by maintaining high voltage across the high voltage switch without reverse blocking.
17. The DC-DC converter of claim 16, further comprising:
(a) a full-bridge converter on a low voltage side; and
(b) an output rectifier on a high voltage side.
18. A resonant DC-DC step-up converter with a transformer that provides bi-polar output, characterized in that the DC-DC step-up converter comprises:
(a) a high voltage winding on the transformer;
(b) two half-wave rectifiers including the following:
(i) a first half-wave rectifier operable to supply current to a positive output voltage terminal; and
(ii) a second half-wave rectifier operable to draw current from a negative output voltage terminal.
19. A method of operating a resonant DC-DC converter for high voltage step-up ratio, the resonant DC-DC converter comprising a high voltage boost LLC circuit, characterized in that the method comprises:
(a) operating the high voltage boost LLC circuit in a region close to a resonant frequency determined by a resonant inductor, magnetizing inductor and a resonant capacitor to achieve a high voltage boost;
(b) utilizing a unipolar or bipolar resonant tank excitation to improve converter efficiency in the high voltage boost circuit; and
(c) automatically balancing voltage on output capacitors in the high voltage boost circuit to yield a high step-up ratio and a balanced bipolar dc output voltage.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising operating the high voltage boost LLC circuit in a boost mode over a full envelope of voltage and load conditions.
21. The method of claim 19, further comprising selecting resonant inductor, magnetizing inductor and resonant capacitor components that yield a voltage gain of at least 1.25 over the entire range of operation.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising selecting resonant inductor, magnetizing inductor and a resonant capacitor components for a Q value that provides the voltage gain of at least 1.25 over the entire range of operation.
23. The method of claim 19, further comprising providing a transformer in an output stage to provide either a net voltage boost for step up or a net voltage buck for step down.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the output voltage is externally regulated.
25. The method of claim 19, further comprising operating at a range of input stage switching frequencies in an LLC circuit whereby a change in input voltage results in a change in load or transferred power, such that a decoupling between the input voltage and load is not required.
26. The method of claim 19, further comprising operating the high voltage boost circuit either in an LHS operation or an RHS operation for applications that require converters with varying input voltage and load.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the applications include solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, permanent magnet wind turbines, electric and hybrid vehicles, electric charging stations, aerospace applications, marine applications, micro-grids, and energy storage systems.
28. The method of claim 19, further comprising externally regulating an output voltage and adjusting either current transfer or power transfer to the externally regulated output utilizing a converter.