What is claimed:
1. A method for routing data for an application over a highest priority, available network selected from a plurality of networks that are assigned application-specific routing priorities, the method comprising:
receiving data of the application;
determining the highest priority network for the application based on the assigned application-specific priorities;
sending the received data over the highest priority network when the highest priority network is available and, when the highest priority network is unavailable, determining a next highest priority network for the application based on the assigned application-specific priorities; and
sending the received data over the next highest priority network when the next highest priority network is available.
2. The method of claim 1, in which each of the plurality of networks is a wireless network.
3. The method of claim 1, in which the determining the highest priority network and the determining the next highest priority network are based upon at least one port number associated with the received data.
4. The method of claim 1, in which the determining the highest priority network and the determining the next highest priority network are based upon at least one IP address associated with the received data.
5. The method of claim 1, in which the determining the highest priority network and the determining the next highest priority network are based upon at least one protocol of the received data.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing a different priority for the highest priority network and the next highest priority network as a rule in a memory.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising applying the rule to a plurality of IP addresses.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising subjecting the received data to the rule and ignoring, based upon a predetermined order for subjecting received data to a plurality of rules, another rule for routing data for the application.
9. A system for routing data for an application over a highest priority, available network selected from a plurality of networks that are assigned application-specific routing priorities, the system comprising:
a mobile router that receives data of the application, the mobile router comprising a port routing table containing information that specifies, based on the assigned application-specific priorities, the highest priority network for the application and a next highest priority network for the application, the mobile router sending the received data over the highest priority network when the highest priority network is available and, when the highest priority network is unavailable, the mobile router sending the received data over the next highest priority network when the next highest priority network is available.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of networks is a wireless network.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein the information is at least one port number associated with the received data.
12. The system of claim 9, wherein the information is at least one IP address associated with the received data.
13. The system of claim 9, wherein the information is at least one protocol of the received data.
14. The system of claim 9, wherein the port routing table contains the information as a rule specifying a different priority for the highest priority network and the next highest priority network.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the rule specifies the priority for the highest priority network and the next highest priority network for a plurality of IP addresses.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the received data is subject to the rule and, based upon a predetermined order for subjecting received data to a plurality of rules, another rule for routing data for the application is ignored.
17. A system for routing data for an application over a highest priority, available network from a plurality of networks that are assigned application-specific routing priorities, the system comprising:
a host network server that receives data of the application, the host network server comprising a port routing table containing information that specifies, based on the assigned application-specific priorities, the highest priority network for the application and a next highest priority network for the application, the host network server sending the received data over the highest priority network when the highest priority network is available and, when the highest priority network is unavailable, the mobile router sending the received data over the next highest priority network when the next highest priority network is available.
18. A computer readable medium storing a computer program that enables the specification of routing behavior for an application over a highest priority, available network from a plurality of networks that are assigned application-specific routing priorities, the medium comprising:
a source code segment that receives data of the application;
a port routing table containing information that specifies, based on the assigned application-specific routing priorities for the application, the highest priority network for the application and a next highest priority network for the application; and
a source code segment that sends the received data over the highest priority network when the highest priority network is available and, when the highest priority network is unavailable, that sends the received data over the next highest priority network when the next highest priority network is available.
19. The medium of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of networks is a wireless network.
20. The medium of claim 18, wherein the port routing table comprises at least one of a port route type indicator field, an IP address field, a netmask field, a protocol type field, a port number field, and a network ID field.
21. The medium of claim 20, wherein the network ID field comprises a designator for each of the plurality of networks and an assigned priority for each of the plurality of networks.
22. The medium of claim 18, wherein the information comprises a rule specifying a different priority for the highest priority network and the next highest priority network.
23. The medium of claim 22, wherein the rule specifies the routing priorities for a plurality of IP addresses.
24. The medium of claim 22, wherein the received data is subject to the rule and, based upon a predetermined order for subjecting received data to a plurality of rules, another rule for routing data for the application is ignored.
25. The medium of claim 18, wherein the information is one of a port number associated with the received data, an IP address associated with the received data and a protocol of the received data.
26. The medium of claim 18, further comprising an availability source code segment that ascertains the availability of the plurality of networks.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for manufacturing highly-ordered nanofibers comprising the steps of:
depositing a plurality of metal nanoparticles through a plurality of nanometer holes of a template onto an electrode covered by the template;
removing the template to expose the metal nanoparticles on the electrode; and
oxidizing the metal nanoparticles to form a plurality of metal oxide nanofibers.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of depositing the metal nanoparticles is selected from the group consisting of electrodeposition, spin-coating, metal oxide chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), electroless deposition. sol-gel, and chemical impregnation combined with heat treatment.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of removing the template is selected from the group consisting of wet etching, plasma etching and heat treatment.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal nanoparticle is a transition metal.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Zr, Zn, and InSn.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is selected from the group consisting of copper foils, nickel foils, and stainless steel coils.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the template is selected from a group consisting of pine tree rings, wood, anodic alumina oxide (AAO), MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve, polycarbonate (PC) and polyester (PE).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the metal oxide nanofiber is controlled by the inner diameter of the hole on the template.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of oxidizing the metal nanoparticle is achieved by placing the electrode attached with the metal nanoparticles into a furnace, supplying oxygen and performing heat treatment at a temperature below the melting point of the metal nanoparticle.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal oxide nanofiber is used as field emission sources.
11. A highly-ordered nanofiber made of a metal oxide, which is formed through a method comprising the steps of:
depositing a plurality of metal nanoparticles through a plurality of nanometer holes of a template onto an electrode covered by the template;
removing the template to expose the metal nanoparticles on the electrode; and
oxidizing the metal nanoparticles to form a plurality of highly-ordered metal oxide nanofibers.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method of depositing the metal nanoparticles is selected from the group consisting of electrodeposition, spin-coating, metal oxide chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), electroless deposition, sol-gel, and chemical impregnation combined with heat treatment.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the method of removing the template is selected from the group consisting of wet etching, plasma etching and heat treatment.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the metal nanoparticle is a transition metal.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Zr, Zn, and InSn.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrode is selected from the group consisting of copper foils, nickel foils, and stainless steel coils.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the template is selected from a group consisting of pine tree rings, wood, anodic alumina oxide (AAO)-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve, polycarbonate (PC) and polyester (PE).
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the metal oxide nanofiber is controlled by the inner diameter of the hole on the template.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the method of oxidizing the metal nanoparticle is achieved by placing the electrode attached with the metal nanoparticles into a furnace, supplying oxygen and performing heat treatment at a temperature below the melting point of the metal nanoparticle.
20. The method of claim 11, wherein the metal oxide nanofiber is used as field emission sources.