1. A transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid catalyst comprising a carbon nanotube containing nitrogen (N2) in which transition metal nanoparticles with a uniform size are distributed.
2. The hybrid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst contains about 0.01 atomic-% to about 20 atomic-% of N2.
3. The hybrid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on a surface of the carbon nanotube.
4. The hybrid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal is selected from:
iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and metallic compounds thereof.
5. The hybrid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst improves H2 generation rate.
6. A method for preparing a transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid catalyst containing N2, the method comprising:
adding a transition metal salt to a reductive solvent;
dispersing a carbon nanotube containing N2 in a reductive solvent; and
reducing the transition metal salt in the presence of the carbon nanotube containing N2 to provide the transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid catalyst containing N2.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the transition metal salt includes a metal selected from: Fe, Co, Ni and metallic compounds thereof.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein a salt of the transition metal salt is an acetate salt or chloride salt.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the solvent is a polyol selected from:
ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, 1,2-propanediol, dodecanediol, and combinations thereof.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the carbon nanotube containing N2 is prepared by reacting a hydrocarbon gas with N2 gas through plasma CVD in the presence of metal catalyst.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from: Fe, Co, Ni and metallic compounds thereof.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein a ratio of the hydrocarbon gas to N2 gas used in the reacting is about 1:99 (vv) to about 99:1 (vv).
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the plasma CVD uses microwave, RF power, or DC power as a plasma source.
14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the catalyst containing N2 comprises about 0.01 atomic-% to about 20 atomic-% of N2.
15. The method according to claim 6, wherein the reduction of the transition metal salt is performed by adding a reductive agent to the transition metal salt and heating the mixture, wherein the reductive agent is selected from: sodium hydroxide, sodium tetrahydridoborate (NaBH4), lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), and combinations thereof.
16. The method according to claim 6, further comprising centrifuging the dispersed solution, vacuum drying and heat treating the centrifuged solution after reducing the transition metal salt.
17. A method for generation of hydrogen using a transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid catalyst as set forth in claim 1 as a catalyst.
18. The method according to claim 17, comprising introducing the transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid catalyst to an alkaline NaBH4 solution.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the alkaline NaBH4 solution is prepared by adding NaBH4 to a strong base solution.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein a base of the strong base solution comprises a base selected from: NaOH, LiOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A bladder system for the retention of water or other fire retardant chemical for fighting wild fires or forest fires from an aircraft, the bladder comprising:
a geometrically shaped bladder member having an inner top wall and inner bottom wall and a side wall, outer top wall, and outer bottom wall, there being formed in said inner top wall a connector member for filling said geometrically shaped bladder member with water or a fire retardant chemical and a bleed connector for evacuating air from said geometrically shaped bladder member while said bladder member is being filled through said connector member, said outer top wall, outer bottom wall, and said side wall being formed of a frangible material so as to be burstable or puncturable upon impact when dropped from said aircraft dispersing said water or fire retardant chemicals,
a retainer member comprising a rigid sidewall and bottom wall compatible with a shape of a filled geometrically shaped bladder member, said retainer member receiving and supporting said outer bottom wall and said side wall of said geometrically shaped bladder member until said bladder member is dropped from said aircraft by inverting said retainer member, said retainer member adapted to be retained in said aircraft.
2. The bladder system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said inner top wall and said inner bottom wall are semi-rigid and segmented to aid in the frangibility of the geometrically shaped bladder member and the bursting of same.
3. The bladder system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said frangible material is aluminum foil.
4. The bladder system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said frangible material is plastic.
5. The bladder system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said bladder is cylindrical in shape.