1. A fuel tank safety system comprising:
an ullage cooling assembly coupled in flow communication with a vehicle fuel tank, the fuel tank comprising a fuel region including a quantity of fuel, and an ullage region including a quantity of ullage gas, said ullage cooling assembly comprising:
a compressor configured to extract a quantity of ullage gas from the vehicle fuel tank;
a heat exchanger coupled in flow communication downstream of said compressor, said heat exchanger configured to receive the quantity of ullage gas from the compressor and reduce a temperature of the ullage gas;
a turbine coupled in flow communication downstream of said heat exchanger, said turbine configured to further reduce the temperature of the ullage gas and facilitate channeling the ullage gas to the fuel tank;
a system controller operatively coupled to said ullage cooling assembly, said system controller configured to transmit to said ullage cooling assembly one of a start signal to activate ullage cooling assembly or a stop signal to deactivate ullage cooling assembly.
2. A system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said heat exchanger comprises an inlet configured to extract a quantity of cooling air from a surrounding atmosphere to facilitate reducing the temperature of the ullage gas.
3. A system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a user interface operatively coupled to said system controller, said user interface comprising a switch configured to manually activate and deactivate said ullage cooling assembly.
4. A system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising:
a temperature sensor communicatively coupled to said system controller, said temperature sensor configured for temperature measurement of the ullage region; and
a pressure sensor communicatively coupled to said system controller, said pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure within the fuel tank.
5. A system in accordance with claim 4 further comprising:
a motor operatively coupled to said compressor, said motor configured to drive said compressor; and
a motor controller coupled to said motor and in communication with said system controller, said motor controller configured to operate said motor based on a signal received from said system controller.
6. A system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said system controller comprises a processor programmed to:
receive data from said pressure sensor and said temperature sensor;
determine a safe temperature of the fuel tank based on the pressure within the fuel tank;
compare the temperature of the ullage region and the temperature of the fuel region with a chiller start temperature and a chiller stop temperature;
transmit an activation signal to said motor controller if the temperature of the ullage region is greater than the chiller start temperature; and
transmit a de-activation signal to said motor controller if the temperature of the ullage region is less than or equal to the chiller stop temperature.
7. A system in accordance with claim 6 further comprising an advisory indicator, and wherein said processor is further programmed to transmit an activation signal to said user interface to activate said advisory indicator if the temperature of the ullage region is greater than the safe temperature.
8. A system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising:
a precooler coupled in flow communication with said fuel tank, said precooler configured to receive a flow of reduced temperature ullage gas from said ullage cooling assembly and facilitate reducing a temperature of the quantity of ullage gas extracted by said compressor;
a coalescer coupled in flow communication with said precooler, said coalescer configured to receive a flow of ullage gas including a quantity of condensed fuel vapor from the precooler and facilitate substantially removing the quantity of condensed fuel vapor, producing a quantity of reduced fuel vapor ullage gas; and
a reheater coupled downstream of said coalescer, said reheater configured to increase a temperature of the quantity of reduced fuel vapor ullage gas.
9. A vehicle comprising:
a fuel tank comprising a fuel region including a quantity of fuel, and an ullage region including a quantity of ullage gas; and
a fuel tank safety system operatively coupled to said fuel tank, said fuel tank safety system comprising:
an ullage cooling assembly coupled in flow communication with a vehicle fuel tank, the fuel tank comprising a fuel region including a quantity of fuel, and an ullage region including a quantity of ullage gas, said ullage cooling assembly comprising:
a compressor configured to extract a quantity of ullage gas from the vehicle fuel tank;
a heat exchanger coupled in flow communication downstream of said compressor, said heat exchanger configured to receive the quantity of ullage gas from the compressor and reduce a temperature of the ullage gas;
a turbine coupled in flow communication downstream of said heat exchanger, said turbine configured to further reduce the temperature of the ullage gas and facilitate channeling the ullage gas to the fuel tank;
a system controller operatively coupled to said ullage cooling assembly, said system controller configured to transmit to said ullage cooling assembly one of a start signal to activate ullage cooling assembly or a stop signal to deactivate ullage cooling assembly.
10. A vehicle in accordance with claim 9, wherein the extracted fluid is at least one of a quantity of fuel or a quantity of ullage gas.
11. A vehicle in accordance with claim 10 wherein said heat exchanger comprises an inlet configured to extract a quantity of cooling air from a surrounding atmosphere to facilitate reducing the temperature of the ullage gas.
12. A vehicle in accordance with claim 9 further comprising a user interface operatively coupled to said system controller, said user interface comprising a switch configured to manually activate and deactivate said ullage cooling assembly.
13. A vehicle in accordance with claim 9 further comprising:
a temperature sensor communicatively coupled to said system controller, said temperature sensor configured for temperature measurement of the ullage region; and
a pressure sensor communicatively coupled to said system controller, said pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure within the fuel tank.
14. A system in accordance with claim 13 wherein said system controller comprises a processor programmed to:
receive data from said pressure sensor and said temperature sensor;
determine a safe temperature of the fuel tank based on the pressure within the fuel tank;
compare the temperature of the ullage region and the temperature of the fuel region with a chiller start temperature and a chiller stop temperature;
transmit an activation signal to said motor controller if the temperature of the ullage region is greater than the chiller start temperature or the temperature of the fuel region is greater that the chiller start temperature; and
transmit a de-activation signal to said motor controller if the temperature of the ullage region is less than or equal to the chiller stop temperature.
15. A vehicle in accordance with claim 9 further comprising an advisory indicator, and wherein said processor is further programmed to transmit an activation signal to said user interface to activate said advisory indicator if the temperature of the ullage region is greater than the safe temperature.
16. A vehicle in accordance with claim 9 further comprising:
a precooler coupled in flow communication upstream of said fuel tank, said precooler configured to received a flow of reduced temperature ullage gas from said ullage cooling assembly and facilitates reducing a temperature thereof; and
a reheater coupled within said fuel tank downstream of said precooler, said reheater configured to increase a temperature of a quantity of reduced fuel vapor ullage gas extracted from said precooler.
17. A system in accordance with claim 16 further comprising a coalescer coupled in flow communication with said precooler, said coalescer configured to receive a flow of ullage gas including a quantity of condensed fuel vapor from the precooler and facilitate substantially removing the quantity of condensed fuel vapor, producing a quantity of reduced fuel vapor ullage gas.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for controlling odor which is being emitted by a material which incorporates an odorous substance which comprises the steps of: applying a solution containing an effective amount of Chloramine-T to the material.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the solution further incorporates an effective amount of a wetting agent which essentially does not react with Chloramine-T.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the material is a member selected from the group consisting of paper mill sludge and sewerage treatment sludge.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the material is a Kraft paper mill sludge.
5. The process of claim 2 wherein the material is a Kraft paper mill sludge.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the Chloramine-T is from about .5 to about 10 weight percent.
7. The process of claim 2 wherein the concentration of Chloramine-T is from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent.
8. The process of claim 3 whereas the concentration of Chloramine-T is from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent.
9. The process of claim 2 wherein the wetting agent is a anionic or nonionic wetting agent.
10. The process of claim 5 wherein the wetting agent is a anionic or nonionic wetting agent.
11. The process of claim 7 wherein the wetting agent is AVANEL S-74.
12. The process of claim 5 wherein the wetting agent is a.
13. The process of claim 2 wherein the solution is buffered to a pH of from about 7 to about 10.
14. The process of claim 5 wherein the solution is buffered to a pH of from about 8 to about 9.5.
15. The process of claim 12 wherein the solution is buffered with sodium bicarbonate to a pH of from about 8.5 to about 9.
16. A process for controlling odor being emitted from a Kraft paper mill sludge which comprises applying an aqueous solution which contains 0.75 weight percent of Chloramine-T and 0.50 weight percent of AVANEL S-74 to the sludge wherein the pH of the solution is from about 8.5 to about 9.