What Is claimed Is:
1. A method for measuring scattering parameters of a decide under test (DUT) comprising the steps of:
providing a stochastic modulated signal as a power tone signal;
providing a probe tone signal with a power level substantially less than the power tone signal;
combining the power tone signal and the probe tone signal to provide a composite signal;
providing the composite signal to the DUT and as a first input to a receiver, the receiver having a narrow measurement bandwidth relative to a bandwidth of the power tone signal;
providing a signal from the DUT to a second input of the receiver; and
determining an S-parameter measurement for the DUT using the first and second signals input to the receiver.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the probe tone signal has a power level less than the power tone signal so that the probe tone signal causes no greater than a quasi-linear impact on the gain of the DUT relative to the power tone signal applied to the DUT without the probe tone signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the probe tone signal has a power level less than the power tone signal so that the statistical average of the power measured using the receiver does not substantially change relative from a value when the power tone signal is provided without the probe tone signal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the probe tone signal does not increase power from the DUT more than 0.2 dB relative to power provided when the power tone signal is provided to the DUT withou the probe tone signal.
5 The method of claim 1, wherein the probe tone signal has a power level no greater than 13.3 dB below the power level of the composite signal.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the stoichastic signal is one of a CDMA signal and a WCDMA signal.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the probe tone signal is a continuous wave (CW) sinusoidal signal.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
applying ensemble averaging to the first and second signals input to the receiver to statistically enable the power tone signal to be removed from measurement of the composite signals.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the power tone signal within the receiver range as averaged from sample measurements has substantially a zero mean.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the probe tone signal is provided from a signal source of a vector network analyzer (VNA) and the method further comprises the step of calibrating the VNA.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the power tone signal is coupled with the probe tone signal to form the composite signal using a coupler.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the power tone signal is directly combined with the probe tone signal to form the composite signal using a Wilkinson power combiner.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiver intermediate frequency bandwidth is less than 1 Hz.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of providing the composite signal to the DUT the composite signal is provided to a first port of the DUT, and wherein the step of providing a signal from the DUT comprises receiving a thru signal from a second port of the DUT.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of providing the composite signal to the DUT the composite signal is provided to a first port of the DUT, and wherein the step of providing a signal from the DUT comprises receiving a reflected signal from the first port of the DUT.
16. A method for measuring scattering parameters of a decide under test (DUT) comprising the steps of:
providing a stochastic modulated signal as a power tone signal;
providing a probe tone signal with a frequency range within the power tone signal frequency range;
combining the power tone signal and the probe tone signal to provide a composite signal;
providing the composite signal to the DUT and as a first input to a receiver;
providing a signal from the DUT to a second input of the receiver;
determining an S-parameter measurement for the DUT using the first and second signals input to the receiver.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the receiver has a narrow measurement bandwidth relative to a bandwidth of the power tone signal.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein a power level of the probe tone signal is substantially less than a power level of the power tone signal.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the probe tone signal has a power level less than the power tone signal so that the probe tone signal no greater than a quasi-linear impact on the gain of the DUT relative to the power tone signal applied to the DUT without the probe tone signal.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the probe tone signal has a power level less than the power tone signal so that the statistical average of the power measured using the receiver does not substantially change relative from a value when the power tone signal is provided without the probe tone signal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A detachable foot rest for a motorcycle to detachably connect to a permanently connected foot rest, comprising:
a first mirror side member;
a center member connected to the first mirror side member;
a second mirror side member connected to the center member;
wherein the first mirror side member includes a first depression and the second mirror side member includes a mirror first depression;
wherein the first depression and the mirror first depression cooperate with a leading section of the permanently connected foot rest;
wherein the center member extends beyond the first mirror side member and the second mirror side member.
2. A detachable foot rest for a motorcycle to detachably connect to a permanently connected foot rest as in claim 1, wherein the first mirror side member includes a second depression and the second mirror side member includes a mirrored second depression and the center member includes a third depression.
3. A detachable foot rest for a motorcycle to detachably connect to a permanently connected foot rest as in claim 2, wherein the second depression, the mirror second depression and the third depression are opposed to the first depression and the first mirror depression and engage a trailing section of the permanently connected foot rest.