What is claimed:
1. A module operative to be used on connection with an access control apparatus of the type including a processor, a data collection device, and an access control device, said module comprising:
means for comparing entrance data collected by the data collection device with stored data;
means for operating the access control device in accordance with the result of said means for comparing to grant access in a controlled manner;
means for determining a number of people gaining access; and
means for taking predetermined action when the number of people gaining access does not correspond to the entrance data.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for producing graphene, comprising:
(a) obtaining alkaline metals or alkaline metal ions, or alkaline earth metals or alkaline earth metal ions, from alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts;
(b) forming a graphite intercalation compound using the alkaline metals or alkaline metal ions, or the alkaline earth metals or alkaline earth metal ions; and
(c) dispersing the graphite intercalation compound so as to obtain graphene.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the operations (a) and (b) comprise:
(i) mixing a salt mixture comprising two or more types of salts, wherein at least one of the two or more types of salts comprises alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts, with graphite so as to produce a mixture;
(ii) heating the mixture at an eutectic point of the salt mixture or higher so as to melt the salt mixture; and
(iii) inserting alkaline metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions generated by melting the salt mixture in intercalation of the graphite so as to increase an interval between layers of the graphite and to separate the layers of the graphite from each other.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the operations (a) and (b) comprise:
(i) mixing a salt mixture comprising two or more types of salts, wherein at least one of the two or more types of salts comprises alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts, with a solvent and graphite so as to produce a mixture;
(ii) dissolving the salt mixture in the solvent; and
(iii) inserting alkaline metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions generated by dissolving the salt mixture in intercalation of the graphite so as to increase an interval between layers of the graphite and to separate the layers of the graphite from each other.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the operations (a) and (b) comprise:
(i) mixing alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts with a solvent and graphite so as to produce a mixture;
(ii) obtaining alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals through a reaction between the solvent and the alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts; and
(iii) inserting the alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals in intercalation of the graphite so as to increase an interval between layers of the graphite and to separate the layers of the graphite from each other.
5. The method of one of claims 1, further comprising removing a by-product formed in the forming of the graphite intercalation compound.
6. The method of one of claims 2, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran (THF), ammonia, toluene, benzene, dimetyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and dimetylformamide (DMF) to the mixture.
7. The method of one of claims 2, wherein the operations (ii) and (iii) are performed while the mixture is put in a capsulated container and is heated.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the salt mixture comprises salts that do not contain oxygen.
9. The method of one of claims 1, wherein the alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts comprise metal halide.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein the salt mixture is mixed at an eutectic mole ratio.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the salt mixture is produced to have an eutectic point of 500\xb0 C. or less.
12. A method for producing graphene, comprising:
mixing a salt mixture comprising two or more types of salts, wherein at least one of the two or more types of salts comprises alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts, with graphite so as to produce a mixture;
putting the mixture in a capsulated container and heating the mixture so as to dissociate the salt mixture to positive ions and negative ions, reacting mutual negative ions so as to form a by-product and inserting the positive ions in intercalation of the graphite so as to produce a graphite intercalation compound; and
removing the by-product and dispersing the graphite intercalation compound so as to obtain graphene.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts comprise metal halide.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the salt mixture is mixed at an eutectic mole ratio.
15. A method for producing graphene, comprising:
mixing alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts with a solvent and graphite so as to produce a mixture;
putting the mixture in a capsulated container and heating the mixture, reacting the alkaline metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts with the solvent so as to obtain alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals and inserting the alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals in intercalation of the graphite so as to produce a graphite intercalation compound; and
removing the alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals from the graphite intercalation compound so as to obtain graphene.