1. A method for high frequency signal transfer, comprising:
providing a plasmonic signal transfer link including a first plasmonic coupler, a second plasmonic coupler spaced apart from the first plasmonic coupler to form a gap, an insulator layer formed over end portions of the first and second plasmonic couplers and in and over the gap to completely fill a space between the first plasmonic coupler and the second plasmonic coupler, and a graphene plasmonic conductive layer formed over the gap on an exterior surface of the insulator layer of the plasmonic signal transfer link to excite plasmons to provide signal transmission between the first and second plasmonic couplers, wherein a first end of the graphene plasmonic conductive layer overlaps the first plasmonic coupler, and a second end of the graphene plasmonic conductive layer overlaps the second plasmonic coupler;
signaling between a first component coupled to the first plasmonic coupler and a second component coupled to the second plasmonic coupler at a frequency between about 100 GHz and 10 THz, said signaling including plasmons launched from the first plasmonic coupler from said first component of an integrated circuit, the plasmons being transmitted across the graphene plasmonic conductive layer to the second plasmonic coupler; and
modulating the signal transmission in the signal transfer link with a gate field provided by at least two gate structures present over the plasmonic conductive layer, wherein a gate area of a first one of the at least two gate structures is different from a gate area of at least a second one of the at least two gate structures, and wherein a difference in the gate areas in said at least two gate structures produces a multi-level phase modulation.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second plasmonic couplers include nano-antennae.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the link includes a communication link between at least two components on an integrated circuit chip.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the link includes a communication link between at least two integrated circuit chips.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising adjusting impedance for signal transfer by employing at least one impedance transformation component.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the link is flexible.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the link is visibly transparent.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic conductive layer includes a metal grating.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising modulating signals over the link by sizing gates over the plasmonic conductive layer.
10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least two gate structures are serially cascaded and have a decreasing width.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said decreasing width is by a multiple of approximately 2.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A direct-current motor, comprising:
a plurality of magnetic poles arranged in a circumferential direction;
an armature core including a plurality of teeth arranged in the circumferential direction, the teeth extending in a radial pattern, distal ends of the teeth face the magnetic poles in a radial direction;
plurality of armature coils wound around the teeth;
a commutator, which is rotatable integrally with the armature core, the commutator including a plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction; and
plurality of power supply brushes pressed against the segments,
wherein the armature coils include a plurality of inner layer coils and a plurality of outer layer coils, each of the inner layer coils being wound around radially proximal end portions of two circumferentially adjacent teeth or a radially proximal end portion of one of the teeth, the inner layer coils being arranged in the circumferential direction without overlapping each other in the radial direction, each of the outer layer coils being wound around radially distal end portions of two circumferentially adjacent teeth by distributed winding, the outer layer coils being arranged radially outward of the inner layer coils and arranged in the circumferential direction without overlapping each other in the radial direction, and the circumferential centers of the inner layer coils and the circumferential centers of the outer layer coils are displaced in the circumferential direction, wherein each of the teeth includes an inner winding portion formed at the radially proximal end portion, and a first branched tooth portion and a second branched tooth portion, which extend from the radially distal end of the inner winding portion to separate from each other in the circumferential direction,
wherein each of the inner layer coils is wound around the inner winding portion of one of the teeth by concentrated winding, and
wherein each of the outer layer coils is wound around the first branched tooth portion of one of two circumferentially adjacent teeth and the second branched tooth portion of the other one of the teeth that is circumferentially adjacent to the first branched tooth portion,
wherein the number of segments is equal to the sum of the number of the first branched tooth portions and the number of the second branched tooth portions.
2. The motor according to claim 1, wherein one end of one of the inner layer coils and one end of one of the outer layer coils are connected to each of the segments.
3. The motor according to claim 1, wherein, when segments the number of which is n (n is an even number greater than or equal to two) among the segments are referred to a first segment group, half the segments among the segments other than the first segment group are referred to as a second segment group, and the segments other than the first and second segment groups are referred to as a third segment group, one end of one of the inner layer coils and one end of one of the outer layer coils are connected to each of the segments of the first segment group, one end of each of two inner layer coils is connected to each of the segments of the second segment group, and one end of each of two outer layer coils is connected to each of the segments of the third segment group.
4. The motor according to claim 3, further comprising a short-circuit line, which short-circuits segments the number of which is (P2) located at an interval of (360(P2))\xb0,
wherein P is the number of the magnetic poles and is an even number, and
wherein the number of the segments forming the first segment group is two.
5. The motor according claim 1, further comprising it short-circuit line, which short-circuits segments the number of which is two located an interval of 180\xb0,
wherein the number of the magnetic poles is four,
wherein the number N of the teeth is six,
wherein the number S of the segments is twelve, and
wherein one end of one of the inner layer coils and one and of one of the outer layer coils are connected to each of segments the number of which is equal to the number of the teeth and that are arranged at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction.
6. The motor according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic path cross-sectional area at each of the inner winding portions is greater than twice the magnetic path cross-sectional area at each of the branched tooth portions.
7. The motor according to claim 1,
wherein the number of turns of the inner layer cols is greater than the number of turns of the outer layer coils.
8. The motor according to claim 1,
wherein the wire diameter of a conducting wire forming the outer layer coils is greater than the wire diameter of a conducting wire forming the inner layer coils.
9. The motor according to claim 1,
wherein the number of turns of the inner layer coils is greater than the number of turns of the outer layer coils, and
wherein the wire diameter of a conducting wire forming the outer layer coils is greater than the wire diameter of a conducting wire forming the inner layer coils.
10. The motor according to claim 1,
wherein a resistance value of the inner layer coils is equal to a resistance value of the outer layer coils.
11. The motor according to claim 1,
wherein the armature core includes inner slots each located between circumferentially adjacent inner winding portions, and outer slots each located between first and second branched tooth portions around Which each of the outer layer coils is wound, and the radial length of the inner slots is greater than the radial length of the outer slots.
12. The direct-current motor according to claim 1,
wherein the number of the segments is an integral multiple of the number of the magnetic poles,
wherein the armature core includes inner slots each located between circumferentially adjacent inner winding portions, and outer slots each located between first and second branched tooth portions around which each of the outer layer coils is wound,
wherein the armature core includes inner slots each located between circumferentially adjacent inner winding portions, and outer slots each located between first and second branched tooth portions around which each of the outer layer coils is wound,
wherein the number of the inner slots is equal to the number of the outer slots,
wherein the sum of the number of the inner slots and the number of the outer slots is equal to the number of the segments,
wherein the power supply brushes include a positive brush and a negative brush, the positive brush and the negative brush being displaced in opposite directions to each other along the circumferential direction from the positions on magnetic pole center lines extending through the circumferential center of the magnetic poles, and
wherein rectification is performed alternately in the positive brush and the negative brush as the armature core rotates.
13. The direct-current motor according to claim 12,
wherein the positive brush and the negative brush respectively include sliding portions, which slide along the segments, and
wherein the direct-current motor, further includes a high-resistance brush having a resistance greater than those of the positive brush and the negative, brush, the high-resistance brush being arranged circumferentially adjacent to the sliding portion of the corresponding one of the positive brush and the negative brush, and the high-resistance brush is displaced in the opposite direction to the direction in which the corresponding one of the positive brush and the negative brush is displaced from the position on the magnetic pole center line.
14. A method for manufacturing the direct-current motor according to claim 1, the method comprising:
preparing a plurality of winding jigs, which supply conducting wires for foaming coils, wherein the number of the winding jigs is equal to the number of the teeth;
forming the inner layer coils by simultaneously winding the conducting wires around the corresponding inner winding portions by concentrated winding using the winding jigs; and
forming the outer layer coils by simultaneously winding the conducting wires using the winding jigs, each conducting wire being wound around the first branched tooth portion of one of two circumferentially adjacent teeth and the second branched tooth portion of the other one of the teeth that is circumferentially adjacent to the one of the teeth by distributed winding.
15. The method according t claim 14,
wherein said forming the inner layer coils includes rotating the winding jigs in a state where the winding jigs are displaced from each other by (360the number of the teeth)\xb0 about the rotational center of the winding jigs with respect to the corresponding inner winding portions, thereby winding the conducting wires around the corresponding inner winding portions; and
wherein said forming the outer layer coils includes rotating the winding jigs in a state where the winding jigs are displaced from each other by (360the number of the teeth)\xb0 about the rotational center of the winding jigs with respect to the corresponding first and second branched tooth portions, thereby winding the conducting wires around the corresponding first and second branched tooth portions.
16. The method according, to claim 14, further comprising forming a short-circuit line by extending the conducting, wire between the segments to be short-circuited using at least one of the winding jigs after at least one of said forming the inner layer coils and said forming the outer layer coils.
17. The method according to claim 16,
wherein, in said forming the inner layer coils, the winding jigs connect the winding finish ends of the inner layer coils to the segments different from one another after forming the corresponding inner layer coils,
wherein, in said forming the outer layer coils, the winding jigs connect the winding finish ends of the outer layer coils to the segments different from one another after forming the corresponding outer layer coils, and
wherein, in said forming the short-circuit line, among the winding finish ends of the inner layer coils and the outer layer coils connected to the segments, half the winding finish ends are cut away, and wherein the short-circuit line is continuously formed by the conducting wire extending from each of the other half of the winding finish ends that are not cut away such that the segments that are to be short-circuited are electrically connected by the short-circuit line.