1. An apparatus for cutting an article, comprising:
a cutting head adapted for rotation about an axis, said cutting head including at least one set of elongate cutting knives having respective linear cutting edges; and
at least two coaxially disposed flat circular disk-saws, each disk-saw having respective pluralities of cutting teeth, said disk-saws attached to said cutting head and defining respective distinct outer cutting diameters, each of said cutting teeth having two cutting edges, one of said cutting edges being oriented parallel to said axis and the other of said cutting edges being oriented perpendicular to said axis, for producing, as a result of said rotation, both slicing and facing cuts in the article.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first one of said disk-saws defines an annular ring having an inner diameter, the outer cutting diameter of said first disk-saw being greater than the outer cutting diameter of a second one of said disk-saws, the outer cutting diameter of said second disk-saw being less than the inner diameter of said first disk-saw for nesting said second disk-saw inside said first disk-saw.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said disk-saws are axially adjustably spaced relative to one another.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising at least one control plate interdisposed between at least one of said disk-saws said cutting head, for axially positioning said at least one disk-saw with respect to said cutting head.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising at least two control plates, at least one control plate being interdisposed between a first said disk-saw and said cutting head, and at least one control plate being interdisposed between the first said disk-saw and a second said disk-saw.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a first one of said disk-saws defines an annular ring having an inner diameter, the outer cutting diameter of said first disk-saw being greater than the outer cutting diameter of a second one of said disk-saws, the outer cutting diameter of said second disk-saw being less than the inner diameter of said first disk-saw for nesting said second disk-saw inside said first disk-saw.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the inner diameter of said first disk-saw, said second disk-saw and said cutting head define a space therebetween, and wherein said cutting head is relieved behind at least said cutting teeth of said second disk-saw to permit sawdust that migrates past said second disk-saw into the space and out through said cutting head.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising at least two control plates, at least one control plate being interdisposed between a first said disk-saw and said cutting head, and at least one control plate being interdisposed between the first said disk-saw and a second said disk-saw.
9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the inner diameter of said first disk-saw, said second disk-saw and said cutting head define a space therebetween, and wherein said cutting head is relieved behind at least said cutting teeth of said second disk-saw to permit sawdust that migrates past said second disk-saw into the space and out through said cutting head.
10. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a first one of said disk-saws defines an annular ring having an inner diameter, the outer cutting diameter of said first disk-saw being greater than the outer cutting diameter of a second one of said disk-saws, the outer cutting diameter of said second disk-saw being less than the inner diameter of said first disk-saw for nesting said second disk-saw inside said first disk-saw.
11. An apparatus for cutting an article of wood, comprising: a cutting head adapted for rotation about an axis, said cutting head including at least two flat circular disk-saws axially adjustably spaced relative to each other, each disk-saw having respective pluralities of cutting teeth, said disk-saws attached to said cutting head and defining respective distinct outer cutting diameters for producing respective slicing cuts, wherein a first one of said disk-saws defines an annular ring having an inner diameter, the outer cutting diameter of said first disk-saw being greater than the outer cutting diameter of a second one of said disk-saws, the outer cutting diameter of said second disk-saw being less than the inner diameter of said first disk-saw for nesting said second disk-saw inside said first disk-saw.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising at least one control plate interdisposed between at least one of said disk-saws and said cutting head, for axially positioning said at least one disk-saw with respect to said cutting head.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising at least two control plates, at least one control plate being interdisposed between a first said disk-saw and said cutting head, and at least one control plate being interdisposed between the first said disk-saw and a second said disk-saw.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the inner diameter of said first disk-saw, said second disk-saw and said cutting head define a space therebetween, and wherein said cutting head is relieved behind at least said cutting teeth of said second disk-saw to permit sawdust that migrates past said second disk-saw into the space and out through said cutting head.
15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the inner diameter of said first disk-saw, said second disk-saw and said cutting head define a space therebetween, and wherein said cutting head is relieved behind at least said cutting teeth of said second disk-saw to permit sawdust that migrates past said second disk-saw into the space and out through said cutting head.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A water treatment system for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition, the system comprising:
a draw solution tank in which draw solution containing the osmotically active substance is stored;
a first compressor which pressurizes and liquefies the draw solution supplied from the draw solution tank;
a second compressor which pressurizes supplying raw water so as to maintain the same pressure as the draw solution pressurized through the first compressor;
a membrane module where the draw solution liquefied through the first compressor and the supplying raw water pressurized through the second compressor are flowed into a first channel and a second channel, respectively, so that the draw solution and supplying raw water are separated from each other by an internal membrane, wherein a forward osmosis process is performed where a water component of the supplying raw water is permeated into the first channel through the membrane from the second channel and thus the draw solution is diluted;
a first expansion valve which removes the pressure of the draw solution that has been diluted through the membrane module and vaporizes the draw solution; and
a first phase separation unit which separates liquid phase produced water from the draw solution that has been vaporized through the first expansion valve.
2. The water treatment system for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 1, wherein the vaporized draw solution in the first phase separation unit is recovered into the draw solution tank through a first recovery pipe.
3. The water treatment system for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 1, wherein, in the membrane module, the draw solution is diffused reversely to the water-permeation reverse direction through the membrane, and a small amount of the draw solution is lost.
4. The water treatment system for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 3, further comprising: a second expansion valve where the pressure of the draw solution that has been diffused reversely through the membrane module is removed and the draw solution in concentrated water that has been discharged from the membrane module is vaporized.
5. The water treatment system for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition claim 4, further comprising: a second phase separation unit where the draw solution that has been vaporized through the second expansion valve is separated from the concentrated water.
6. The water treatment system for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 5, wherein the draw solution separated through the second phase separation unit is recovered into the draw solution tank through a second recovery pipe.
7. A water treatment method for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition, the method comprising:
(a) pressurizing and liquefying draw solution supplied from a draw solution tank by a first compressor;
(b) pressurizing supplying raw water by a second compressor so as to maintain the same pressure as the draw solution pressurized through the first compressor;
(c) flowing the draw solution liquefied through the first compressor and the supplying raw water pressurized through the second compressor into a first channel and a second channel, in which the draw solution and the supplying raw water are separated from each other by an internal membrane in a membrane module;
(d) performing a forward osmosis process where a water component of the supplying raw water is permeated into the first channel through the membrane from the second channel and the draw solution is diluted;
(e) removing the pressure of the draw solution that has been diluted through the membrane module and vaporizing the draw solution by a first expansion valve; and
(f) separating liquid phase produced water from the draw solution that has been vaporized through the first expansion valve by a first phase separation unit.
8. The water treatment method for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 7, further comprising: (g) recovering, into the draw solution tank, the vaporized draw solution in the first phase separation unit through a first recovery pipe.
9. The water treatment method for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 8, further comprising: (h) removing the pressure of the draw solution that has been diffused reversely to the water-permeation direction through the membrane module and vaporizing the draw solution in concentrated water that has been discharged from the membrane module, by a second expansion valve.
10. The water treatment method for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 9, further comprising: (i) separating the draw solution that has been vaporized through the second expansion valve from the concentrated water by a second phase separation unit.
11. The water treatment method for continuous forward osmosis process using osmotically active compound (OAC) with phase transition of claim 10, further comprising: (j) recovering, into the draw solution tank, the draw solution that has been separated by the second phase separation unit through a second recovery pipe.