1. A substantially dispersion-free optical filter cavity, comprising:
a first multilayer mirror including layers of a less-refractive material and layers of a more-refractive material, the more-refractive material having a higher index of refraction than the less-refractive material, and the layers being successively arranged from an inner layer to an outer layer;
a second multilayer mirror including layers of the less-refractive material and layers of the more-refractive material, and the layers being successively arranged from an inner layer to an outer layer to correspond with the arrangement of layers in the first multilayer mirror; and
spacing between the first and second multilayer mirrors, wherein the first and second multilayer mirrors are configured to define an optical path for light to pass through the spacing when reflected between the mirrors, wherein the thickness of a plurality of the layers in the second multilayer mirror differ from corresponding layers in the first multilayer mirror to provide the cavity with complementary group-delay across the cavity with a phase difference within \xb10.015 rad across a range of wavelengths spanning at least 50 nm, and wherein the spacing comprises a gas atmosphere at a pressure of at least about 1 kPa, and wherein the group-delay dispersion provided by the first and second multilayer mirrors balance the group-delay dispersion provided by the gas to maintain the complementary group-delay dispersion across the cavity.
2. The cavity of claim 1, wherein the cavity has the complementary group-delay dispersion across a range of wavelengths spanning at least 100 nm.
3. The cavity of claim 2, wherein the range of wavelengths spans 480 to 580 nm.
4. The cavity of claim 1, wherein the less-refractive material is SiO2.
5. The cavity of claim 1, wherein the more-refractive material is selected from at least one of Nb2O5, TiO2 and Ta2O5.
6. The cavity of claim 1, wherein the optical path for the light is defined by only two mirrors.
7. The cavity of claim 1, wherein the optical path for the light is defined by at least three multilayer mirrors, wherein the sum of the group-delay dispersion provided by each mirror and the spacing is complementary across the range of wavelengths.
8. The cavity of claim 1, wherein a majority of the layers in each multilayer mirror has a thickness that when multiplied by the layer’s index of refraction is about one quarter of a central wavelength of the range of wavelengths.
9. The cavity of claim 1, wherein one of the first and second multilayer mirrors provides positive dispersion, and the other multilayer mirror provides negative dispersion.
10. The cavity of claim 1, wherein both of the multilayer mirrors provides negative dispersion, and wherein gas in the spacing provides positive dispersion.
11. A method for providing complementary group-delay dispersion in an optical cavity filter comprising:
providing at least a first and second multilayer mirror separated by spacing, each mirror including layers of a less-refractive material and layers of a more-refractive material, the more-refractive material having a higher index of refraction than the less-refractive material, and the layers being successively arranged from an inner layer to an outer layer, wherein the thickness of a plurality of the layers in the second multilayer mirror differ from corresponding layers in the first multilayer mirror to provide the cavity with complementary group-delay dispersion across the cavity with a phase difference within \xb10.015 rad across a range of wavelengths spanning at least 50 nm, and wherein the spacing between the multilayer mirrors is filled with a gas atmosphere at a pressure of at least about 1 kPa;
directing light into the cavity and reflecting the light between the first and second multilayer mirrors with the complementary group-delay dispersion across the range of wavelengths; and
adjusting the gas pressure in the spacing to further reduce the group-delay dispersion across the range of wavelengths.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the light passes between the mirrors with a round-trip time that matches a resonance frequency of the optical cavity filter.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the range of wavelengths includes a first wavelength and a second wavelength, wherein light at the first wavelength penetrates deeper into the first multilayer mirror than does light at the second wavelength, and wherein the light at the second wavelength penetrates deeper into the second multilayer mirror than does the light at the first wavelength.
14. The method of claim 11, further comprising using light from the optical filter cavity in a green astro-comb for astronomical spectrograph calibration.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. The method of dispensing a composition comprising:
grasping a composition dispenser wherein the composition dispenser comprises; a composition housing wherein the composition housing comprises a storage reservoir and a delivery reservoir in fluid communication with one another via at least one fluid transfer opening, wherein the storage reservoir is configured to hold a composition prior to measuring a dose for a person and wherein the delivery reservoir is a chamber where the composition is dosed and delivered; a plunger wherein at least a portion of the plunger is positioned within the delivery reservoir and a lid member with a tip, wherein the lid member is movably coupled to the composition housing such that the tip is aligned with the delivery reservoir and is positionable to selectively close the at least one fluid transfer opening;
positioning the lid member to open the at least one fluid transfer opening;
drawing a portion of the plunger out of the delivery reservoir filling the delivery reservoir with a dose of the composition;
rotating the lid member thereby closing the at least one fluid transfer opening and placing the drawn portion of the plunger in the delivery reservoir, thereby delivering the dose of the composition.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition dispenser further comprises a cap wherein the cap is configured to removeably couple to the lid member.
3. The composition dispenser of claim 2 wherein the cap further comprises a push-activated child safety means.
4. The composition dispenser of claim 2 wherein the lid member further comprises a safety tab and the cap further comprises a tab receiver.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of rotating the cap on the lid member thereby providing a surface engagement between the tab receiver and the safety tab such that the lid member will be rotated to selectively position the at least one protrusion to open or close the at least one fluid transfer opening.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the lid member further comprises at least one protrusion wherein upon rotating the lid member the at least one protrusion is positioned within the at least one fluid transfer opening thereby closing the fluid communication between the delivery reservoir and the storage reservoir.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is selected from a group consisting of medicines, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, shampoo, paint, hair gels, sunscreen, lip balm, lotion, laxatives, micro spheres, nanoparticles, condiments, body washes, creams, ointments, cosmetics.
8. A composition dispenser comprising:
a medicine housing wherein the medicine housing comprises a storage reservoir and a delivery reservoir in fluid communication with one another via at least one fluid transfer opening, wherein the storage reservoir is configured to hold a medicine prior to measuring a dose for a person in need thereof and wherein the delivery reservoir is a chamber where a medicine is dosed and delivered;
a plunger wherein at least a portion of the plunger is positioned within the delivery reservoir and
a lid member wherein the lid member is movably coupled to the medicine housing such that the tip is aligned with the delivery reservoir and positionable to selectively close the at least one fluid transfer opening.
9. The composition dispenser of claim 8 further comprising a cap wherein the cap is configured to removeably couple to the lid member.
10. The composition dispenser of claim 9 wherein the cap further comprises a child safety means.
11. The composition dispenser of claim 9 wherein the lid member further comprises a safety tab and the cap further comprises a tab receiver wherein the cap being rotated on the lid member will provide a surface engagement between the tab receiver and the safety tab such that the lid member will be rotated to selectively position the at least one protrusion to open or close the at least one fluid transfer opening.
12. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the lid member further comprises a rotation stopper.
13. The composition dispenser of claim 8 further comprising a reservoir stopper positioned within the storage reservoir and disposed above the medicine contained within the storage reservoir.
14. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the medicine housing further comprises a plunger guard.
15. The composition dispenser of claim 14 wherein the plunger further comprises a channel positioned to be slideably engaged around the plunger guard.
16. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the plunger further comprises an interference flange wherein the interference flange provides a seal along the inner surface of the delivery reservoir.
17. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the medicine housing further comprises an air vent positioned on the top portion of the medicine housing.
18. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the medicine housing further comprises a dosing window portion to enable a user to see the dose of medicine in the delivery reservoir.
19. The composition dispenser of claim 18 wherein the dosing window is metered using a dosing regimen selected from a group consisting of cubic centimeters (cc), milliliters (mL), teaspoon (tsp), fluid ounces (fl. oz.), ounces (oz.), grams (gm), pounds (lbs.), years (yrs.), and months.
20. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the delivery reservoir volume is between 0.1 mL to 50 mL.
21. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the storage reservoir volume is at least about 10 mL.
22. The composition dispenser of claim 8 wherein the material of the medicine housing is selected from a group consisting of silicon, polyurethane, rubbers, neoprene, nylon, PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, composite plastics and nanomaterials.
23. The composition dispenser of claim 8 further comprising a plunger button.
24. The composition dispenser of claim 23 wherein the plunger button further comprises a button arm.
25. The composition dispenser of claim 23 wherein the composition dispenser further comprises a plunger lock.
26. The composition dispenser of claim 25 wherein the plunger lock further comprises a release plate, an upper arm and a lower arm.
27. The composition dispenser of claim 8 further comprises at least one protrusion, wherein the lid member is movably coupled to the composition housing such that the tip is aligned with the delivery reservoir and the at least one protrusion is positionable to selectively close the at least one fluid transfer opening.
28. A medicine dispenser comprising:
a medicine housing wherein the medicine housing comprises a storage reservoir and a delivery reservoir in fluid communication with one another via at least one fluid transfer opening, wherein the storage reservoir is configured to hold a medicine prior to measuring a dose for a person in need thereof and wherein the delivery reservoir is a chamber where a medicine is dosed and delivered;
a plunger wherein at least a portion of the plunger is positioned within the delivery reservoir and
a lid member wherein the lid member is movably coupled to the medicine housing such that the tip is aligned with the delivery reservoir and positionable to selectively close the at least one fluid transfer opening.