1. A defibrillation or cardioversion signal in view of the delivery, by means of defibrillation electrodes connected to a defibrillator, of at least one defibrillation pulse consisting of at least one series of elementary pulses, characterized in that it is formed by a first elementary pulse which is distinct from the others and is used for measuring the patient’s transthoracic resistance between the electrodes applied to the patient, and in that the following pulses and the consecutive pauses are modulated on the basis of the patient’s measured transthoracic resistance according to a modulation law so as to deliver the preselected or intended energy to the patient, and to do so irrespective of his or her transthoracic resistance measured between the defibrillation electrodes and while keeping substantially constant the total duration of the envelope of the series of elementary defibrillation pulses corresponding to at least one phase of given polarity.
2. The defibrillation signal as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the defibrillation pulse is biphasic and includes two different phases of different given polarity.
3. The defibrillation signal as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spread of the known resistances of patients is divided into a plurality of ranges, and in that a distinct modulation law corresponds to each range.
4. The defibrillation signal as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that a phase of given polarity has a predetermined duration.
5. The defibrillation signal as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that the determined duration of each phase of given polarity is from 4 to 5 ms.
6. The defibrillation signal as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the defibrillation pulse is a biphasic defibrillation pulse with two phases of different given polarity to each other as a series of elementary pulses, of which the first of these elementary pulses is used for measuring the patient’s transthoracic resistance with in view of modulating the following ones according to a modulation law in order to deliver a predetermined defibrillation energy while keeping substantially constant the total duration of the envelope of the series of elementary defibrillation pulses corresponding to at least one phase of given polarity.
7. The defibrillation signal as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the durations of the individual pulses of the second phase are controlled by using a single capacitor and biphasic defibrillation pulses, so as to dose the total electric charge or the total energy of the second phase so that the electric charge or the energy of the second phase has a desired proportion with respect to the electric charge or the energy of the first phase, without modifying the duration of this second phase.
8. The defibrillation signal as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the durations of the individual pauses of the second phase are controlled by using a single capacitor and biphasic defibrillation pulses, so as to dose the total electric charge or the total energy of the second phase so that the electric charge or the energy of the second phase has a desired proportion with respect to the electric charge or the energy of the first phase, without modifying the duration of this second phase.
9. A device for generating a defibrillation signal, in particular a signal as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising defibrillation electrodes that can be applied to the patient, as well as means for delivering at least one defibrillation shock comprising at least one series of elementary pulses, characterized in that the device comprises
means for measuring the patient’s resistance between electrodes applied to the patient
means for storing a plurality of truncation and modulation laws intended for modulating the widths of the elementary pulses andor of the pauses between these pulses andor the frequency of these pulses
and means for selecting a truncation law as a function of the measured resistance, in particular such that the energy applied to the patient is compensated and adjusted to a predetermined value.
10. The device for automatically compensating and adjusting the defibrillation or cardioversion energy as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the high-voltage circuit (4) is composed of the following subassemblies: a high-voltage transformer and rectifier (A), means for storing the energy to be delivered to the patient (HVC), two semiconductor switches (B) and (C), an electromechanical switch (D), a module (E) for conditioning the voltage information, a module (F) for conditioning the current information and a module (G) for conditioning the control information.
11. The device for automatically compensating and adjusting the defibrillation or cardioversion energy as claimed in claims 9 and 10, characterized in that it includes two capacitors.
12. The device for automatically compensating and adjusting the defibrillation or cardioversion energy as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that it includes a single capacitor.
13. The device for automatically compensating and adjusting the defibrillation or cardioversion energy as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that it includes a bridge layout for discharging the single capacitor.
14. A method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal that can be applied to a patient by electrodes connected to a defibrillator, characterized by the following steps:
Determination of the resistance between electrodes applied to a patient’s body
Selection of a truncation law from a plurality of predetermined switching laws as a function of the measured resistance
Generation of a defibrillation wave consisting of at least one series of elementary pulses, of which the durations of these elementary pulses andor the pauses between these pulses andor the frequency of these pulses are modulated according to the truncation law.
15. A method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal, in particular as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the patient’s transthoracic resistance is measured between electrodes applied to the patient by using the first elementary pulse of the defibrillation signal, and in that the following elementary pulses and the consecutive pauses are modulated according to a modulation law so as to form a signal that is dosed in energy according to a preselected or intended amount of energy, and to do so irrespective of the patient’s measured transthoracic resistance and while keeping substantially constant the total duration of the envelope of the series of elementary defibrillation pulses corresponding to at least one phase of given polarity.
16. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the defibrillation pulse is biphasic including two different phases of different given polarity.
17. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in claim 14 or 15 or 16, characterized in that the spread of the known resistances of patients is divided into a plurality of ranges, and in that a distinct modulation law corresponds to each range.
18. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in either one of claims 16 to 17, characterized in that a phase of given polarity has a predetermined duration.
19. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the determined duration of each phase of given polarity is from 4 to 5 ms.
20. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the defibrillation pulse is a biphasic defibrillation pulse with two phases of different given polarity to each other as a series of elementary pulses, of which the first of these elementary pulses is used for measuring the patient’s transthoracic resistance in view of modulating the following ones according to a modulation law in order to deliver a predetermined defibrillation energy while keeping substantially constant the total duration of the envelope of the series of elementary defibrillation pulses corresponding to at least one phase of given polarity.
21. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the durations of the individual pulses of the second phase are controlled by using a single capacitor and biphasic defibrillation pulses, so as to dose the total electric charge or the total energy of the second phase so that the electric charge or the energy of the second phase has a desired proportion with respect to the electric charge or the energy of the first phase, without modifying the duration of this second phase.
22. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the durations of the individual pauses of the second phase are controlled by using a single capacitor and biphasic defibrillation pulses, so as to dose the total electric charge or the total energy of the second phase so that the electric charge or the energy of the second phase has a desired proportion with respect to the electric charge or the energy of the first phase, without modifying the duration of this second phase.
23. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the duration of this second phase is selected so that its charge or energy content has a predetermined proportion with respect to the charge or energy content of the first phase.
24. The method for generating a defibrillation or cardioversion signal as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that the measurement of the resistance and the selection of the truncation and modulation law are carried out during the first pulse, so that the cycle of this first pulse has a determined duty ratio with respect to at least one other duty ratio of the series of pulses.
25. The defibrillation signal as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the duration of the second phase is selected so that its charge or energy content has a predetermined proportion with respect to the charge or energy content of the first phase.
26. The defibrillation signal as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the second phase is not truncated into elementary pulses.
27. The defibrillation signal as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that the untruncated second phase has a duration such that its charge or energy content has a predetermined proportion with respect to the charge or energy content of the truncated first phase.
28. The defibrillation signal as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the resistance measurement is carried out during this first pulse, in order to control the duty ratio of the cycle containing the first pulse so that it has a predetermined value dependent on the measured resistance.
29. The defibrillation signal as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the duty ratio of the cycle containing the first pulse is identical to the duty ratio of at least one of the consecutive cycles.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A protective helmet, comprising
a head band made of plastic, which is fastened to the helmet calotte and which is height adjustable for adapting to the head anatomy of the wearer, wherein the head band (4) is supported on both sides of the helmet calotte so as to be pivotable (2),
extensions (8) extending at both end regions (6) of the head band (4) approximately perpendicular to the end regions (6) toward a top and interior of the helmet, and
holding elements (10) fixed in the helmet calotte (2), the extensions (8) engaging into the holding elements (10) and being adjustable lengthwise relative to the holding elements (10).
2. A protective helmet, according to claim 1, wherein the holding elements (10) have a plurality of interconnected snap-in cutouts (14) and the extensions (8) have a snap-in projection (15), wherein the snap-in projection (15) is lockable under elastic widening of webs (16) between the snap-in cutouts (14) into different snap-in cutouts (14) as desired for length adjustment purposes through displacement in a lengthwise direction.
3. A protective helmet according to claim 1, wherein the holding elements (10) comprise a sleeve-like extension (12) and snap-in cutouts (14) provided in an exterior sleeve wall (13) and wherein the extensions (8) comprise a snap-in projection (15) that engages into the interior of the sleeve-like extension (12).
4. A protective helmet according to claim 1, wherein the holding extensions (10) are anchored in a foam lining (3) of the protective helmet (1).
5. A protective helmet according to claim 1, wherein the head band (4) comprises a roughened surface that acts as a fastener mating surface for attaching pad inserts.