What is claimed is:
1. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing comprising a first ink and a second ink, wherein said first ink comprises at least one pH-sensitive polymer and wherein said second ink comprises a multi-valent salt or has an appropriate pH, such that when said first ink and said second ink contact on a print medium, said polymer in said first ink will precipitateflocculate onto said print medium.
2. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 1 wherein said first ink comprises a self-dispersing pigment.
3. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 2 wherein said polymer comprises monomers having the following basic structure:
3
wherein R1 are independently selected from H or a C1-C18 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing halogen, ester, ether, arnine or amide functionalities; R2 is a group selected from the group consisting of a moiety containing a carboxylic acid group having a PKa of from about 5 to about 7.5, primary amnine, secondary amnine, tertiary amine, or mixtures thereof; and R3 is a C1-C18, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing ester, ether, amnine or amide functionalities; said monomers present in an amount sufficient to provide a stable polymer when solubilized in water yet will precipitateflocculate upon contact with said second ink.
4. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 3 wherein said R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, halogen, halogenated methyl group, or mixtures thereof.
5. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 3 wherein said polymer comprises monomers with carboxylic acid functionalities selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crontonic acid, 2-trifluoromethylacrylic acid, 2-bromoacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof.
6. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 5 wherein said polymers have an acidity, measured by the acid number, of from about 55 to about 400 mg KOHg of polymer.
7. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 3 wherein said polymer comprises amine functionalities and are selected from the group consisting of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl acrylate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl acrylate, butylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate, N-3-(dimethylamino)propylacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
8. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 7 wherein the amount of basic nitrogen in said polymers, measured as the meq of basic nitrogen per gram, is from about 1 to about 7 meqg.
9. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 3 wherein said polymer comprises hydrophobic monomers selected from the group consisting methyl esters or ethyl esters of acrylic, methacrylic acids, ethyl-2-(bromomethyl) acrylate, propyl acrylates, propyl methacrylates, butyl acrylates, butyl methacrylates, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylates, hexyl methacrylates, cyclohexyl acrylates, cyclohexyl methacrylates, alkyl derivatives of cyclohexyl acrylates and methacrylates, ethylhexyl acrylates, ethylhexyl methacrylates, trimethylhexyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, 2-butoxyethyl acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol acrylate benzoate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, alkyl esters of crotonic acid, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N-(butoxymethyl)acrylamide, N-(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide, methyl-2-acrylamido-2-methoxyacetate, vinyl acetate, vinyl neodecanoate, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, styrene, and mixtures thereof.
10. An ink-jet ink set for ink-jet printing according to claim 3 wherein said polymer comprises monomers having the following basic structure:
4
wherein R1 are independently selected from H or a C1-C18 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing ester, ether, amine or amide functionalities; n is from 0 to about 15, so as long as the group has a pKa of from about 5 to about 7.5; and R3 is a C1-C18 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing ester, ether, amine or amide functionalities.
11. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 1 wherein said second ink comprises multi-valent salts, said salts are selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals of group 2A of the periodic table; transition metals of group 3B of the periodic table; cations from group 3A of the periodic table; lanthanides; and mixtures thereof; said salt is present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10 by weight of said second ink.
12. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 11 wherein said multi-valent salts are selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, lanthanum, aluminum, neodymium, and mixtures thereof.
13. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 1 wherein said second ink comprises organic acid buffers, said organic acid has a pKa equal to or less than that of said pH-sensitive polymer of said first ink.
14. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 13 wherein said organic acid is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic, acetic, glycolic, malonic, malic, maleic, ascorbic, succinic, glutaric, fumaric, citric, tartaric, lactic, sulfonic, and ortho-phosphoric acid, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
15. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 13 wherein said second ink comprises from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the ink, of said organic acid.
16. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 3 wherein said polymers are selected from the group consisting of: a) 8:92 acrylic acid:butyl acrylate, acid number 62 mg KOHg; b) 10:90 methacrylic acid:butyl acrylate, acid number 65 mg KOHg; c) 12:88 acrylic acid:ethyl acrylate, acid number 93 mg KOHg; d) 14:86 methacrylic acid:ethyl acrylate, acid number 91mg KOHg; e) 16:60:24 acrylic acid:methyl methacrylate:hexyl acrylate, acid number 125 mg KOHg; f) 16:5:15:64 acrylic acid:butylaminoethyl methacrylate:octylacrylamide:methylmethacrylate, acid number 125 mg KOHg; g) 19:40:41 methacrylic acid:ethyl acrylate:methyl methacrylate, acid number 124 mg KOHg; h) 30:30:30 methacrylic acid:methyl methacrylate:benzyl methacrylate, acid number 195 mg KOHg; 44:56 acrylic acid:ethyl acrylate, acid number 325 mg KOHg; and mixtures thereof.
17. An ink-jet ink set according to claim 1 wherein said first ink and said second ink are further formulated with an ink-jet vehicle.
18. A method of reducing bleed and halo between at least two different inks on a print medium, said at least two different inks comprising a first ink composition and a second ink composition; said method comprising the step of:
a) formulating said first ink to comprise a pH-sensitive polymer; and
b) formulating said second ink to comprise a sufficient amount of an multi-valent salt which in incompatible with said pH-sensitive polymer or a sufficient amount of an organic acid such that said second ink has an appropriate pH such that when printed on a print medium and said ink come into contact, said polymer in said first ink will precipitateflocculate onto said print medium to effect a reduction in migration of said first ink into second said ink, thereby reducing bleed and halo between said at least two inks.
19. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 18 wherein said first ink and said second ink are further formulated with an ink-jet vehicle.
20. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 19 wherein said first ink comprises a self-dispersing pigment.
21. A method of reducing bleed and halo to claim 20 wherein said polymer comprises monomers having the following basic structure:
5
wherein R1 are independently selected from H or a C1-C18 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing halogen, ester, ether, amine or amide functionalities; R2 is a group selected from the group consisting of a moiety containing a carboxylic acid group having a pKa of from about 5 to about 7.5, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, or mixtures thereof; and R3 is a Cl-Cl8 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing ester, ether, amine or amide functionalities; said monomers present in an amount sufficient to provide a stable polymer when solubilized in water yet will precipitateflocculate upon contact with said second ink.
22. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 21 wherein said polymer comprises monomers with carboxylic acid functionalities selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crontonic acid, 2-trifluoromethylacrylic acid, 2-bromoacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof.
23. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 22 wherein said polymers have an acidity, measured by the acid number, of from about 55 to about 400 mg KOHg of polymer.
24. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 21 wherein said polymer comprises amine functionalities and are selected from the group consisting of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl acrylate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate, 3-(dimethylamino)propylacrylate, butylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate, N-3-(dimethylamino)propyl acrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
25. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 24 wherein the amount of basic nitrogen in said polymers, measured as the meq of basic nitrogen per gram, is from about 1 to about 7 meqg.
26. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 21 wherein said polymer comprises hydrophobic monomers selected from the group consisting methyl esters or ethyl esters of acrylic, methacrylic acids, ethyl-2-(bromomethyl) acrylate, propyl acrylates, propyl methacrylates, butyl acrylates, butyl methacrylates, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylates, hexyl methacrylates, cyclohexyl acrylates, cyclohexyl methacrylates, alkyl derivatives of cyclohexyl acrylates and methacrylates, ethylhexyl acrylates, ethylhexyl methacrylates, trimethylhexyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, isobomyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, 2-butoxyethyl acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol acrylate benzoate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, alkyl esters of crotonic acid, N,N-dimethylacryiamide, N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N-(butoxymethyl)acrylamide, N-(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide, methyl-2-acrylamido-2-methoxyacetate, vinyl acetate, vinyl neodecanoate, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, styrene, and mixtures thereof.
27. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 21 wherein said polymer comprises monomers having the following basic structure:
6
wherein R1 are independently selected from H or a C1-C18 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing ester, ether, amine or amide functionalities; n is from 0 to about 15, so as long as the group has a pKa of from about 5 to about 7.5; and R3 is a C1-C18 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, alkyl, aromatic, or cyclic chain, optionally containing ester, ether, amine or amide functionalities.
28. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 18 wherein said second ink comprises multi-valent salts, said salts are selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals of group 2A of the periodic table; transition metals of group 3B of the periodic table; cations from group 3A of the periodic table; lanthanides; and mixtures thereof; said salt is present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10 by weight of said second ink.
29. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 28 wherein said multi-valent salts are selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, lanthanum, aluminum, neodymium, and mixtures thereof.
30. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 18 wherein said second ink comprises organic acid buffers, said organic acid has a pKa equal to or less than that of said pH-sensitive polymer of said first ink.
31. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 30 wherein said organic acid is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic, acetic, glycolic, malonic, malic, maleic, ascorbic, succinic, glutaric, fumaric, citric, tartaric, lactic, sulfonic, and ortho-phosphoric acid, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
32. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 31 wherein said second ink comprises from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the ink, of said organic acid.
33. A method of reducing bleed and halo according to claim 18 wherein said polymers are selected from the group consisting of: a) 8:92 acrylic acid:butyl acrylate, acid number 62 mg KOHg; b) 10:90 methacrylic acid:butyl acrylate, acid number 65 mg KOHg; c) 12:88 acrylic acid:ethyl acrylate, acid number 93 mg KOHg; d) 14:86 methacrylic acid:ethyl acrylate, acid number 91mg KOHg; e) 16:60:24 acrylic acid:methyl methacrylate:hexyl acrylate, acid number 125 mg KOHg; f) 16:5:15:64 acrylic acid:butylaminoethyl methacrylate:octylacrylamide:methylmethacrylate, acid number 125 mg KOHg; g) 19:40:41 methacrylic acid:ethyl acrylate:methyl methacrylate, acid number 124 mg KOHg; h) 30:30:30 methacrylic acid:methyl methacrylate:benzyl methacrylate, acid number 195 mg KOHg; 44:56 acrylic acid:ethyl acrylate, acid number 325 mg KOHg; and mixtures thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for transmitting communications from a source edge node to a destination edge node in a communication network using end-to-end quality of service reservations based on node mobility profiles, comprising:
setting up active quality of service reservations along a first path from the source edge node to the destination edge node;
receiving by the source edge node a mobility profile from the destination edge node;
setting up passive quality of service reservations by the source edge node based on the received mobility profile, wherein a computed path for passive quality of service reservations is a function of at least one of destination edge node travel path, destination edge node travel speed, destination edge node travel pattern, and availability of core nodes to act as proxy nodes; and
switching communications by the source node from the active quality of service reservations to the passive quality of service reservations based on node mobility according to the received mobility profile.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tearing down the passive quality of service reservations by the source edge node based on the received mobility profile.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a first reservation message from the source edge node to the destination edge node by routing hop-by-hop using core nodes on the first path between the source edge node and the destination edge node; and
receiving by the source edge node a second reservation message along with the mobility profile from the destination edge node along a second path, the second path being a reverse of the first path between the source edge node and the destination edge node.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the active quality of service reservations are set up along the first path according to parameters based on information acquired from the first reservation message and the second reservation message sent along the first path and the second path.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication network is a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) with all nodes having random mobility.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the active quality of service reservations and the passive quality of service reservations are resolved according to a structure on the communication network that increases a speed of at least one of reservation setup and activation along a new path.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the passive quality of service reservations are created in a staggered manner according to timing derived from the received mobility profile.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the destination edge node cannot receive communications by one of a timer of the source edge node timing out after a message is sent from the source edge node to the destination edge node and a message being received by the source edge node from the destination edge node indicating disconnection from an active quality of service reservation path.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
issuing an activation message by the source edge node to activate selected ones of the passive quality of service reservations.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications are sent from the source edge node, and the source edge node is one of a computer, a server, a portable computer, a wireless radio, a wireless telephone, a portable digital video recorder, a cellular telephone, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant, a portable MP3 player, a satellite radio receiver, an AMFM radio receiver, a satellite television, a portable music player, and combinations of the above.
11. A source edge node that routes communications in a communication network using end-to-end quality of service reservations based on node mobility profiles, comprising:
a communication interface that facilitates communications to other nodes in the communication network;
a processor, in communication with a memory, for executing instructions to: set up active quality of service reservations along a first path from the source edge node to a destination edge node; receive a mobility profile from the destination edge node; set up passive quality of service reservations based on the received mobility profile, wherein a computed path for passive quality of service reservations is a function of at least one of destination edge node travel path, destination edge node travel speed, destination edge node travel pattern, and availability of core nodes to act as proxy nodes; and switch communications from the active quality of service reservations to the passive quality of service reservations based on node mobility according to the received mobility profile.
12. The source edge node of claim 11, wherein the QoS reservations module tears down the passive quality of service reservations based on the received mobility profile.
13. The source edge node of claim 11, wherein the QoS reservations module sends a first reservation message from the source edge node to the destination edge node by routing hop-by-hop using core nodes on the first path, and receives a second reservation message along with the mobility profile from the destination edge node along a second path, the second path being a reverse of the first path between the source edge node and the destination edge node.
14. The source edge node of claim 13, wherein the QoS reservations module sets up the active quality of service reservations along the first path according to parameters based on information acquired from the first reservation message and the second reservation message sent along the first path and the second path.
15. The source edge node of claim 11, wherein the QoS reservations module computes a path for the passive quality of service reservations considering at least one of a destination edge node travel path, a destination edge node travel speed, a destination edge node travel pattern, and an availability of core nodes to act as proxy nodes.
16. The source edge node of claim 15, wherein the active quality of service reservations and the passive quality of service reservations are resolved according to a structure on the communication network that increases a speed of at least one of reservation setup and activation along a new path.
17. The source edge node of claim 11, wherein the passive quality of service reservations are created in a staggered manner according to timing derived from the received mobility profile.
18. The source edge node of claim 11, wherein the QoS reservations module determines that the destination edge node cannot receive communications by one of a timer timing out after a message is sent from the source edge node to the destination edge node and a message being received from the destination edge node indicating disconnection-from an active quality of service reservation path.
19. The source edge node of claim 11, wherein the QoS reservations module issues an activation message to activate selected ones of the passive quality of service reservations.
20. The source edge node of claim 11, wherein the source edge node is one of a computer, a server, a portable computer, a wireless radio, a wireless telephone, a portable digital video recorder, a cellular telephone, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant, a portable MP3 player, a satellite radio receiver, an AMFM radio receiver, a satellite television, a portable music player, and combinations of the above.
21. A non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions for controlling a computing device to execute a method for routing communications in a communication network using end-to-end quality of service reservations based on node mobility profiles, the method comprising:
setting up active quality of service reservations along a first path from a source edge node to a destination edge node;
receiving by the source edge node a mobility profile from the destination edge node;
setting up passive quality of service reservations by the source edge node based on the received mobility profile, wherein a computed path for passive quality of service reservations is a function of at least one of destination edge node travel path, destination edge node travel speed, destination edge node travel pattern, and availability of core nodes to act as proxy nodes;
switching communications by the source edge node from the active quality of service reservations to the passive quality of service reservations based on node mobility according to the received mobility profile;
wherein the communication network is a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) with all nodes having random mobility.
22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, the method further comprising:
tearing down the passive quality of service reservations by the source edge node based on the received mobility profile.
23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, the method further comprising:
sending a first reservation message from the source edge node to the destination edge node by routing hop-by-hop using core nodes on the first path between the source edge node and the destination edge node; and
receiving by the source edge node a second reservation message along with the mobility profile from the destination edge node along a second path, the second path being a reverse of the first path between the source edge node and the destination edge node.
24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, wherein the active quality of service reservations are set up along the first path according to parameters based on information acquired from the first reservation message and the second reservation message sent along the first path and the second path.
25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, the method further comprising:
computing a path for the passive quality of service reservations considering at least one of a destination edge node travel path, a destination edge node travel speed, a destination edge node travel pattern, and an availability of core nodes to act as proxy nodes.
26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, wherein the active quality of service reservations and the passive quality of service reservations are resolved according to a structure on the communication network that increases a speed of at least one of reservation setup and activation along a new path.
27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the passive quality of service reservations are created in a staggered manner according to timing derived from the received mobility profile.
28. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, the method further comprising:
determining that the destination edge node cannot receive communications by one of a timer of the source edge node timing out after a message is sent from the source edge node to the destination edge node and a message being received by the source edge node from the destination edge node indicating disconnection from an active quality of service reservation path.
29. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, the method further comprising:
issuing an activation message by the source edge node to activate selected ones of the passive quality of service reservations.
30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the communications are sent from the source edge node, and the source edge node is one of a computer, a server, a portable computer, a wireless radio, a wireless telephone, a portable digital video recorder, a cellular telephone, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant, a portable MP3 player, a satellite radio receiver, an AMFM radio receiver, a satellite television, a portable music player, and combinations of the above.