What is claimed is:
1. An aqueous ink composition comprising at least:
a surface-modified pigment capable of at least one of dispersing and dissolving in an aqueous solvent without use of a dispersant;
an organic amine compound represented by formula (A) or (B) shown below; and
water,
4
wherein R1 to R6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl chain having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which may have a branch, provided that at least one of R1 to R3 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl chain having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, which may have a branch.
2. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 1, which contains said surface-modified pigment in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight and said organic amine compound represented by formula (A) or (B) in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight.
3. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 1, wherein said surface-modified pigment comprises a pigment having, bonded to a surface thereof, at least one of a hydrophilic functional group and a salt thereof.
4. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 3, wherein said hydrophilic functional group is one or more member selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic group, a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfone group, a phosphoric acid group and a quaternary ammonium salt.
5. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 1, which further comprises a penetration accelerator in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight.
6. An aqueous ink composition comprising at least a pigment, a dispersant, an organic amine compound represented by formula (A) or (B) shown below, a penetration accelerator and water,
5
wherein R1 to R6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl chain having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which may have a branch, provided that at least one of R1 to R3 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl chain having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, which may have a branch.
7. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 6, which contains said pigment in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, said dispersant in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, said organic amine compound represented by formula (A) or (B) in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight and said penetration accelerator in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Process for the recovery of gaseous products from the product mixture obtained by contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking process, wherein the recovery comprises the following sequence of steps:
(a) separating the product mixture in a first distillation step in which a gaseous top product is obtained comprising products boiling below 200 C.,
(b) cooling the gaseous top product of step (a) and separating the obtained liquid and gaseous fractions,
(c) pressurising the gaseous fraction obtained in step (b) in a compressor step,
(d) cooling the pressurised product of step (c) and separating the obtained liquid and gaseous fractions,
(e) supplying the gaseous fraction obtained in step (d) to an absorber in which absorber the gaseous fraction is contacted with the liquid fraction obtained in step (b) thereby obtaining a lower boiling fraction rich in gaseous products having a boiling point of ethane or below and a contacted liquid absorber oil fraction,
(f) supplying the liquid fraction obtained in step (d) together with the contacted liquid absorber oil fraction obtained in step (e) to a stripper and obtaining a liquid fraction rich in hydrocarbons having a boiling point higher than ethane and a gaseous fraction,
(g) supplying the gaseous fraction obtained in step (f) to step (d) or step (e),
(h) supplying the liquid fraction obtained in step (f) to a debutaniser distillation step wherein a fraction
comprising butane and lower boiling compounds and a
higher boiling fraction is obtained,
wherein the liquid fraction obtained in step (b) has a temperature of between 8 and 25 C. when supplied to the absorber in step (e).
2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the liquid fraction obtained in step (b) has a temperature of between 12 and 20 C. when supplied to the absorber in step (e).
3. Process according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the liquid fraction obtained in step (b) is first mixed with gaseous fraction obtained in step (e), subsequently cooled to the desired temperature and separated in a gaseous and liquid fraction, which liquid fraction is supplied to the absorber in step (e).
4. Process according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein a high boiling fraction is first separated from the liquid fraction obtained in step (b) before using this fraction in step (e).
5. Process according to claim 4, wherein the initial boiling point of the high boiling fraction has an initial boiling point of between 100 and 160 C.
6. Process according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the content of the absorber in step (e) is cooled by making use of a side cooler.
7. Process according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein part of the liquid fraction obtained in step (b) is directly supplied to the debutaniser step.
8. Method to retrofit an existing process for the recovery of gaseous products from the product mixture obtained by contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking process to a process according to any one of claims 1-7.