1. A single-layer matte film or sheet comprising:
55 to 97 wt % of a polylactic acid resin (A);
2 to 30 wt % of chemically modified starch (B) particulates, the chemically modified starch (B) particulates being formed of a starch derivative mixture containing 40 wt % or more of at least one starch derivative (b) selected from the group consisting of starch ester, starch ether, and polyester graft polymer starch; and
1 to 15 wt % of a plasticizer (C),
wherein the film or sheet has a micro phase-separation structure in which the polylactic acid resin (A) forms a matrix and the chemically modified starch (B) particulates form a domain, and in a cross-section cut in the transverse direction of the film or sheet (referred to as TD cross-section), an average cross-sectional area of the 20% largest domains of the chemically modified starch (B) particulates is 20,000 nm2 or larger, and
at least one side of the film or sheet has a surface gloss of 60% or lower when measured in accordance with ASTM-D2457-70 (45\xb0 gloss).
2. The matte film or sheet according to claim 1, wherein the starch derivative (b) has a glass transition temperature Tg of 100 to 170\xb0 C.
3. The matte film or sheet according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer (C) is an ester synthesized from a combination of two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 7 or less carbon atoms, an aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having 7 or less carbon atoms, and an aliphatic alcohol having 7 or less carbon atoms.
4. The matte film or sheet according to claim 1, further comprising 5 wt % or less of a particulate polymer (D) having an average particle size of 10 \u03bcm or smaller based on 100 wt % in total of the polylactic acid resin (A), the chemically modified starch (B) particulates, and the plasticizer (C).
5. A multilayered matte film or sheet comprising the matte film or sheet according to claim 1 stacked so that the surface having a surface gloss of 60% or less is at least one external surface.
6. Wall paper comprising:
a wall paper base having a surface; and
the matte film or sheet according to claim 1 stacked on the surface of the wall paper base.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for analyzing the performance of software development process activities, the method comprising:
selecting a process activity to be analyzed;
determining a metric describing the performance of the selected process activity;
collecting a statistically sufficient number of metric data on the base of the selected process activities performed;
analyzing the collected metric data and assessing the performance of the software development process activity by applying statistical process control techniques, wherein a variation of the performance is affected by intrinsic process variation and Poisson effects,
wherein the collected metric data are each transformed into a distance from a centerline defined by a mean value of the metric data, whereby the metric data are normalized in units of an expected variation due to Poisson effects,
wherein as control limits empirical natural process limits are determined, derived from a moving average of the transformed metric data.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transformation of the collected metric data into the distance from the centerline is adopted from z-Charts or u-Charts.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the control limits is adopted from XmR-Charts.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
providing results of the assessed performance of the software development process activity as a ZmR-Chart.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the ZmR-Chart is generated by a spreadsheet program.
6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
storing results of the assessed performance of the software development process activity in a data base, a spreadsheet, a word processor, a XML-file or a HTML-file.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a portion of a overall variation due to intrinsic process variation is directly calculated by comparing the empirical natural process limits with theoretical limits according to the Poisson effects.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the results of assessing the performance of the software development process activity are used to identify assignable causes for outliers being fed back to a current software development project for direct corrections in the respective process activity.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metric is defined by a measurable rate.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said method is performed under control of a computer program.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the computer program is read from a data carrier.
12. A method for presenting performance data of software development process activities in a graphical chart,
wherein the performance data are gained on the base of statistical process control techniques,
wherein collected metric data are each transformed into a distance from a centerline defined by a mean value of the metric data, whereby the metric data are normalized in units of an expected variation due to Poisson effects,
wherein as control limits empirical natural process limits are determined, derived from a moving average of the transformed metric data,
wherein the distance between the centerline and each of the transformed metric data defines a probability of occurrence and outliers beyond the control limits are interpreted of being provoked by an assignable cause, and
depicting the gained performance data in a graphical statistical process control chart.
13. A system for analyzing the performance of software development process activities using a metric describing the performance of the selected process activity, the system comprising:
means for collecting a statistically sufficient number of metric data on the base of the selected process activities performed; and
means for analyzing the collected metric data and assessing the performance of the software development process activity by applying statistical process control techniques, wherein a variation of the performance is affected by intrinsic process variation and Poisson effects,
wherein the collected metric data are each transformed into a distance from a centerline defined by a mean value of the metric data, whereby the metric data are normalized in units of an expected variation due to Poisson effects, and
wherein as control limits empirical natural process limits are determined, derived from a moving average of the transformed metric data.