1. A tool for depositing material onto a three-dimensional surface, said tool comprising:
a first tubular member adapted to be carried by a spindle of a machine operable to move said spindle over a three-dimensional surface, said first tubular member comprising a first guide surface and a second guide surface;
a second tubular member comprising a first guide surface engaging said first tubular member second guide surface and comprising a second guide surface engaging said first tubular member first guide surface;
a first resilient member disposed to urge said second tubular member in a first axial direction relative to said first tubular member;
a material holder carried by said second tubular member and adapted to carry said material extending therefrom in said first axial direction; and
a second resilient member disposed to urge said holder into engagement with said second tubular member;
said first tubular member and said second tubular member cooperating with said first resilient member to resiliently urge said material holder in said first axial direction such that when said material holder is proximate said three-dimensional surface, said material holder adapted to resiliently urge said material extending therefrom against said three-dimensional surface to thereby deposit said material onto said three-dimensional surface.
2. A tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
said first resilient member comprises a spring engaging said second tubular member and a fixed surface.
3. A tool in accordance with claim 2, wherein:
said second resilient member comprises a spring.
4. A tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
said material holder comprises a collet having a first sloped surface and a collar carried by said second tubular member, said collar having a second sloped surface adapted to releasably engage said first sloped surface.
5. A tool in accordance with claim 4, wherein:
said second resilient member urges said collet first surface into engagement with said collar second surface to retain material in said tool.
6. A tool in accordance with claim 5, wherein:
said material is selected from the group comprising: graphite, marking lead, wax, grease, China marker, adhesive, glue, marker, masking material, paint, and fluorescent die.
7. A tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
said material holder carries a material selected from the group comprising: graphite, marking lead, wax, grease, China marker, adhesive, glue, marker, masking material, paint, and fluorescent die.
8. A tool in accordance with claim 1, comprising:
a radially inward extending flange carried on said first tubular member, said radially inward extending flange comprising said first tubular member said first guide surface; and
a radially outward extending flange carried on said second tubular member, said radially outward extending flange carrying said second tubular member first surface.
9. A tool in accordance with claim 8, wherein:
said first tubular member comprises an inner wall, said inner wall of said first tubular member carries said first tubular member second surface; and
said second tubular member comprises an outer wall, said outer wall of said second tubular member carries said second tubular member second surface.
10. A tool in accordance with claim 9, wherein:
said material holder comprises: a collar carried by said second tubular member, said collar having a first sloped surface; and a collet having a second sloped surface adapted to releasably engage said first sloped surface.
11. A tool in accordance with claim 9, wherein:
said material holder comprises a third tubular member extending from said collet, said third tubular member comprising a first engagement surface engaging said second resilient member; and
wherein said second tubular member comprises a second engagement surface engaging said second resilient member;
said first and second engagement surfaces and said second resilient member cooperatively operating to urge said collet second sloped surface into engagement with said collar first sloped surface.
12. Apparatus for holding a tool to work a three-dimensional surface, said apparatus comprising:
a first tubular member adapted to be carried by a spindle of a machine operable to move said spindle over a three-dimensional surface, said first tubular member comprising a first guide surface and a second guide surface;
a second tubular member comprising a first guide surface engaging said first tubular member second guide surface and comprising a second guide surface engaging said first tubular member first guide surface;
a first resilient member disposed to urge said second tubular member in a first axial direction relative to said first tubular member;
a tool holder carried by said second tubular member and adapted to hold said tool such that said tool extends from said tool holder; and
a second resilient member disposed to urge said tool holder into engagement with said second tubular member;
said first tubular member and said second tubular member cooperating with said first resilient member to resiliently urge said tool holder in said first axial direction, said tool holder adapted to carry said tool into resilient engagement with said three-dimensional surface when said spindle is proximate to said three-dimensional surface.
13. Apparatus in accordance with claim 12, wherein:
said first resilient member comprises a spring engaging said second tubular member and a fixed surface.
14. Apparatus in accordance with claim 13, wherein:
said second resilient member comprises a spring.
15. Apparatus in accordance with claim 12, wherein:
said tool holder comprises a collet having a first sloped surface and a collar carried by said second tubular member, said collar having a second sloped surface adapted to releasably engage said first sloped surface.
16. Apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein:
said second resilient member urges said collet first surface into engagement with said collar second surface to retain a tool in said tool holder.
17. Apparatus in accordance with claim 12, comprising:
a radially inward extending flange carried on said first tubular member, said radially inward extending flange comprising said first tubular member first guide surface; and
a radially outward extending flange carried on said second tubular member, said radially outward extending flange carrying said second tubular member first guide surface.
18. Apparatus in accordance with claim 17, wherein:
the inner wall of said first tubular member carries said first tubular member second surface; and
the outer wall or said second tubular member carries said second tubular member second surface.
19. Apparatus in accordance with claim 18, wherein:
said tool holder comprises: a collar carried by said second tubular member, said collar having a first sloped surface; and a collet having a second sloped surface adapted to releasably engage said first sloped surface.
20. A tool for depositing material onto a three-dimensional surface to mark trim lines for a cranial remodeling device, said tool comprising:
a first tubular member adapted to be carried by a spindle of a machine operable to move said spindle over a three-dimensional surface, said first tubular member comprising a first guide surface and a second guide surface;
a second tubular member comprising a first guide surface engaging said first tubular member second guide surface and comprising a second guide surface engaging said first tubular member first guide surface;
a first resilient member disposed to urge said second tubular member in a first axial direction relative to said first tubular member;
a material holder carried by said second tubular member and adapted to carry said material; and
a second resilient member disposed to urge said material holder into engagement with said second tubular member;
said first tubular member and said second tubular member cooperating with said first resilient member to urge said material holder in said first axial direction, said material holder adapted to carry said material into resilient engagement with said three-dimensional surface when said spindle is proximate said three-dimensional surface.
21. Apparatus in accordance with claim 20, wherein:
said first resilient member comprises a spring engaging said second tubular member and a fixed surface.
22. Apparatus in accordance with claim 21, wherein:
said second resilient member comprises a spring.
23. Apparatus in accordance with claim 22, wherein:
said material holder comprises a collet having a first sloped surface and a collar carried by said second tubular member, said collar having a second sloped surface adapted to releasably engage said first sloped surface.
24. Apparatus in accordance with claim 23, wherein:
said second resilient member urges said collet first surface into engagement with said collar second surface to retain material in said material holder.
25. Apparatus in accordance with claim 24, comprising:
a radially inward extending flange carried on said first tubular member, said radially inward extending flange comprising said first tubular member first guide surface; and
a radially outward extending flange carried on said second tubular member, said radially outward extending flange carrying said second tubular member first guide surface.
26. Apparatus tool in accordance with claim 25, wherein:
the inner wall of said first tubular member carries said first tubular member second surface; and
the outer wall or said second tubular member carries said second tubular member second surface.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A polymeric controlled release preparation. comprising:
a mucoadhesive layer comprising a first region and a second region, the first region being substantially surrounded by the second region: wherein
the first region comprises an active agent; and
the second region comprises a mucoadhesive material.
2. The polymeric controlled release preparation of claim 1, wherein the first region comprises polymeric microspheres comprising the active agent.
3. The polymeric controlled release preparation of claim 1, wherein the first region is spheroidal.
4. The polymeric controlled release preparation of claim 1, wherein the first region is an ellipsoid.
5. The polymeric controlled release preparation of claim 1, wherein the first region is a cylinder.
6. The polymeric controlled release preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is a device or film.
7. The polymeric controlled release preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation has a shape selected from the group consisting of round, ellipsoid, oval triangular, quadrangular polygonal, and irregular rounded.
8. The polymeric controlled release preparation of claim 1, further comprising a backing layer.
9. A pharmaceutically acceptable polymeric controlled release device for oral drug delivery, comprising:
a mucoadhesive coating; and
a polymeric release layer comprising an active agent, wherein the polymeric release layer is disposed on the mucoadhesive coating; and wherein the mucoadhesive coating is capable of adhering to a mucosa with a force between 2 and 30 times the weight of the device.
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. The device of claim 9, wherein a polymeric layer having minimal permeability to the active agent is disposed substantially on the polymeric release layer.
13. The device of claim 9, wherein the device is capable of inserting into an invagination of an intestinal membrane.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein the device has a dimension larger than 5 mm.
15. The device of claim 13, wherein the device has a dimension less than 1 mm.
16-19. (canceled)
20. The device of claim 9, wherein the device has an aspect ratio of at least about 2:1.
21. The device of claim 9, wherein the mucoadhesive coating or layer has a greater adhesive force when exposed to a pH greater than or equal to 5 than when exposed to a pH of less than 5.
22. The device of claim 9, further comprising a permeation enhancer.
23. The device of claim 22, wherein the permeation enhancer reduces the viscosity of mucus.
24. The device of claim 23, wherein the permeation enhancer is capable of opening a tight junction.
25. A polymeric controlled release device, comprising:
an active agent,
a mucoadhesive layer, and
a permeation enhancer, wherein when a surface of the device adheres to a mucosa defining a privileged region, a substantial majority of the permeation enhancer is maintained within the privileged region.
26. The device of claim 25, wherein substantially none of the permeation enhancer is capable of escaping the privileged region.
27. The device of claim 25, wherein when the surface of the device adheres to the Mucosa, molecules that reside outside of the region defined by the surface of the device adhered to the mucosa do not substantially enter the region.
28. The device of claim 25, wherein the device does not substantially enhance permeation of molecules that reside outside the region defined by the surface of the device adhered to the mucosa.
29. The device of claim 25, further comprising polymeric microparticles comprising the active agent.
30-145. (canceled)