1. A display apparatus comprising:
a substrate comprising a displaying region and a non-displaying region surrounding the displaying region; and
a frit disposed on the non-displaying region to form a loop which surrounds the displaying region and has both a start portion and an end portion not overlapping each other;
wherein a first light beam is applied to the frit to glaze it along the loop in a first direction, and a second light beam is applied to the frit to glaze it along the loop in a second direction, both of the first light beam and the second light beam starting at the start portion and ending up at the end portion; and
wherein the second direction is different from the first direction.
2. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second light beams are produced by a glazing module which comprises:
a heating source, including a laser or a halogen lamp, generating the first light beam and the second light beam; and
a converging unit configured for focusing the first and second light beams on the frit to form a first light spot and a second light spot, respectively;
wherein each of the first and second light spots has a diameter larger than or equal to a width of the loop.
3. The display apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of each of the first and second light spots is equal to the width of the loop.
4. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second light beams overlap at the start portion of the loop in an overlapping area not less than 50% and not more than 100% of the start portion.
5. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second light beams are applied to the frit at the same moving speed.
6. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second light spots overlap at the end portion of the loop in an overlapping area not less than 50% and not more than 100% of the end portion
7. A method for sealing a display apparatus comprising:
providing a substrate which has a displaying region and a non-displaying region surrounding the displaying region;
disposing a frit to form a loop on the non-displaying region, in which the loop surrounds the displaying region and has both a start portion and an end portion not overlapping each other;
providing a heating source configured for generating a first light beam and a second light beam;
providing a converging unit configured for focusing the first and second light beams on the frit to form the first and second light spots, respectively;
applying the first and second light beams at the start portion to glaze the frit at the start portion;
moving the first and second light beams along the loop in a first direction and a second direction, respectively, starting at the start portion and ending up at the end portion, in which the second direction is different from the first direction; and
applying the first and second light beams at the end portion of the loop;
wherein each of the first and second light spots has a diameter larger than or equal to a width of the loop.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the heating source comprises a laser or a halogen lamp.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first and second light beams overlap at the start portion of the loop in an overlapping area not less than 50% and not more than 100% of the start portion.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first and second light spots overlap at the end portion of the loop in an overlapping area not less than 50% and not more than 100% of the end portion.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of providing access to a surgical site in a patient, the method comprising:
preparing the incision prior to attaching an anchor;
wherein the step of preparing the incision comprises the steps of:
inserting a guide into the incision;
sweeping back muscle and tissue from the surgical site; and
finding a target for attaching a flexible strap formed of a biocompatible material;
attaching a bone anchor on a distal end of the flexible strap formed of the biocompatible material to a bone in the surgical site at the target through an incision wherein the bone is a vertebra of a spine and the surgical site is a spinal column of the patient;
pulling a proximal end of the flexible strap out of the incision to retract tissue in the incision;
placing an anchoring ring externally over the incision, the anchoring ring having a central opening for surrounding the incision site and anchoring portions distributed on the periphery of the ring for receiving the proximal ends of the flexible strap; and
securing the proximal end of the flexible strap in an anchoring portion distributed on the periphery of the ring.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of disconnecting the anchor from the flexible strap after completion of a surgical procedure at the surgical site.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of inserting a serial dilator into the incision to increase the diameter of the incision prior to the insertion of the guide into the incision.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of coupling an illuminant to the flexible strap to illuminate the incision site.