1. A liquid crystal display device having liquid crystal cells arranged in a matrix type, comprising:
a gate line for receiving a scanning signal;
a data line for receiving a data signal;
a pixel electrode provided at an intersection of the gate line and the data line to drive a liquid crystal cell;
a thin film transistor for responding to the scanning signal to switch the data signal into the pixel electrode;
a common line laterally adjacent to the pixel electrode along a direction of one of the gate and data lines; and
an alignment film formed on at least a portion of the gate line, the data line and the pixel electrode to determine a primary alignment direction of a liquid crystal,
wherein the pixel electrode and the common electrode are disposed directly on an insulating layer that serves as the gate insulating layer of the thin film transistor, and wherein the alignment film directly contacts upper and side surfaces of the common line, upper and side surfaces of the pixel electrode, and upper surfaces of the source and drain electrodes of the thin film transistor.
2. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alignment film is formed of a polyimide resin.
3. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the polyimide resin has a dielectric constant of about 3 and a thickness of about 500 to 700 \u212b.
4. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pixel electrode is formed of a first material, and wherein the source and drain electrodes are formed of a second material different from the first material.
5. A liquid crystal display device having liquid crystal cells arranged in a matrix type, comprising:
a gate line for receiving a scanning signal;
a data line for receiving a data signal;
a pixel electrode and a common electrode provided at a pixel area near an intersection of the gate line and the data line to drive a liquid crystal cell;
a thin film transistor for responding to the scanning signal to switch the data signal into the pixel electrode;
a common line laterally adjacent to the pixel electrode along a direction of one of the gate and data lines; and
an alignment film entirely coated on a substrate to protect signal wires including the gate line, the data line, the pixel electrode and the common electrode and to determine a primary alignment direction of a liquid crystal,
wherein the pixel electrode and the common electrode are disposed directly on an insulating layer that serves as the gate insulating layer of the thin film transistor, and wherein the alignment film directly contacts upper and side surfaces of the common line, upper and side surfaces of the pixel electrode, and upper surfaces of the source and drain electrodes of the thin film transistor.
6. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the common electrode is formed of a transparent conductive material at the same layer as the pixel electrode in such a manner as not to overlap the pixel electrode.
7. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the alignment film is formed of a polyimide resin.
8. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polyimide resin has a dielectric constant of about 3 and a thickness of about 500 to 700 \u212b.
9. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pixel electrode is formed of a first material, and wherein the source and drain electrodes are formed of a second material different from the first material.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of managing data transmissions from a plurality of targets, each of which is equipped with an on-board broadcast system, comprising the steps of:
defining a plurality of geographic regions;
determining the identity of each target within each geographic region;
establishing a time frame within which each target will transmit data using its on-board broadcast system;
assigning each geographic region a contiguous set of time slots within the established time frame;
defining a time slot sequence order by which each target within each geographic region will transmit data within each respective contiguous set of time slots; and
instructing each target located within each respective geographic region to transmit data from its on-board broadcast system at a time within the contiguous set of time slots that has been assigned for the geographic region in which it is located, using a specific time slot sequence order and an index point or offset within said time slot sequence order.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the geographic regions are defined based on designed or historical traffic patterns of the targets.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the identity of each target is performed using data broadcast from each respective target.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the identity of each target is performed using data from a surveillance source external to each respective target.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the identity of each target is performed using data from a system on each respective target.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the time frame is established based on at least one predetermined data transmission protocol.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein each set of time slots is defined based on a maximum number of targets expected within the respective geographic region.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein each set of time slots is defined based on a maximum propagation time of a data transmission from a target within each respective geographic region.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein each set of time slots is defined based on the message length of data transmissions from the plurality of targets.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sets of time slots overlap within the time frame.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the amount of overlap between the sets of time slots is selected to control transmission interference between targets within different geographic regions.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein more than one time slot sequence order is defined for each geographic region.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the time slot sequence order is pseudorandom.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the pseudorandom time slot sequence order is orthogonal to other time slot sequence orders in the same or any geographic region.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein each contiguous set of time slots is defined by any three of (a) a specific start time within the established time frame, (b) the number of time slots within the respective set of time slots, and (c) the size of the time slots within the respective set of time slots and (d) a specific stop time within the time frame.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one of start time, stop time, number of time slots and size of the time slots is transmitted to each target from a source external to the target.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific time slot sequence order that is used by each target is determined by the target itself using one of an on-board lookup table and a predetermined algorithm.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the targets are selected from aircraft and airport support vehicles.
19. A method of managing data transmissions from a plurality of aircraft, each of which is equipped with an on-board ADS-B system that transmits ADS-B data from the aircraft within an established time frame, said method comprising the steps of:
defining at least a first geographic region and a second geographic region;
for each geographic region, dividing the established time frame into a contiguous set of time slots;
defining a time slot sequence order by which each target within each geographic region will transmit data within said established time frame; and
instructing each aircraft located within the first geographic region to transmit its ADS-B data at a specific index point or offset within said time slot sequence order for the first geographic region and each aircraft located within the second geographic region to transmit its ADS-B data at a specific index point or offset within said time slot sequence order for the second geographic region.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of (i) instructing each aircraft located within the first geographic region to transmit its ADS-B data within the contiguous set of time slots using a specific index point or offset that differs from the index point or offset used by other aircraft within the first geographic region, and (ii) instructing each aircraft located within the second geographic region to transmit its ADS-B data within the contiguous set of time slots using a specific index point or offset that differs from the index point or offset used by other aircraft within the second geographic region.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the contiguous set of time slots for the first geographic region partially or completely overlaps the contiguous set of time slots for the second geographic region within the established time frame.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein each contiguous set of time slots is defined by any three of (a) a specific start time within the established time frame, (b) the number of time slots within the respective set of time slots, (c) the size of the time slots within the respective set of time slots, and (d) a specific stop time within the time frame.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein the geographic regions are defined based on designed or historical traffic patterns of the targets.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein each set of time slots is defined based on a maximum propagation time of a data transmission from a target within each respective geographic region.
25. The method of claim 19, wherein more than two time slot sequence orders are defined for each geographic region.
26. The method of claim 19, wherein the time slot sequence order is pseudorandom.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the pseudorandom time slot sequence order is orthogonal to other time slot sequence orders in the same or any geographic region.
28. The method of claim 19, wherein the specific time slot sequence order that is used by each target is determined by the target itself using one of an on-board lookup table and a predetermined algorithm.