1. A display panel comprising:
an array of interferometric modulators arranged over a transparent substrate; and
a transparent electrical device arranged between the array of interferometric modulators and the transparent substrate, the transparent electrical device being electrically connected to the array of interferometric modulators.
2. The display panel of claim 1 in which the transparent electrical device is selected from the group consisting of a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor and a filter.
3. The display panel of claim 2 in which the transparent electrical device is a capacitor.
4. The display panel of claim 3 in which the capacitor is a storage capacitor.
5. The display panel of claim 2 in which the transparent electrical device is a resistor.
6. The display panel of claim 2 in which the transparent electrical device is an inductor.
7. The display panel of claim 2 in which the transparent electrical device is a filter.
8. The display panel of claim 7 in which the filter comprises a capacitor and a resistor.
9. The display panel of claim 8 in which the filter further comprises an inductor.
10. The display panel of claim 1 in which the array of interferometric modulators comprises at least a first interferometric modulator, the first interferometric modulator comprising a first electrode, a first mirror mechanically coupled to the first electrode, a second electrode, and a second mirror mechanically coupled to the second electrode.
11. The display panel of claim 10 in which the transparent electrical device is electrically connected to the first electrode.
12. The display panel of claim 10 in which the second mirror is moveable relative to the first mirror.
13. The display panel of claim 12 in which the first mirror is a reflective surface of the first electrode.
14. The display panel of claim 1 in which the transparent electrical device is a passive electrical device.
15. A display device comprising:
a substrate comprising an array region;
an interferometric modulator attached to the substrate in the array region; and
a transparent passive electrical device attached to the substrate in the array region.
16. The display device of claim 15 in which the transparent passive electrical device is configured to transmit light to the interferometric modulator from a viewing side of the substrate in the array region.
17. The display device of claim 15 further comprising a second interferometric modulator attached to the substrate in the array region.
18. The display device of claim 17 in which the transparent passive electrical device is arranged between the substrate and the second interferometric modulator in the array region.
19. The display device of claim 17 further comprising a row line in the array region electrically connected to the first interferometric modulator and to the second interferometric modulator.
20. The display device of claim 19 in which the transparent passive electrical device is electrically connected to the row line.
21. A method of making a display device, comprising:
forming a transparent electrical device on a substrate;
depositing an insulating layer over the transparent electrical device;
forming an interferometric modulator over the insulating layer; and
forming an electrical connection between the transparent electrical device and the interferometric modulator.
22. The method of claim 21 in which forming the transparent electrical device comprises depositing a conductive layer and a dielectric layer.
23. The method of claim 22 in which forming the transparent electrical device comprises depositing a second conductive layer.
24. The method of claim 22 further comprising patterning at least one of the conductive layer and the dielectric layer.
25. The method of claim 21 in which forming the electrical connection comprises forming a via in the insulating layer.
26. The method of claim 21 in which forming the interferometric modulator comprises forming a first electrode.
27. The method of claim 26 in which the first electrode is insulated from the transparent electrical device by the insulating layer.
28. A display device comprising:
the display panel of claim 1;
a processor that is in electrical communication with the display panel, the processor being configured to process image data; and
a memory device in electrical communication with the processor.
29. The display device of claim 28 further comprising:
a first controller configured to send at least one signal to the display panel; and
a second controller configured to send at least a portion of the image data to the first controller.
30. The display device of claim 28 further comprising:
an image source module configured to send the image data to the processor.
31. The display device of claim 30 wherein the image source module comprises at least one of a receiver, a transceiver, and a transmitter.
32. The display device of claim 28 further comprising:
an input device configured to receive input data and to communicate the input data to the processor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for recovering an aqueous sample from an absorbent packaging material comprising absorbent fibers, absorbent granules or combinations thereof and wherein the absorbent packaging material has absorbed the aqueous sample and formed a liquid-swollen absorbent gel, comprising the steps of:
a) contacting the liquid-swollen absorbent gel with a recovery fluid for a sufficient time to disrupt the liquid-swollen absorbent gel and form a recovery mixture, wherein the osmotic pressure of the recovery fluid is higher than the osmotic pressure of the aqueous sample, and
b) removing the recovery mixture for detection and analysis of desired analytes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the osmotic pressure of the recovery fluid is between 1 and 150 atm.
3. The method of claim 2, where the recovery fluid comprises water-soluble molecules having a molecular weight less than 1000 Da.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the recovery fluid comprises simple carbohydrates.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the carbohydrates are selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose and sucrose.
6. The method of claim 3, comprising one or more salts selected from the group consisting of NH4NO3, KC2H3O2, KNO2, KCNS and NaCl.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the salt is NaCl.
8. The method of claim 1, where the aqueous sample is a biological fluid.
9. The method of claim 8, where the biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid and lymph.
10. The method in claim 8, wherein the biological fluid further comprises substances selected from the group consisting of toxic or non-toxic chemicals, pharmacological drugs and alcohol.
11. The method in claim 3, wherein the non-biological sample comprises toxic chemicals.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous sample is a non-biological fluid.
13. The method in claim 12, wherein the non-biological sample is contaminated water containing agrochemicals or industrial compounds.
14. The method of claim 1, where the absorbent packaging material is a cross-linked polymer.
15. The method of claim 14, where the a cross-linked polymer comprises poly(acrylic acid).
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the cross-linked polymer is ionized with monovalent counter-ions.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the absorbent fibers are superabsorbent fibers.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the absorbent granules are superabsorbent granules.
19. A method for recovering an aqueous sample from an absorbent packaging material wherein the absorbent packaging material comprising absorbent fibers, absorbent granules or combinations thereof has absorbed the aqueous sample and formed a liquid swollen absorbent gel, comprising the steps of:
a) estimating the amount of aqueous sample absorbed by the polymer packaging material;
b) contacting the liquid-swollen absorbent gel with recovery fluid for sufficient time to disrupt the liquid swollen absorbent gel and form a recovery mixture, wherein the osmotic pressure of the recovery fluid is greater than the osmotic pressure of the aqueous sample, and wherein the recovery fluid is in excess of the estimated aqueous sample;
c) removing the recovery mixture.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the volume of the recovery fluid is approximately five times more than the estimated spilled aqueous sample.
21. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of detecting the presence of an analyte in the recovered sample.
22. The method of claim 19 wherein the absorbent fibers are superabsorbent fibers.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein the absorbent granules are superabsorbent granules.