1. A method of providing an end-tidal gas value for a current breath comprising:
measuring a plurality of gas concentration values;
determining end-tidal gas values from the plurality of gas concentration values for a current breath and a previous breath which is previous to the current breath; and
reporting the end-tidal gas value for the current breath as a greater of one of: (a) a maximum gas concentration values observed during the current breath, and (b) an end-tidal gas value reported for the previous breath decreased by a maximum allowable breath-to-breath percent change.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a plurality of ventilation values, and wherein determining the end-tidal gas value is based, as least in part, on the ventilation values.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ventilation values measured are flow, volume, pressure, temperature, and humidity or any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the end-tidal gas value includes applying a mathematical relationship to the ventilation values and the gas concentration values.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas concentration values measured are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and anesthetic agents or any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a plurality of ventilation values;
determining the degree of ventilatory stability from the ventilation values; and
providing an estimate of reliability of the end-tidal gas values using the degree of ventilatory stability.
7. A method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a plurality of flow values;
determining a plurality of volume values from the flow values;
determining the degree of ventilatory stability from the flow values and volume values; and
providing an estimate of reliability of the end-tidal gas values using the degree of ventilatory stability.
8. An apparatus for improving reliability of an end-tidal gas value for a current breath comprising:
means for sensing a plurality of gas concentration values;
means for determining end-tidal values from the gas concentration values for a current breath and a previous breath which is previous to the current breath; and
means for reporting the end-tidal gas value for the current breath as a greater of one of: (a) a maximum gas concentration values observed during the current breath, and (b) an end-tidal gas value reported for the previous breath decreased by a maximum allowable breath-to-breath percent change.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising: means for sensing a plurality of ventilation values, and wherein the means for determining an end-tidal value determines the end-tidal gas value based, as least in part, on the ventilation values.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the means for determining the end-tidal gas value applies a mathematical relationship to the ventilation values and the gas concentration values.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the mathematical relationship is a power regression.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the gas concentration values measured are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and anesthetic agents or any combination thereof, and wherein the ventilation values measured are flow, volume, pressure, temperature, and humidity or any combination thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A tilt anvil assembly comprising:
a center rod;
a head assembly including a housing, a post, an anvil plate having staple deforming pockets, and a backup member, the head assembly being pivotally secured to the center rod and pivotal in relation to the center rod between a non-tilted position and a tilted position, wherein the backup member is movable about the post from a first position in which a portion of the backup member is positioned to prevent pivotal movement of the head assembly from the non-tilted position to the tilted position, to a second position in which the backup member is positioned to permit pivotal movement of the head assembly in relation to the center rod from the non-tilted position to the tilted position, and the head assembly further including a pivotal latch member which is urged by a biasing member into engagement with an inner peripheral surface of the backup member when the backup member is in the second position to prevent movement of the backup member from the second position to the first position.
2. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 1, wherein the head assembly is pivotally secured to the center rod about a pivot member, the pivotal latch member being pivotally mounted about the pivot member.
3. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pivotal latch member is configured to maintain engagement with the backup member when the head assembly moves from the non-tilted position to the tilted position such that movement of the backup member from its second position towards its first position is prevented.
4. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pivotal latch member is positioned to engage an inner periphery of the backup member when the backup member is in its first position.
5. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 4, further including a plunger which is urged by the biasing member into engagement with the pivotal latch member to urge the pivotal latch member into engagement with the backup member.
6. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 5, wherein the pivotal latch member includes a curved surface which is configured to eliminate any gap between the pivotal latch member and the backup member during movement of the head assembly from the first position to the second position.
7. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 1, further including a retainer member positioned in the head assembly to prevent movement of the backup member from the first position to the second position until a predetermined force has been applied to the backup member.
8. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 7, wherein the retainer member includes a deformable member which is positioned in the head assembly between the housing and the backup member.
9. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 8, wherein the housing and the post define an annular recess, the retainer member being positioned in the annular recess.
10. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 9, wherein the retainer member includes an annular body which is positioned about the post and a plurality of deformable tabs extending therefrom.
11. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 10, wherein the backup member is positioned to abut the retainer member such that upon movement of the backup member from its first position to its second position, the deformable tabs of the retainer member are deformed.
12. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 1, wherein the backup member includes a cutting ring and a backup plate, the cutting ring being secured to a proximal face of the backup plate.
13. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 12, wherein the backup plate includes at least one finger positioned to engage a surface of the center rod when the backup member is in its first position to prevent pivotal movement of the head assembly in relation to the center rod.
14. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 13, wherein the cutting ring is formed from a softer material than the backup plate.
15. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 14, wherein the cutting ring is formed from polyethylene and the backup plate is formed from a metal.
16. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined force is between about ten pounds and about ninety pounds.
17. A tilt anvil assembly according to claim 1, wherein the center rod defines a longitudinal axis and a pivot axis of the head assembly intersects the longitudinal axis of the center rod.