1. A process to prepare a residual base oil, the process comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a mineral bright stock waxy raffinate;
(b) combining the mineral bright stock waxy raffinate provided in step (a) with a catalytically dewaxed residual Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil to obtain a mixture; and
(c) solvent dewaxing the mixture obtained in (b) to obtain a residual base oil, wherein the weight ratio of the mineral bright stock waxy raffinate to the catalytically dewaxed residual Fischer-Trospch derived base oil in step (b) is in the range of from 75:25 to 35:65.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the mineral bright stock waxy raffinate is prepared using the following steps:
(aa) providing a mineral derived vacuum residue;
(bb) performing a de-asphalting step on the mineral derived vacuum residue to obtain a de-asphalted oil; and
(cc) solvent extracting the de-asphalted oil to obtain a residual aromatic extract and the mineral bright stock waxy raffinate.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the mineral bright stock waxy raffinate in step (a) has a kinematic viscosity at 100\xb0 C. from 20 to 50 mm2s, preferably from 30 to 50 mm2s, more preferably from 30 to 40 mm2s.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalytically dewaxed residual Fischer-Tropsch base oil in step (b) has a kinematic viscosity at 100\xb0 C. from 12 to 50 mm2s.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalytically dewaxed residual Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil in step (b) has a pour point of below 0\xb0 C.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalytically dewaxed residual Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil in step (b) has a cloud point of above 15\xb0 C.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the mixture obtained in step (b) comprises from 10 to 80 wt. %.
8. A residual base oil obtainable by the process according to claim 1.
9. The residual base oil according to claim 8, having a kinematic viscosity at 100\xb0 C. from 12 to 50 mm2s.
10. The residual base oil according to claim 8, having a viscosity index of greater than 95.
11. The residual base oil according to claim 8, having a pour point of below \u22125\xb0 C.
12. The residual base oil according to claim 8, having a cloud point of below \u221210\xb0 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel comprising:
a front substrate having a plurality of pairs of scan electrodes and common electrodes arranged in a horizontal direction,
said scan electrodes and said common electrodes comprising horizontally extending line electrodes and plane electrodes provided for corresponding unit light emitting pixels,
said plane electrodes of the said electrode and said common electrode in each unit light emitting pixel being separated from each other by a discharging gap, and
each of said plane electrodes having a first section located close to said discharging gap and a second section located remotely from said discharging gap;
a back substrate disposed to face said plane electrodes and having a plurality of vertically extending data electrodes,
said first section having a part overlapping said data electrode as viewed from above and parts extending horizontally from a part overlapping said data electrode, and
said second section having lateral parts extending vertically along lateral edges of said corresponding data electrode as viewed from above; and
partition walls arranged between said front substrate and said back substrate to form discharge spaces, said partition walls defining unit light emitting pixels of red, green and blue, discharge gas being introduced in said discharge spaces to generate ultraviolet rays.
2. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein edges of said first section are curved or intersect each other with an obtuse angle at corners thereof.
3. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein edges of said second section are curved or intersect each other with an obtuse angle at corners thereof.
4. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according claim 1, wherein the end part of said second section located opposite to said discharging gap is connected to said line electrode.
5. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said second section comprises a part projecting or extending vertically above said data electrode from said first section.
6. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said second section comprises parts extending in opposite directions from said lateral parts.
7. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 6, wherein said extending parts are connected to each other.
8. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said second section comprises an inclined part extending in a direction inclined relative to the vertical direction and connecting said lateral parts and a horizontal central part of said first section.
9. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said second section comprises an inclined part extending in a direction inclined relative to the vertical direction and connecting said lateral parts and horizontally opposite ends of said first section.
10. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said second section comprises a part connecting ends thereof located remotely from said discharging gap.
11. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said second section comprise an inclined part extending in a direction inclined relative to the vertical direction from said lateral parts to said line electrode so as to come closer.
12. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 11, wherein said inclined part is tapered toward said line electrode.
13. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 11, wherein said inclined part is connected to said line electrode at a position overlapping corresponding edges of said date electrode as viewed from above.
14. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 11, wherein said inclined part is connected to said line electrode at a position located at the transversal center of said data electrode.
15. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said partition walls are formed to extend in the vertical direction at positions located between said data electrodes.
16. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein
said partition walls comprises vertical sections extending in the vertical direction at positions located between said data electrodes and horizontal sections extending in the horizontal direction,
said partitions forming a lattice with said vertical sections and said horizontal sections, and
each of spaces defined by said vertical sections and said horizontal sections is used for said unit light emitting pixel.
17. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said line electrodes and said plane electrodes are made of a metal material.
18. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein said line electrodes are made of a metal material and said plane electrodes are made of a transparent material.
19. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein a distance between plane electrodes forming said discharging gap is made to vary continuously or discontinuously in the transversal direction of said plane electrodes.
20. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein both or either of the profile or the area of said first section and that of said second section are differentiated between the scan electrode and the common electrode.
21. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein both or either of the profile or the area of said first section and that of said second section are differentiated between the scan electrode and the common electrode in the unit light emitting pixels of red, those of green or those of blue, or in one or more unit light emitting pixels.
22. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, wherein each of said plane electrodes is made to overlap said data electrode at least at two positions along edges of said plane electrode that are outer edges of a pattern thereof.
23. The alternating current plane discharge type plasma display panel according to claim 1, further comprising an electrically conductive material connecting at least either said scan electrodes or said common electrodes between the horizontally adjacent unit light emitting pixels.