1. A water cooled burner andor injector panel kit for use in a melting furnace to cool a burner andor an injector, comprising:
a panel having first and second cooling water circuits and at least one orifice for mounting a burner andor an injector, each of the circuits extending through an interior of the panel between an inlet and an outlet; and
a removable flexible hose or rigid pipe adapted and configured to be reversibly connected to the outlet of the first circuit and to the inlet of the second circuit to allow water to flow, in order, into an inlet of the first circuit, through the first circuit, the removable hose or pipe, and the second circuit, and out of an outlet of the second circuit without leaking.
2. The burner andor injector panel kit of claim 1, wherein the panel includes one or more orifices accommodating one or more burners andor injectors.
3. A water cooled burner andor injector panel apparatus kit for use in a melting furnace, comprising:
a panel having first and second cooling water circuits and at least one orifice for mounting a burner andor an injector, each of the circuits extending through an interior of the panel between an inlet and an outlet;
a burner andor injector inserted in the at least one orifice; and
a removable flexible hose or rigid pipe adapted and configured to be reversibly connected to the outlet of the first circuit and to the inlet of the second circuit to allow water to flow, in order, into an inlet of the first circuit, through the first circuit, the removable pipe, and the second circuit, and out of an outlet of the second circuit without leaking.
4. A method of cooling the burner andor injector panel apparatus kit of claim 3 that is mounted on a side wall of an EAF or on a balcony panel of an EAF, comprising the step of connecting the first and second circuits in parallel to a source of cooling water without connecting the two circuits with the flexible hose or rigid pipe.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of connecting an inlet or outlet of one of the cooling circuits to an inlet or outlet of the other of the cooling circuits with a flexible hose or rigid pipe so that the cooling circuits are cooled in series.
6. A method of cooling the burner andor injector panel apparatus kit of claim 3 that is mounted on a side wall of an EAF or on a balcony panel of an EAF, comprising the steps of:
connecting the first and second circuits in series to a source of cooling water by connecting the inlet or outlet of one of the two circuits to the inlet or outlet of the other of the two circuits with the flexible hose or rigid pipe.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of disconnecting the flexible hose or rigid pipe and connecting the first and second circuits in parallel to a source of cooling water without connecting the two circuits with the flexible hose or rigid pipe.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compact Base Station (BS) in a wireless communication system, comprising:
a measurer for measuring a first signal strength while operating in a Mobile Station (MS) mode, the first signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals received from each of one or more neighbor BSs;
a receiver for receiving a second signal strength received from one or more MSs, the second signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals from each of the one or more neighbor BSs measured by the one or more MSs; and
a self-configuration controller for setting a target signal strength based on the first signal strength, for comparing the second signal strength with the target signal strength, and for controlling a transmit power of the compact BS based on the comparison result so that the second signal strength substantially reaches the target signal strength.
2. The compact BS of claim 1, wherein the self-configuration controller sets the target signal strength by adding a set value to a highest signal strength of the first signal strength, sets a highest signal strength of the second signal strength as a maximum signal strength, and controls the transmit power by comparing the maximum signal strength with the target signal strength.
3. The compact BS of claim 2, wherein the self-configuration controller decreases the transmit power, if the maximum signal strength is larger than the target signal strength and increases the transmit power, if the target signal strength is larger than the maximum signal strength.
4. The compact BS of claim 2, wherein the self-configuration controller controls the transmit power when the difference between the maximum signal strength and the target signal strength is equal to or greater than a preset margin.
5. The compact BS of claim 1, wherein the first signal strength or the second signal strength comprises at least one of a Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI), a Carrier-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (CINR), a Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and a Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR).
6. The compact BS of claim 1, further comprising a transmitter for transmitting a neighbor BS scan indication message to the one or more MSs.
7. The compact BS of claim 1, further comprising a noise measurer for measuring a thermal noise while operating in the MS mode.
8. The compact BS of claim 7, wherein the self-configuration controller selects a highest signal strength of the first signal strength and the measured thermal noise and sets the target signal strength by adding the set value to the selected highest value.
9. The compact BS of claim 1, wherein the MS mode is performed every preset period or is triggered by an event.
10. A method for setting a transmit power in a compact Base Station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
measuring a first signal strength while operating in a Mobile Station (MS) mode, the first signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals received from each of one or more neighbor BSs;
receiving a second signal strength received from one or more MSs the second signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals from each of the one or more neighbor BSs measured by the one or more MSs, after transitioning to a normal mode;
setting a target signal strength based on the first signal strength;
comparing the second signal strength with the target signal strength; and
controlling a transmit power of the compact BS based on the comparison result so that the second signal strength substantially reaches the target signal strength.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the setting of the target signal comprises:
selecting a highest signal strength of the first signal strength; and
setting the target signal strength by adding a set value to the selected highest signal strength.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the controlling of the transmit power comprises:
setting a highest signal strength of the second signal strength as a maximum signal strength; and
controlling the transmit power by comparing the maximum signal strength with the target signal strength.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the controlling of the transmit power comprises:
decreasing the transmit power, if the maximum signal strength is larger than the target signal strength; and
increasing the transmit power, if the target signal strength is larger than the maximum signal strength.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the controlling of the transmit power comprises controlling the transmit power when the difference between the maximum signal strength and the target signal strength is equal to or greater than a preset margin.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the first signal strength or second signal strength comprises at least one of a Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI), a Carrier-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (CINR), a Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and a Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR).
16. The method of claim 10, further comprising measuring a thermal noise while operating in the MS mode.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the setting of the target signal strength comprises:
selecting a highest signal strength of the first signal strength and the measured thermal noise; and
setting the target signal strength by adding the set value to the selected highest value.
18. The method of claim 10, further comprising transmitting a neighbor BS scan indication message to the one or more MSs.
19. A compact Base Station (BS) in a wireless communication system, comprising:
a measurer for measuring a first signal strength and a thermal noise while operating in a Mobile Station (MS) mode, the first signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals received from each of one or more neighbor BSs;
a receiver for receiving a second signal strength and a third signal strength received from one or more MSs, the third signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals from the compact BS measured by one or more MSs and the second signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals from the one or more BSs measured by one or more MSs; and
a self-configuration controller for calculating a first average by averaging the third signal strength, calculating a second average corresponding to an average noise of the one or more MSs based on the first signal strength and the thermal noise, for determining a difference between the first and second averages to be a power rise, for comparing the power rise with a target power rise, and for controlling the transmit power of the compact BS based on the comparison result, such that the power rise substantially reaches a target power rise.
20. The compact BS of claim 19, wherein the self-configuration controller calculates the first average by averaging the third signal strength received from each of the one or more MSs, in dBs.
21. The compact BS of claim 19, wherein the self-configuration controller estimates a shadowing at a location of the compact BS, compensates for the estimated shadowing in the first signal strength, and calculates the second average by adding the thermal noise and the shadowing-compensated signal strengths.
22. The compact BS of claim 21, wherein the self-configuration controller compensates for the shadowing by subtracting the estimated shadowing in dB from each signal strength of the first signal strength in dB.
23. The compact BS of claim 21, wherein the self-configuration controller calculates an average signal strength corresponding to the BS that affects the compact BS the most among the second signal strength and estimates the shadowing by subtracting the average from the signal strength of the BS that affects the compact BS the most, measured in the MS mode.
24. The compact BS of claim 23, wherein the self-configuration controller calculates the average by dB-averaging the signal strength of the BS that affects the compact BS the most among the second signal strength.
25. The compact BS of claim 19, wherein the self-configuration controller decreases the transmit power, if the power rise is larger than the target power rise, and increases the transmit power, if the power rise is less than the target power rise.
26. The compact BS of claim 19, wherein the first signal strength, the second signal strength, or the third signal strength comprises at least one of a Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI), a Carrier-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (CINR), a Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and a Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR).
27. An operation method in a compact Base Station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
measuring a first signal strength and a thermal noise while operating in Mobile Station (MS) mode, the first signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals received from each of one or more neighbor BSs;
receiving a second signal strength and a third signal strength received from one or more MSs, the third signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals from the compact BS measured by one or more MSs and the second signal strength corresponding to strengths of signals from the one or more BSs measured by one or more MSs;
calculating a first average by averaging the third signal strength;
calculating a second average corresponding to an average noise of the one or more MSs based on the first signal strength and the thermal noise;
determining a difference between the first and second averages to be a power rise;
comparing the power rise with a target power rise; and
controlling a transmit power of the compact BS based on the comparison result, such that the power rise substantially reaches a target power rise.
28. The operation method of claim 27, wherein the calculating of the first average comprises calculating the first average by dB-averaging the signal strength of a BS that affects the compact BS the most among the second signal strength.
29. The operation method of claim 27, wherein the calculating of the second average comprises:
estimating a shadowing at a location of the compact BS;
compensating for the estimated shadowing in the first signal strength; and
calculating the second average by adding the thermal noise and the shadowing-compensated signal strengths.
30. The operation method of claim 29, wherein the estimating of the shadowing comprises:
calculating an average of the signal strength of the BS that affects the compact BS the most among the second signal strength; and
estimating the shadowing by subtracting the average from the signal strength of the BS that affects the compact BS the most, measured in the MS mode.
31. The operation method of claim 30, wherein the average is a dB average.
32. The operation method of claim 29, wherein the compensating for the estimated shadowing comprises compensating the averaging by subtracting the estimated shadowing in dB from each signal strength of the first signal strengths in dB.
33. The operation method of claim 27, wherein the controlling of the transmit power comprises:
decreasing the transmit power, if the power rise is larger than the target power rise; and
increasing the transmit power, if the power rise is less than the target power rise.
34. The operation method of claim 27, wherein the first signal strength, the second signal strength, or the third signal strength comprises at least one of a Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI), a Carrier-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (CINR), a Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and a Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR).