1. A method of preparing silica nanoparticles from siliceous mudstone, comprising:
heat-treating siliceous mudstone to remove water;
leaching the sliceous mudstone with hydrochloric acid to remove impurities, thereby forming a silica constituent;
leaching the silica constituent with sodium hydroxide, thereby forming a sodium silicate aqueous solution;
passing the sodium silicate aqueous solution over an ion-exchange resin at a linear velocity of 2.0 to 0.5 cmsec to remove a sodium constituent from the sodium silicate aqueous solution, thereby producing a silicate aqueous solution having a sodium concentration of 50 ppm or less;
flame spray pyrolyzing the silicate aqueous solution with a flame reactor to prepare nanoparticles from the silicate aqueous solution, the nanoparticles having an average particle dimension of 9 to 57 nm, and the flame reactor including five tubes:
a first tube through which the silicate aqueous solution, which is aerosolized by high-pressure spraying a dispersed air in a proportion of 1 to 3% by volume of a flow quantity of the whole gas, is injected,
a second tube into which an argon gas flows by 7 to 8%,
a third tube into which a hydrogen gas flows by 3 to 14%,
a fourth tube into which an oxygen gas flows by 21 to 24%, and
a fifth tube into which an air flows by 55 to 63%; and
controlling the average particle dimension of the silica nanoparticles by varying the pressure of the dispersed air in the first tube from 0.5 to 2.0 kgfcm2.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the extraction efficiency of leaching the silica constituent with sodium hydroxide increases from 23% to 83% as the temperature increases from 25\xb0 C. to 100\xb0 C.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein, the rate of leaching the silica constituent with sodium hydroxide increases as the reaction time increases from 15 min to 90 min at a reaction temperature of 100\xb0 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A spacer, comprising:
a spacer main body; and
a coating layer encompassing the spacer main body and comprising a hyper branch polymer.
2. The spacer of claim 1, wherein the hyper branch polymer comprises a dendrimer.
3. The spacer of claim 2, wherein the dendrimer comprises:
a core part disposed at a central portion of the dendrimer;
a terminal part comprising an aliphatic group compound; and
a linking part connecting the core part with the terminal part.
4. The spacer of claim 2, wherein the dendrimer comprises:
a core part disposed at a central portion of the dendrimer;
a terminal part comprising an aromatic group compound; and
a linking part connecting the core part with the terminal part.
5. The spacer of claim 1, wherein the spacer main body comprises polystyrene.
6. The spacer of claim 1, wherein the spacer main body comprises an acrylic resin layer in contact with the coating layer.
7. The spacer of claim 1, wherein the spacer has a spherical shape.
8. A liquid crystal display (LCD) device, comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate facing the first substrate;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and
a spacer maintaining a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate,
wherein the spacer comprises:
a spacer main body; and
a coating layer encompassing the spacer main body and comprising a hyper branch polymer.
9. The LCD device of claim 8, wherein the hyper branch polymer comprises a dendrimer.
10. The LCD device of claim 9, wherein the first substrate comprises a first alignment layer;
the second substrate comprises a second alignment layer; and
the coating layer contacts at least one of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.
11. The LCD device of claim 10, wherein the first substrate further comprises a pixel electrode formed with a pixel electrode cut-off pattern therein;
the second substrate further comprises a common electrode formed with a common electrode cut-off pattern therein;
the liquid crystal layer adopts a vertical align (VA) mode; and
the dendrimer comprises a core part, a branch type linking part, and a terminal part, wherein the terminal part comprises an aliphatic group compound.
12. The LCD device of claim 10, wherein the liquid crystal layer adopts a twisted nematic (TN) mode; and
the dendrimer comprises a core part, a branch type linking part, and a terminal part, wherein the terminal part comprises an aromatic group compound.
13. The LCD device of claim 8, wherein the spacer has a spherical shape.
14. The LCD device of claim 8, wherein the spacer main body comprises polystyrene.
15. The LCD device of claim 8, wherein the spacer main body comprises an acrylic resin layer in contact with the coating layer.