1. A medicament containing at least one active ingredient which lowers the cholesterol level in the blood, comprising a means for releasing the active ingredient wherein the active ingredient is released with at least two different release rates, with a first release rate in a first period and with a second release rate, which is higher than the first release rate, in a subsequent second period, where the second period starts 2 to 12 hours after administration of the medicament, and where the means for releasing does not exclusively comprise an enteric coating.
2. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor andor an active ingredient from the class of fibrates.
3. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first period starts with administration of the medicament and lasts up to 10 hours.
4. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein not more than 20% by weight of the active ingredient of the medicament is released within the first period.
5. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first release rate is in the range from 0% active ingredient to 5% active ingredient and the second release rate is in the range from 6% to 100% active ingredient, in each case in a 10-minute interval.
6. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first release rate is not equal to 0, and the second release rate is at least twice as high as the first release rate.
7. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second period has a duration in the range from 15 minutes to 3 hours.
8. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second period has a duration in the range from 3 to 6 hours.
9. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least 50% by weight of the active ingredient of the medicament are released within the second period.
10. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active ingredient used comprises one or more HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors selected from the group consisting of fluvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, cerivastatin, nisvastatin, dolvastatin, bervastatin and rosuvastatin, enantiomers and enantiomer mixtures thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
11. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, comprising a time-controlled system of the explosion type, in which an active ingredient-containing core is provided with one or more layers, where at least one of the layers represents a water-insoluble layer, the active ingredient-containing core comprises a swellable excipient, and the higher second release rate is brought about by explosive destruction of the water-insoluble layer.
12. The medicament as claimed in claim 11, wherein one or more intermediate layers, at least one of which comprises a swellable excipient, are applied between the active ingredient-containing core and the water-insoluble layer.
13. The medicament as claimed in claim 11, wherein the swellable excipient comprises a disintegrant.
14. The medicament as claimed in claim 11, wherein the water-insoluble film comprises ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate, acrylate or mixtures of these polymers, and optionally one or more customary excipients.
15. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, which comprises a system of two different types of particles, which are coated in such a way that:
the active ingredient is released slowly in a first period, then active ingredient is released faster in a second period following directly thereon, the active ingredient is released slowly in a third period following directly thereon, and the active ingredient is released faster in a fourth period following directly thereon.
16. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, which comprises a system of two different types of particles with two different active ingredients, which are coated in such a way that:
both active ingredients are released slowly in a first period, one active ingredient continues to be released slowly, but the second active ingredient is released faster, in a second period following directly thereon, the first active ingredient continues to be released slowly, while the second active ingredient has already been essentially completely released, in a third period following directly thereon, and the first active ingredient is released faster in a fourth period following directly thereon.
17. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first period starts with administration of the medicament and lasts up to 10 hours.
18. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein not more than 20% by weight of the active ingredient of the medicament is released within the first period.
19. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first release rate is in the range from 0% active ingredient to 5% active ingredient and the second release rate is in the range from 6% to 100% active ingredient, in each case in a 10-minute interval.
20. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first release rate is not equal to 0, and the second release rate is at least twice as high as the first release rate.
21. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second period has a duration in the range from 15 minutes to 3 hours.
22. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second period has a duration in the range from 3 to 6 hours.
23. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least 50% by weight of the active ingredient of the medicament are released within the second period.
24. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, wherein the active ingredient used comprises one or more HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors selected from the group consisting of fluvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, cerivastatin, nisvastatin, dolvastatin, bervastatin and rosuvastatin, enantiomers and enantiomer mixtures thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
25. The medicament as claimed in claim 2, comprising a time-controlled system of the explosion type, in which an active ingredient-containing core is provided with one or more layers, where at least one of the layers represents a water-insoluble layer, the active ingredient-containing core comprises a swellable excipient, and the higher second release rate is brought about by explosive destruction of the water-insoluble layer.
26. The medicament as claimed in claim 25, wherein one or more intermediate layers, at least one of which comprises a swellable excipient, are applied between the active ingredient-containing core and the water-insoluble layer.
27. The medicament as claimed in claim 13, wherein the disintegrant is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked sodium carboxymethylstarch, crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, low-substituted sodium carboxymethylstarch, crosslinked PVP, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, starch and a highly swellable ion exchange resin.
28. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, which comprises a system of two different types of pellets or two different types of microtablets, which are coated in such a way that:
the active ingredient is released slowly in a first period, then active ingredient is released faster in a second period following directly thereon, the active ingredient is released slowly in a third period following directly thereon, and the active ingredient is released faster in a fourth period following directly thereon.
29. The medicament as claimed in claim 1, which comprises a system of two different types of pellets or two different types of microtablets with two different active ingredients, which are coated in such a way that:
both active ingredients are released slowly in a first period, one active ingredient continues to be released slowly, but the second active ingredient is released faster, in a second period following directly thereon, the first active ingredient continues to be released slowly, while the second active ingredient has already been essentially completely released, in a third period following directly thereon, and the first active ingredient is released faster in a fourth period following directly thereon.
30. The medicament as claimed in claim 15, wherein the active ingredient is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor andor an active ingredient from the class of fibrates.
31. The medicament as claimed in claim 16, wherein the active ingredient is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor andor an active ingredient from the class of fibrates.
32. The medicament as claimed in claim 28, wherein the active ingredient is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor andor an active ingredient from the class of fibrates.
33. The medicament as claimed in claim 29, wherein the active ingredient is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor andor an active ingredient from the class of fibrates.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a pixel having a first region and a second region, wherein the pixel comprises:
a pixel electrode;
a common electrode facing the pixel electrode; and
an alignment layer formed on at least one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode,
wherein the alignment layer has different thicknesses in a first region and a second region, and a voltage ratio of the second region to the first region is about 0.1 to 0.95.
2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the voltage ratio of the second region to the first region is about 0.5 to 0.9.
3. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein a thickness ratio of the alignment layer in the second region to the alignment layer in the first region is about 0.1 to 0.95.
4. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the alignment layer comprises an inorganic alignment layer.
5. The liquid crystal display of claim 4, wherein the inorganic alignment layer comprises at least one of amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or fluorinated diamond-like carbon.
6. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein an area ratio of the first region to the second region is about 1:1 to about 1:3.
7. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, further comprising a first incline determination member formed on the pixel electrode.
8. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, further comprising a second incline determination member formed on the common electrode.
9. The liquid crystal display of claim 8, wherein the first and second incline determination members have a cutout having a slanting portion.
10. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a pixel having a first region and a second region,
wherein the pixel comprises
a pixel electrode;
a common electrode facing the pixel electrode; and
an inorganic alignment layer formed on at least one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode,
wherein the inorganic alignment layer has different thicknesses in a firs region and a second region.
11. The liquid crystal display of claim 10, wherein a thickness ratio of the inorganic alignment layer in the first region to the inorganic alignment layer in the second region is about b 0.1 to 0.95.
12. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display, the method comprising:
forming a gate line having a gate electrode on a first substrate;
depositing a gate insulating layer on the first substrate;
forming a semiconductor on the gate insulating layer;
forming a data line and a drain electrode on the semiconductor and the gate insulating layer;
forming a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode; and
forming an inorganic alignment layer having first and second portions on the pixel electrode, the first and second portions having different thicknesses from each other.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
forming a light blocking member on a second substrate;
forming a color filter on the second substrate;
forming a common electrode on the light blocking member and the color filter; and
forming an inorganic alignment layer having first and second portions having different thicknesses from each other on the common electrode.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein a thickness ratio of the second portion to the first portion is about 0.1 to 0.95.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein a thickness ratio of the second portion to the first portion is about 0.1 to 0.95.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein forming the inorganic alignment layer comprises depositing an inorganic material by chemical vapor deposition.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein forming the inorganic alignment layer comprises:
depositing an inorganic material having a first thickness on the entire pixel electrode; and
depositing the inorganic material having a second thickness on at least one portion of the pixel electrode.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein a ratio of a sum of the first and second thicknesses to the first thickness is about 0.1 to 0.95.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein forming the inorganic alignment layer comprises:
depositing an inorganic material having a first thickness on the entire pixel electrode; and
etching a portion having a second thickness from the deposited inorganic material having the first thickness.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein a ratio of a difference between the first and second thicknesses to the first thickness is about 0.1 to 0.95.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the etching is performed using a laser.
22. The method of claim 12, wherein the inorganic alignment layer comprises at least one of amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or fluorinated diamond-like carbon.
23. The method of claim 12, wherein an area ratio of the first portion to the second portion is about 1:1 to about 1:3.