1. A power window apparatus with a pinch detecting function comprising:
a motor that opens and closes a window through a window driving mechanism;
a pulse generator that outputs pulse signals corresponding to a rotation of the motor;
a switch device that outputs switch signals to manually open and close the window; and
a control unit that generates control signals for controlling the motor according to the pulse signals and the switch signals,
wherein, when the window is operated to be closed by the switch device, the control unit determines whether a pinching occurs in the window, and when it is determined that the pinching occurs in the window, the control unit performs a process required for avoiding the pinching,
the control unit does not determine whether the pinching occurs in the window in a start cancellation period from the time when the motor is started to the time when the number of revolutions of the motor reaches a stable point,
the control unit includes a backlash-detecting member that detects a backlash of a driving system having the window driving mechanism, and determines whether a backlash over a predetermined value exists in the driving system on the basis of input from the backlash-detecting member,
when it is determined that the backlash over the predetermined value exists in the driving system, the control unit sets a termination time of the start cancellation period on the basis of the time when the peak of the number of revolutions of the motor is detected, and
when it is determined that the backlash over the predetermined value does not exist in the driving system, the time when the rate of change of the number of revolutions of the motor reaches a predetermined value or the time when the rate of change of the motor input ratio reaches a predetermined value is set to the termination time of the start cancellation period.
2. The power window apparatus with a pinch detecting function according to claim 1,
wherein, when the backlash over the predetermined value exists in the driving system, a period from the time when the peak of the number of revolutions of the motor is detected to the time when the number of revolutions of the motor reaches the stable point is obtained in advance, and the time passed from the detection of the peak of the number of revolutions of the motor to the previously obtained time is set as the termination time of the start cancellation period.
3. A power window apparatus with a pinch detecting function comprising:
a motor that opens and closes a window through a window driving mechanism;
a pulse generator that outputs pulse signals corresponding to a rotation of the motor;
a switch device that outputs switch signals to manually open and close the window; and
a control unit that generates control signals for controlling the motor according to the pulse signals and the switch signals,
wherein, when the window is operated to be closed by the switch device, the control unit determines whether a pinching occurs in the window, and when it is determined that the pinching occurs in the window, the control unit performs a process required for avoiding the pinching,
the control unit does not determine whether the pinching occurs in the window in a start cancellation period from the time when the motor is started to the time when the number of revolutions of the motor reaches a stable point,
the control unit computes a motor output ratio from the start time of the motor to determine whether a backlash over a predetermined value exists in a driving system including the window driving mechanism and the motor by comparing the computed output ratio with a predetermined threshold value of the output ratio obtained in advance, and detects the number of revolutions of the motor,
when it is determined that the computed output ratio of the motor is higher than the predetermined threshold value of the output ratio, the control unit determines that the backlash over the predetermined value exists in the driving system, and sets a termination time of the start cancellation period on the basis of the time when the peak of the number of revolutions of the motor is detected, and
when it is determined that the backlash over the predetermined value does not exist in the driving system, the time when the rate of change of the number of revolutions of the motor reaches a predetermined value or the time when the rate of change of a motor input ratio reaches a predetermined value is set to the termination time of the start cancellation period.
4. The power window apparatus with a pinch detecting function according to claim 3,
wherein the control unit varies the predetermined threshold value of the output ratio according to an input voltage value of the motor.
5. The power window apparatus with a pinch detecting function according to claim 3,
wherein, when the backlash over the predetermined value exists in the driving system, a period from the time when the peak of the number of revolutions of the motor is detected to the time when the number of revolutions of the motor reaches the stable point is obtained in advance, and the time passed from the detection of the peak of the number of revolutions of the motor to the previously obtained time is set as the termination time of the start cancellation period.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A crystal of pantothenate synthetase (PS) having a monoclinic space group P21 and unit cell dimensions of a66.00.2 , b78.10.2 , c77.10.2 and 103.70.2.
2. A crystal of PS having the three dimensional atomic coordinates of Table 1.
3. A method for crystallizing a selenium atom PS derivative which comprises producing PS by recombinant production in a bacterial host in the presence of selenomethionine, recovering a selenium atom PS derivative from the host and growing crystals from the recovered selenium atom PS derivative.
4. A method for identifying a potential inhibitor of PS comprising the steps of:
a. employing a three-dimensional structure of PS, or at least one sub-domain thereof, to characterise at least one PS active site, said three-dimensional structure being defined by atomic coordinate data according to Table 1; and
b. identifying said potential inhibitor by designing or selecting a compound for interaction with said active site.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein step b. involves selecting said compound by computationally screening a database of compounds for interaction with said active site.
6. A method according to claim 4, comprising the further steps of:
c. obtaining or synthesising said potential inhibitor; and
d. contacting said potential inhibitor with PS to determine the ability of said potential inhibitor to interact with PS.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein in step c. said potential inhibitor is contacted with PS in the presence of a substrate to determine the ability of said potential inhibitor to inhibit PS.
8. A method according to claim 4, comprising the further steps of:
c. obtaining or synthesising said potential inhibitor;
d. forming a complex of PS and said potential inhibitor; and
e. analysing said complex by X-ray crystallography to determine the ability of said potential inhibitor to interact with PS.
9. A compound identified as an inhibitor of PS by the method of claim 4.
10. A method of forming a potential inhibitor of PS comprising the steps of:
a. employing a three-dimensional structure of PS, or at least one sub-domain thereof, to characterise a plurality of PS active sites, said three-dimensional structure being defined by atomic coordinate data according to Table 1;
b. designing or selecting respective compounds for interaction with said active sites; and
c. forming said potential inhibitor by linking said respective compounds into a larger compound which maintains the relative positions and orientations of said respective compounds at said active sites.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein step b. involves selecting said compounds by computationally screening a database of compounds for interaction with said active site.
12. A method according to claim 10, comprising the further steps of:
d. obtaining or synthesising said potential inhibitor; and
e. contacting said potential inhibitor with PS to determine the ability of said potential inhibitor to interact with PS.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein in step d. said potential inhibitor is contacted with PS in the presence of a substrate to determine the ability of said potential inhibitor to inhibit PS.
14. A method according to claim 10, comprising the further steps of:
d. obtaining or synthesising said potential inhibitor;
e. forming a complex of PS and said potential inhibitor; and
f. analysing said complex by X-ray crystallography to determine the ability of said potential inhibitor to interact with PS.
15. A compound identified as an inhibitor of PS by the method of claim 10.
16. A method of analysing a PS-ligand complex comprising the steps of:
a. employing (i) X-ray crystallographic diffraction data from said PS-ligand complex and (ii) a three-dimensional structure of PS, or at least one sub-domain thereof, to generate a difference Fourier electron density map of the complex, the three-dimensional structure being defined by atomic coordinate data according to Table 1; and
b. analysing said difference Fourier electron density map.
17. A computer readable medium with atomic data according to Table 1 recorded thereon, said data defining the three-dimensional structure of PS or at least one sub-domain thereof.
18. A computer readable medium with structure factor data for PS recorded thereon, the structure factor data being derivable from the atomic coordinate data of Table 1.
19. A computer system containing atomic coordinate data according to Table 1, said data defining the three-dimensional structure of PS or at least one sub-domain thereof, and the system being intended to generate structures andor perform rational drug design for PS or PS ligand complexes.
20. A computer system containing structure factor data for PS, said structure factor data being derivable from the atomic coordinate data of Table 1, and the system being intended to generate structures andor perform rational drug design for PS or PS ligand complexes.