1. A method for removing hydrocarbons from a gaseous stream emitted from a fuel tank during refueling of a motor vehicle, device or appliance with a hydrocarbon-based fuel consuming engine, comprising:
installing a filter in a flow path established between the fuel tank and an exhaust from the fuel tank, wherein said filter comprises two or more foam blocks aligned in stacked relation within a canister, and wherein the foam forming said blocks has a pore count between about 45 and 300 pores per inch and has been coated with an adsorbent particle coating, and further wherein each foam block defines at least one channel having a channel axis extending in the direction of the flow path formed therein through which a gas may flow and said channels of adjacent foam blocks are substantially axially aligned.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer network has an air permeability of 0.1 to 20 inches water pressure drop.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the foam is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyurethane foam, polyester polyurethane foam and melamine foam.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the foam is reticulated before the coating is applied.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of activated carbons, silicas, silicates, aluminosilicates, filter agents, molecular sieves, flame retardants, electrically conductive materials, antimicrobial additives, germicides, pigments and colorants.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said filter has a butane working capacity (WW%) of at least 8.0 percent.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the foam has a pore count of from 45 to 80 pores per inch.
8. A system for extracting evaporative hydrocarbon emissions from a motorized vehicle, device or appliance, comprising:
a housing defining an inner chamber;
an inlet through which a gas stream containing a hydrocarbon enters the inner chamber;
an outlet from which a gas stream exits the inner chamber; and
a filter in the inner chamber, said filter comprising two or more foam blocks that are aligned in stacked relation within the inner chamber, wherein the foam forming said blocks has a pore count between about 45 and 300 pores per inch and has been coated with an adsorbent particle coating, and further wherein each foam block defines at least one channel having a channel axis extending in the direction of the flow path formed therein through which a portion of the gas stream may flow and said channels of adjacent foam blocks are substantially axially aligned.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the foam has an air permeability of 0.1 to 20 inches water pressure drop.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein the foam is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyurethane foam, polyester polyurethane foam and melamine foam.
11. The system of claim 8, wherein the foam is reticulated before the coating is applied.
12. The system of claim 8, wherein the coating comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of activated carbons, silicas, silicates, aluminosilicates, filter agents, molecular sieves, flame retardants, electrically conductive materials, antimicrobial additives, germicides, pigments and colorants.
13. The system of claim 8, wherein said filter has a butane working capacity (WW%) of at least 8.0 percent.
14. The system of claim 8, wherein the foam has a pore count of from 45 to 80 pores per inch.
15. The system of claim 8, wherein the housing has a generally cylindrical shape which tapers from a larger cylindrical diameter at or near one end to a smaller cylindrical diameter at or near the other end.
16. The system of claim 8, wherein the foam blocks have cylindrical diameters.
17. The system of claim 8, wherein the foam blocks have substantially equal cylindrical diameters.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein the foam blocks have cylindrical diameters, and the cylindrical diameter of the foam blocks is larger than the smaller cylindrical diameter of the housing.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus to provide suction to a wound site comprising:
a top layer constructed from a liquid impermeable material;
a bottom layer constructed from a liquid impermeable material;
a 3D knitted or 3D fabric material located between the top and bottom layers;
an aperture in the bottom layer in fluid communication with the 3D knitted or 3D fabric material; and
an elongate channel extending between the top and bottom layers containing the 3D knitted or 3D fabric material, wherein the top layer, the bottom layer, and the 3D knitted or 3D fabric material include enlarged distal ends with the channel extending in a proximal direction away from the enlarged distal ends, and wherein the 3D knitted or 3D fabric material is in fluid communication with a dual-lumen tube incorporating an air leak at a proximal portion thereof.
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22. A suction adapter suitable to treat a wound site with negative pressure, comprising:
an applicator having an upper surface and a lower surface; and
a bridge having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end of the bridge connected to the upper surface of the applicator, the bridge comprising:
an upper fluid passage connected to an air leak;
a lower fluid passage in fluid communication with a source of negative pressure, the lower fluid passage comprising a 3D knitted material.
23. The suction adapter of claim 22, wherein the upper fluid passage comprises foam.
24. The suction adapter of claim 22, wherein the bridge further comprises a top layer, a bottom layer and an intermediate layer, each of the layers having proximal ends and distal ends and elongate portions extending therebetween, wherein the upper fluid passage extends between the top and intermediate layers, and the lower fluid passage extends between the intermediate and bottom layers.
25. The suction adapter of claim 22, further comprising an air leak disposed at a proximal end of the bridge.
26. The suction adapter of claim 22, wherein the 3D knitted material comprises a fabric layer with a thickness between 1.5 mm and 6 mM.
27. The suction adapter of claim 22, wherein the 3D knitted material comprises a top knitted layer, a bottom knitted layer and a middle area comprising vertically extending fibers.
28. The suction adapter of claim 22, wherein the distal end of the bridge has an enlarged shape.
29. The suction adapter of claim 22, wherein the lower fluid passage comprising the 3D knitted material is able to resist compression to less than half of its original thickness when subjected to a load of 15 psi.
30. A negative pressure wound treatment system, comprising:
a suction adapter adapted to treat a wound site with negative pressure, comprising:
an applicator having an upper surface and a lower surface, and
a bridge having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end of the bridge connected to the upper surface of the applicator, the bridge comprising:
an upper fluid passage connected to an air leak; and
a lower fluid passage in fluid communication with a source of negative pressure, the lower fluid passage comprising a 3D knitted material; and
a flexible drape configured to be positioned over a wound and sealed to skin surrounding the wound,
wherein the suction adapter is configured to attach to the drape and surround at least one aperture formed in the drape.
31. The system of claim 30, further comprising a vacuum pump connected by at least one conduit to the suction adapter.
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54. The negative pressure wound treatment system of claim 30, wherein the upper fluid passage comprises foam.
55. The negative pressure wound treatment system of claim 30, wherein the bridge further comprises a top layer, a bottom layer and an intermediate layer, each of the layers having proximal ends and distal ends and elongate portions extending therebetween, wherein the upper fluid passage extends between the top and intermediate layers, and the lower fluid passage extends between the intermediate and bottom layers.
56. The negative pressure wound treatment system of claim 30, further comprising an air leak disposed at a proximal end of the bridge.
57. The negative pressure wound treatment system of claim 30, wherein the 3D knitted material comprises a fabric layer with a thickness between 1.5 mm and 6 mm.
58. The negative pressure wound treatment system of claim 30, wherein the 3D knitted material comprises a top knitted layer, a bottom knitted layer and a middle area comprising vertically extending fibers.
59. The negative pressure wound treatment system of claim 30, wherein the distal end of the bridge has an enlarged shape.
60. The negative pressure wound treatment system of claim 30, wherein the lower fluid passage comprising the 3D knitted material is able to resist compression to less than half of its original thickness when subjected to a load of 15 psi.
61. An apparatus to provide suction to a wound site comprising:
a top layer constructed from a liquid impermeable material;
a bottom layer constructed from a liquid impermeable material;
a 3D knitted or 3D fabric material located between the top and bottom layers;
an aperture in the bottom layer in fluid communication with the 3D knitted or 3D fabric material;
an elongate channel extending between the top and bottom layers containing the 3D knitted or 3D fabric material, wherein the top layer, the bottom layer, and the 3D knitted or 3D fabric material include enlarged distal ends with the channel extending in a proximal direction away from the enlarged distal ends; and
an air leak comprising a plurality of discrete air channels.