1. A method for treating a neurobehavioral disorder or at least one symptom of such neurobehavioral disorder comprising of administering to a mammal afflicted with a neurobehavioral disorder or symptom thereof a therapeutically effective amount for treating such condition of an Isoindole derivative compound of the formula I:
wherein:
n is 1;
R1 and R2 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl and lower alkoxy;
R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl and lower alkoxy;
X and Y are each independently a member selected from the group consiting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and haloalkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, addition compound or pro-drug thereof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula I is mazindol.
3. The method of treating a neurobehavioral disorder, or at least one symptom of such disorder, in an individual in need thereof which is the result of dysfunction of the tri-monoamine modulating system by the simultaneous action with relatively equal inhibitory effect on all three monoamines comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a compound according to formula I:
wherein:
n is 1;
R1 and R2 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl and lower alkoxy;
R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl and lower alkoxy;
X and Y are each independently a member selected from the group consiting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and haloalkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, addition compound or pro-drug thereof.
4. A method for treating a neurobehavioral disorder, or a behavioral symptom of a neurobehavioral disorder, comprising administering to a mammal afflicted with the neurobehavioral disorder a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or simultaneous combination of compounds, that affects the trimonoamine modulating system by producing a simultaneous and relatively equal inhibitory effect on all three monoamine transporters in the trimonoamine modulating system.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the neurobehavioral disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder, or a behavioral symptom of such disorder.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the neurobehavioral disorder is selected from the group consisting of an autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, an anxiety disorder, a movement disorder, an impulse control disorder, a personality disorder, a reward deficiency disorder, a somatoform disorder, a dementia disorder and an obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder, or a symptom of such a disorder.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound has a Ki at the serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in a ratio not greater than 50:1 for any given transporter relative to the other two transporters.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said compound has an IC50 at the serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in a ratio not greater than 50:1 for any given transporter relative to the other two transporters.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the compound is administered in conjunction with at least one second drug compound selected from the group consisting of adrenergics, adrenocortical steroids, adrenocortical suppressants, aldosterone antagonists, amino acids, analeptics, analgesics, anorectic compounds, anorexics, anti-anxiety agents, antidepressants, antihypertensives, anti-inflammatorys, antinauseants, antineutropenics, antiobsessional agents, antiparkinsonians, antipsychotics, appetite suppressants, blood glucose regulators, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cardiotonics, cardiovascular agents, choleretics, cholinergics, cholinergic agonists, cholinesterase deactivators, cognition adjuvants, cognition enhancers, hormones, memory adjuvants, mental performance enhancers, mood regulators, neuroleptics, neuroprotectives, psychotropics, relaxants, sedative-hypnotics, serotonin antagonists, serotonin inhibitors, serotonin receptor antagonists, stimulants, thyroid hormones, thyroid inhibitors, thyromimetics, cerebral ischemia agents, vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the compound of formula 1 is administered in the form of a pro-drug.
11. A method for the prevention andor curative treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD) or at least one of the symptoms associated with ADHD comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of mazindol.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the patient is an infant, child, adolescent or adult.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the adimistration is oral, anal, parenteral, intramuscular or intravenous.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the at least one symptom is selected from the group consisting of inattention, impulsivity, impatience, diurnal or noctournal hyperactivity, insomnia and restless legs syndrome.
15. The method according to claim 11, wherein mazindol is administered in a daily dose between 1 and 2 mg.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment, comprising:
a memory for temporarily accumulating a low-order group signal,
a multiplexing circuit for multiplexing an output signal output by said memory with an overhead bit necessary for optical digital transmission, and
a pattern generation circuit for generating an unfixed pattern having no fixed value and outputting the pattern to said multiplexing circuit.
2. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 1, wherein
said unfixed pattern is applied to said multiplexing circuit while said memory outputs a fixed pattern.
3. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 1, further comprising
a selection circuit connected between said multiplexing circuit and said memory, wherein
between said fixed pattern output by said memory and said unfixed pattern output by said pattern generation circuit, said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern.
4. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 3, further comprising
a phase comparator for outputting a reset signal which resets said memory based on a phase difference between a phase of write to said memory and a phase of read from the memory, wherein
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal.
5. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 3, further comprising
a phase comparator for comparing a phase difference between a phase of write to said memory and a phase of read from the memory and when said phase difference is larger than a set value set in advance, outputting a reset signal which resets said memory, wherein
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal.
6. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 4, further comprising
a reset signal detection circuit for outputting a switching signal based on a read address signal applied to said memory from when said memory is reset until when a signal first written into said memory is read from said memory, wherein
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal and said switching signal.
7. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 4, further comprising
a reset signal detection circuit for detecting said reset signal, wherein
a read address signal applied to said memory is also applied to said reset signal detection circuit,
said reset signal detection circuit outputs a switching signal based on said read address signal from when said memory is reset until when a signal first written into said memory is read from said memory, and
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal and said switching signal.
8. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 6, further comprising
a determination circuit and an OR circuit, wherein
said determination circuit is provided between said OR circuit and an input side of said memory,
said determination circuit outputs a switch signal when a signal written into said memory has a fixed pattern for a set time,
to said OR circuit, said switching signal and said switch signal are applied, and
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said switch signal in addition to said reset signal and said switching signal.
9. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 1, wherein
said unfixed pattern is a random pattern.
10. A circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment, comprising:
a memory for temporarily storing data,
a multiplexing circuit for multiplexing a signal output by said memory with an overhead bit necessary for optical digital transmission,
a pattern generation circuit for generating an unfixed pattern having no fixed value and outputting the pattern to said multiplexing circuit,
an EO conversion unit for converting a signal output by said multiplexing circuit into an optical signal,
an optical fiber for transmitting an optical signal output by said EO conversion unit, and
an OE conversion unit for converting an optical signal output by said optical fiber into an electric signal, wherein
while said memory outputs a fixed pattern, the unfixed pattern is applied to said multiplexing circuit.
11. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 10, wherein
said unfixed pattern is a random pattern.
12. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 10, further comprising
a selection circuit connected between said multiplexing circuit and said memory, wherein
between said fixed pattern output by said memory and said unfixed pattern output by said pattern generation circuit, said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern.
13. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 12, further comprising
a phase comparator for outputting a reset signal which resets said memory based on a phase difference between a phase of write to said memory and a phase of read from the memory, wherein
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal.
14. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 12, further comprising
a phase comparator for comparing a phase difference between a phase of write to said memory and a phase of read from the memory and when said phase difference is larger than a set value set in advance, outputting a reset signal which resets said memory, wherein
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal.
15. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 13, further comprising
a reset signal detection circuit for outputting a switching signal based on a read address signal applied to said memory from when said memory is reset until when a signal first written into said memory is read from said memory, wherein
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal and said switching signal.
16. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 13, further comprising
a reset signal detection circuit for detecting said reset signal, wherein
a read address signal applied to said memory is also applied to said reset signal detection circuit,
said reset signal detection circuit outputs a switching signal based on said read address signal from when said memory is reset until when a signal first written into said memory is read from said memory, and
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said reset signal and said switching signal.
17. The circuit for preventing transmission of a fixed pattern of an optical digital transmission equipment according to claim 15, further comprising
a determination circuit and an OR circuit, wherein
said determination circuit is provided between said OR circuit and an input side of said memory,
said determination circuit outputs a switch signal when a signal written into said memory has a fixed pattern for a set time,
to said OR circuit, said switching signal and said switch signal are applied, and
said selection circuit selects said unfixed pattern based on said switch signal in addition to said reset signal and said switching signal.