1. A method comprising:
automatically generating an output signal responsive to an input signal, said input signal indicative of an arc fault, said output signal configured to cause an electrical circuit to open, said output signal generated responsive to a derived signal based upon a first threshold having a first amplitude, said first threshold changed from said first amplitude to a second amplitude if a predetermined percentage of historical sampled values of a measured electrical parameter are within a predetermined range during a predetermined time period, said second amplitude for said first threshold based upon an average of a predetermined count of said historical sampled values of said measured electrical parameter.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
terminating a potential change of said first threshold responsive to a determination that an arc fault determination algorithm is operational.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining said input signal.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mixing said input signal with an oscillating carrier.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mixing said input signal with an oscillating carrier; and
filtering said mixed signal.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mixing said input signal with an oscillating carrier;
filtering said mixed signal; and
amplifying said filtered signal.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mixing said input signal with an oscillating carrier;
filtering said mixed signal;
amplifying said filtered signal; and
measuring an energy magnitude of said amplified signal.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining said derived signal.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
changing said first threshold only when a predetermined variation measure associated with said predetermined count of historical sampled values is below a second threshold.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
restarting an activity configured to change said first threshold after a predetermined time period.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing each of said historical sampled values of said measured electrical parameter.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
checking a sampled value of said measured electrical parameter to determine if said sampled value is within said predetermined range.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
automatically changing a second threshold, having a third amplitude, said second threshold changed from said third amplitude to a fourth amplitude if said predetermined percentage of historical sampled values of said measured electrical parameter are within said predetermined range during said predetermined time period, said fourth amplitude for said second threshold based upon said average of said predetermined count of said historical sampled values of said measured electrical parameter.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said second amplitude is determined by adding a predetermined voltage value to a sampled average of said predetermined count of historical sampled values of said measured electrical parameter.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for forming a fuser member, comprising:
providing a substrate, wherein the substrate is a heat-resistant resin;
treating the substrate with a catecholamine coating solution to form a polycatecholamine layer;
electroless plating a thin metallized layer on the polycatecholamine layer by immersing the treated substrate into an electroless metal plating solution, wherein the polycatecholamine layer comprises a polymer product obtained from copolymerization of the catecholamine and an aminosilane coupling agent; and
electroplating the pre-metallized substrate in a metal plating solution to form a uniform metal layer on the thin metallized layer.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the catecholamine is selected from the group consisting of dopamine, norepinephrine, dihydroxyphenylalanine, polydopamine, and mixtures thereof.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the aminosilane coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyltrialkoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldialkoxymethylsilane, aminoethylaminopropyltrialkoxysilane, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkoxy is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, and propoxy.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the catecholamine coating solution possesses a pH value of from about 2 to about 10.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the electroless plating solution comprises an electroless platable metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, and silver.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the electroless plating solution further comprises a reducing agent.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of hypophosphite, a hydrazine compound, an aldehyde compound, hydrogen borate, hydroxylamine, and a borane compound.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the electroless plating is repeated to form a thin metallized layer comprising a first metal being silver and a second metal being selected from the group consisting of copper and nickel.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein the plating solution for electroplating comprises a platable metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, and cobalt.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein the resin comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimide, an aromatic polyimide, polyether imide, polyphthalamide, and polyester.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein the thin metallized layer formed by the electroless plating has a thickness of from about 5 nanometers to about 3000 nanometers.
12. The process of claim 1, wherein the uniform metal layer has a thickness of from about 5 micrometers to about 100 micrometers.
13. A process for forming a fuser member, comprising:
providing a polyimide substrate;
treating the polyimide substrate with a polymer solution comprising a dopamine compound and an aminosilane coupling agent, to form a polydopamine layer;
immersing the treated substrate into an electroless metal plating solution to form a thin metallized layer on the polydopamine layer; and
electroplating the substrate to form a uniform metal layer on the thin metallized layer.
14. The process of claim 13, wherein the uniform metal layer comprises an electroplated copper layer with a thickness of from about 5 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, and an electroplated nickel layer with a thickness of from about 5 micrometers to about 50 micrometers.
15. The process of claim 13 further including depositing, in sequence, a first adhesive layer over the uniform metal layer, an elastic layer comprised of a silicone polymer over the adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer over the elastic layer, and an outmost releasing layer comprised of a fluoropolymer over the second adhesive layer, the fluoropolymer further comprising a monomeric repeat unit that is selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkylvinylether, and mixtures thereof.