1. A method, comprising:
providing a software application comprising at least two purchase options;
publishing the software application to an online application store; and
based on whether or not a user is a subscriber, selecting an individual one of the purchase options for displaying to the user.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising recording receipt data pertaining to a purchase option selected by the user in response to the individual one of the purchase options displayed to the user.
3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising verifying a validity of a transaction in which the individual one of the purchase options displayed to the user is selected.
4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising determining the selection of the user.
5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising delivering the selection to the user.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the software application comprising at least two purchase options is provided in response to offering a free application.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein selecting an individual one of the purchase options for displaying to the user when the user is a subscriber comprises offering an option at a discounted price relative to a non-subscriber.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein selecting an individual one of the purchase options for displaying to the user when the user is a subscriber comprises bundling an option to an operator bill of the subscriber.
9. A computer readable memory storing a set of executable instructions, the computer readable memory comprising:
code for providing a software application comprising at least two purchase options;
code for publishing the software application to an online application store; and
code for selecting an individual one of the purchase options for displaying to a user based on whether or not the user is a subscriber.
10. The computer readable memory according to claim 9, further comprising code for recording receipt data pertaining to a purchase option selected by the user in response to the individual one of the purchase options displayed to the user.
11. The computer readable memory according to claim 10, further comprising code for verifying a validity of a transaction upon selection of the individual one of the purchase options displayed to the user.
12. The computer readable memory according to claim 9, further comprising code for offering a free application in response to providing the software application comprising at least two purchase options.
13. The computer readable memory according to claim 9, further comprising code for offering an option at a discounted price relative to a non-subscriber when the user is a subscriber.
14. The computer readable memory according to claim 9, further comprising code for bundling an option to an operator bill of the subscriber when the user is a subscriber.
15. An apparatus comprising at least one memory storing a set of computer executable instructions and at least one processor, wherein the memory with the set of computer executable instructions is configured with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least:
provide a software application comprising at least two purchase options;
publish the software application to an online application store; and
select an individual one of the purchase options for displaying to a user based on whether or not the user is a subscriber.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the memory is further configured to cause the apparatus to record receipt data pertaining to a purchase option selected by the user in response to the individual one of the purchase options displayed to the user.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the memory is further configured to cause the apparatus to verify a validity of a transaction upon selection of the individual one of the purchase options displayed to the user.
18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the memory is further configured to cause the apparatus to offer a free application in response to providing at least two purchase options.
19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the memory is further configured to cause the apparatus to offer an option at a discounted price relative to a non-subscriber when the user is a subscriber.
20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the memory is further configured to cause the apparatus to bundle an option to an operator bill of the subscriber when the user is a subscriber.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for preparing a reaction product comprising 5-methyl-N-aryl-2-pyrrolidone (III), 5-methyl-N-cycloalkyl-2-pyrrolidone (IV), or a mixture thereof, which comprises the step of contacting in the liquid phase at a temperature of from about 50\xb0 C. to about 300\xb0 C. a levulinic acid ester (I) with an aryl amine (II) in the presence of hydrogen gas and a catalyst, the catalyst being optionally supported on a catalyst support, and, optionally, said contacting is performed in the presence of a solvent, and wherein said contacting is carried out at a hydrogen pressure of from about 0.3 MPa to about 20 MPa, and wherein the compound represented by Formula (II) and the compound represented by Formula (I) are in a molar ration of from about 0.011 to about 1001 at the start of the reaction;
wherein R1 is an aromatic group having from 6 to 30 carbons, R2 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, C1-C18 unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl containing at least one heteroatom, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, and R3 is a fully or partially reduced derivative of R1, provided that the contacting is carried out for a time sufficient to produce at least some of the compound represented by Formula (IV).
2. (canceled)
3. The process as recited in claims 1, wherein the catalyst is selected from metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, palladium, at least one Raney metal; compounds thereof; and combinations thereof.
4. The process as recited in claim 3, wherein the catalyst is palladium or compounds thereof.
5. The process as recited in claim 3, wherein the catalyst is supported to form a catalyst support and the content of the metal in the supported metal catalyst is from 0.1% to 20% by weight.
6. The process as recited in claims 1, wherein the catalyst support is selected from the group consisting of carbon, alumina, silica, silica-alumina, silica-titania, titania, titania-alumina, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, compounds thereof, and combinations thereof.
7. The process as recited in claim 6, wherein the carbon has an ash content, the ash content being less than 5% by weight of the catalyst support, and optionally wherein the carbon has a surface area of more than 200 m2g.
8. The process as recited in claims 1, wherein the process is optionally performed in the presence of a promoter.
9. The process as recited in claim 1, wherein R1 is an aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbons, R2 is an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 12 carbons, and wherein R3 is a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbons.
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)
14. The process as recited in claim 5, wherein the supported metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium on carbon, palladium on calcium carbonate, palladium on barium sulfate, palladium on alumina, palladium on titania, platinum on carbon, platinum on alumina, platinum on silica, iridium on silica, iridium on carbon, iridium on alumina, rhodium on carbon, rhodium on silica, rhodium on alumina, nickel on carbon, nickel on alumina, nickel on silica, rhenium on carbon, rhenium on silica, rhenium on alumina, ruthenium on carbon, ruthenium on alumina and ruthenium on silica.
15. The process as recited in claim 14, wherein the supported metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium on carbon, palladium on alumina, palladium on silica, palladium on titania, and combinations thereof.
16. The process as recited in claims 1, wherein the solvent medium for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, ethers, aromatics, aryl amines of Formula (II), pyrrolidones and the reaction product of claim 1, respectively.
17. (canceled)
18. (canceled)
19. (canceled)
20. (canceled)
21. (canceled)
22. (canceled)