1. A system to provide automatic compensation for frequency attenuation of a video signal transmitted over a cable, comprising:
an equalizer that receives a video signal that was transmitted over a cable, provides compensation for frequency attenuation that occurred during the transmission over the cable, and outputs a compensated video signal; and
a compensation controller that automatically adjusts the compensation provided by the equalizer based on comparisons of one or more portions of the compensated video signal to one or more reference voltage levels.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the equalizer includes:
a high band equalizer that compensates for high frequency attenuation caused by the cable;
a low band equalizer that compensates for low frequency attenuation caused by the cable; and
a DC gain controller that fine tunes DC gain of the equalizer so that an average level of sync tips, of horizontal sync pulses within the compensated video signal, is substantially equal to a predetermined nominal level.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the compensation controller automatically adjusts the compensation provided by the equalizer by automatically controlling the high band equalizer, the low band equalizer and the DC gain controller.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein:
each line of the compensated video signal includes a horizontal sync portion, followed by a breezeway portion, followed a color burst portion if the video signal is color, followed by an active video portion;
the reference voltage levels include a sync level reference voltage, a blanking level reference voltage and a burst level reference voltage; and
the compensation controller includes
a first comparator to compare the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal to the sync level reference voltage;
a second comparator to compare the breezeway portion of the compensated video signal to the blanking level reference voltage; and
a third comparator to compare the color burst portion of the compensated video signal to the burst level reference voltage, if the video signal is color; and
wherein the compensation controller is configured to
control the low band equalizer in dependence on an output from the first comparator;
control the DC gain controller in dependence on an output from the first comparator;
control the high band equalizer in dependence on an output from the second comparator, if the video signal is a monochrome signal; and
control the high band equalizer in dependence on an output from the third comparator, if the video signal is a color signal.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the each line of the compensated video signal includes a horizontal sync portion followed by a breezeway portion, followed a color burst portion if the video signal is color, followed by an active video portion; and
the compensation controller performs comparisons of the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal to a sync level reference voltage, and controls the low band equalizer and the DC gain control based on results of the comparisons.
6. The system of claim 3, wherein the high band equalizer comprises:
a plurality N of equalizer stages connected in series, wherein each of the N equalizer stages includes a differential input and a differential output, and wherein each of the N equalizer stages is optimized for a different portion of the cable, where N is equal to or greater than 3;
a first selector having N inputs connected to the inputs of each of the N equalizer stages, and having an output; and
a second selector having N inputs connected to the outputs of each of the N equalizer stages, and having an output; and
a weighted averager having inputs connected to the outputs of the first and second selectors, and having an output;
wherein the first and second selectors are used to select which equalizer stages are active and which equalizer stages are inactive;
wherein the weighted averager produces at its output, a weighted average of the signal input to and output from the last active equalizer stage; and
wherein the compensation controller controls the first and second selectors and the weighted averager.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein:
a 1st one of the equalizer stages is optimized for a 1st length of the cable;
a 2nd one of the equalizer stages is optimized for a 2nd length of the cable; and
an Nth one of the equalizer stages is optimized for an Nth length of the cable.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein:
a 1st one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 1st length of the cable;
a 2nd one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 2nd length of the cable; and
a Nth one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a Nth length of the cable.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein:
a 1stone of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 1st length of the cable;
a 2nd one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 2nd length of the cable; and
a Nth one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a Nth length of the cable.
10. The system of claim 6, wherein the compensation controller uses outputs from the first comparator to automatically select:
one of the N outputs of the first selector;
one of the N outputs of the second selector; and
a weighting performed by the weighted averager.
11. A method for providing automatic compensation for frequency attenuation of a video signal transmitted over a cable, comprising:
(a) compensating for frequency attenuation that occurred during the transmission of the video signal over the cable to thereby produce a compensated video signal;
(b) comparing one or more portions of the compensated video signal to one or more reference voltage levels; and
(c) automatically adjusting the compensating performed at step (a) based on results of the comparing performed at step (b).
12. The method of claim 11, wherein step (a) include:
(a.1) compensating for high frequency attenuation caused by the cable;
(a.2) compensating for low frequency attenuation caused by the cable; and
(a.3) fine tuning DC gain so that an average level of sync tips, of horizontal sync pulses within the compensated video signal, is substantially equal to a predetermined nominal level.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein step (c) includes:
(c.1) automatically adjusting the compensating for high frequency attenuation performed at step (a.1);
(c.2) automatically adjusting the compensating for low frequency attenuation performed at step (a.2); and
(c.3) automatically adjusting the fine tuning of DC gain performed at step (a.3).
14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
each line of the compensated video signal produced at step (a) includes a horizontal sync portion, followed by a breezeway portion, followed a color burst portion if the video signal is color, followed by an active video portion, and
the comparing performed at step (b) includes
(b.1) comparing the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal to a sync level reference voltage;
(b.2) comparing the breezeway portion of the compensated video signal to a blanking level reference voltage; and
(b.3) comparing the color burst portion of the compensated video signal to the burst level reference voltage, if the video signal is a color signal; and
the automatically adjusting performed at step (c) includes
(c.1) automatically adjusting the compensating for high frequency attenuation performed at step (a.1) based on results of the comparing performed at step (b.3), if the video signal is a color signal;
(c.2) automatically adjusting the compensating for high frequency attenuation performed at step (a.1) based on results of the comparing performed at step (b.2), if the video signal is a monochrome signal;
(c.3) automatically adjusting the compensating for low frequency attenuation performed at step (a.2) based on results of the comparing performed at step (b.1); and
(c.4) automatically adjusting the fine tuning of DC gain performed at step (a.3) based on results of the comparing performed at step (b.1).
15. The method of claim 11, wherein:
each line of the compensated video signal produced at step (a) includes a horizontal sync portion followed by a breezeway portion, followed a color burst portion if the video signal is color, followed by an active video portion;
step (b) includes performing comparisons of the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal to a sync level reference voltage;
step (c) includes automatically adjusting DC gain based on results of the comparisons.
16. A method for providing automatic compensation for frequency attenuation of a video signal transmitted over a cable, comprising:
producing a compensated video signal by compensating for high frequency attenuation caused by the cable, compensating for low frequency attenuation caused by the cable, and fine tuning DC gain so that an average level of sync tips, of horizontal sync pulses within the compensated video signal, is substantially equal to a predetermined nominal level;
comparing a horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal to a sync level reference voltage, a breezeway portion of the compensated video signal to a blanking level reference voltage, and a color burst portion of the compensated video signal to a burst level reference voltage; and
automatically adjusting the compensating for high frequency attenuation, the compensating for low frequency attenuation and the fine tuning of DC gain based on results of the comparing.
17. A high band equalizer that provides compensation for high frequency attenuation that occurred during the transmission of a video signal over the cable, comprising:
a plurality N of equalizer stages connected in series, wherein each of the N equalizer stages includes a differential input and a differential output, and wherein each of the N equalizer stages is optimized for a different portion of the cable, where N is equal to or greater than 3;
a first selector having N inputs connected to the inputs of each of the N equalizer stages, and having an output; and
a second selector having N inputs connected to the outputs of each of the N equalizer stages, and having an output; and
a weighted averager having inputs connected to the outputs of the first and second selectors, and having an output;
wherein the first and second selectors are used to select which equalizer stages are active and which equalizer stages are inactive; and
wherein the weighted averager produces at its output, a weighted average of the signal input to and output from the last active equalizer stage.
18. The high band equalizer of claim 17, wherein a compensation controller controls the first and second selectors and the weighted averager.
19. The high band equalizer of claim 17, wherein:
a 1st one of the equalizer stages is optimized for a 1st length of the cable;
a 2nd one of the equalizer stages is optimized for a 2nd length of the cable; and
an Nth one of the equalizer stages is optimized for an Nth length of the cable.
20. The high band equalizer of claim 17, wherein:
a 1st one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 1st length of the cable;
a 2nd one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 2nd length of the cable; and
a Nth one of the equalizer stages has a transfer function substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a Nth length of the cable.
21. A method for providing compensation for high frequency attenuation that occurred during the transmission of a video signal over the cable, comprising:
(a) providing a plurality N of equalizer stages connected in series, wherein each of the N equalizer stages includes a differential input and a differential output, and wherein each of the N equalizer stages is optimized for a different portion of the cable, where N is equal to or greater than 3;
(b) selecting which equalizer stages are active and which equalizer stages are inactive; and
(c) producing a weighted average of the signal input to and output from the last active equalizer stage.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein step (a) comprises:
(a.1) optimizing a 1st one of the equalizer stages for a 1st length of the cable;
(a.2) optimizing a 2nd one of the equalizer stages for a 2nd length of the cable; and
(a.3) optimizing an Nth one of the equalizer stages for an Nth length of the cable.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein step (a) comprises:
(a.1) implementing a transfer function for a 1st one of the equalizer stages as substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 1st length of the cable;
(a.2) implementing a transfer function for a 2nd one of the equalizer stages as substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a 2nd length of the cable; and
(a.3) implementing a transfer function for a Nth one of the equalizer stages as substantially equal to an inverse of a transfer function of a Nth length of the cable.
24. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the equalizer includes a low band equalizer that compensates for low frequency attenuation caused by the cable; and
the compensation controller automatically adjusts the compensation provided by the low equalizer band equalizer stage based on comparisons between a horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal and a sync level reference voltage.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein automatic adjustments by the compensation controller, of the compensation provided by the low equalizer band equalizer stage, adjusts tilt of the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal.
26. The system of claim 24, wherein automatic adjustments by the compensation controller, of the compensation provided by the low equalizer band equalizer stage, minimizes tilt of the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal.
27. The method of claim 11, wherein:
step (a) include compensating for low frequency attenuation caused by the cable;
step (b) includes comparing a horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal to a sync level reference voltage; and
step (c) includes automatically adjusting the compensating for low frequency attenuation performed at step (a) based on a result of the comparing the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal to the sync level reference voltage performed at step (b).
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the automatically adjusting the compensating for low frequency attenuation adjusts tilt of the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the automatically adjusting the compensating for low frequency attenuation minimizes tilt of the horizontal sync portion of the compensated video signal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A fruit or vegetable processed product comprising pomace or at least one whole fruit or vegetable, wherein the processed product has a particle size less than 250 microns.
2. The product of claim 1 wherein the processed product has a particle size less than 125 microns.
3. The product of claim 2 wherein the processed product has a particle size 38 micron to less than 125 microns.
4. The product of claim 1 wherein the processed product has a particle size less than 75 micron.
5. The product of claim 1 comprising pomace.
6. The product of claim 1 wherein the pomace is obtained from, or the at least one whole fruit or vegetables is selected from, the group consisting of carrot, cranberry, orange, blueberry, tomato, apple, lemons, limes, grapes, strawberries, grapefruits, tangerine, mandarin orange, tangelo, pomelo, celery, beet, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, artichoke, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, watercress, peas, beans, lentils, asparagus, onions, leeks, kohlrabi, radish, turnip, rutabaga, rhubarb, carrot, cucumber, zucchini, eggplant, pineapple, peach, banana, pear, guava, apricot, watermelon, Saskatoon berry, blueberry, plains berry, prairie berry, mulberry, elderberry, Barbados cherry (acerola cherry), choke cherry, date, coconut, olive, raspberry, strawberry, huckleberry, loganberry, currant, dewberry, boysenberry, kiwi, cherry, blackberry, quince, buckthorn, passion fruit, rowan, gooseberry, pomegranate, persimmon, mango, papaya, lychee, plum, prune, fig, and any combination thereof.
7. A beverage comprising water and a fruit or vegetable processed product comprising pomace or at least one whole fruit or vegetable, wherein the processed product has a particle size less than 250 microns.
8. The beverage of claim 7 wherein the processed product has a particle size less than 125 microns.
9. The beverage of claim 8 wherein the processed product has a particle size 38 micron to less than 125 microns.
10. The beverage claim 7 wherein the processed product has a particle size less than 75 micron.
11. The beverage of claim 7 wherein the processed product comprises pomace.
12. The beverage of claim 7 wherein the pomace is obtained from, or the at least one whole fruit or vegetables is selected from, the group consisting of carrot, cranberry, orange, blueberry, tomato, apple, lemons, limes, grapes, strawberries, grapefruits, tangerine, mandarin orange, tangelo, pomelo, celery, beet, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, artichoke, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, watercress, peas, beans, lentils, asparagus, onions, leeks, kohlrabi, radish, turnip, rutabaga, rhubarb, carrot, cucumber, zucchini, eggplant, pineapple, peach, banana, pear, guava, apricot, watermelon, Saskatoon berry, blueberry, plains berry, prairie berry, mulberry, elderberry, Barbados cherry (acerola cherry), choke cherry, date, coconut, olive, raspberry, strawberry, huckleberry, loganberry, currant, dewberry, boysenberry, kiwi, cherry, blackberry, quince, buckthorn, passion fruit, rowan, gooseberry, pomegranate, persimmon, mango, papaya, lychee, plum, prune, fig, and any combination thereof.
13. The beverage of claim 7 wherein the processed product comprises pomace selected from carrot pomace, orange pomace, cranberry pomace, or mixtures thereof
14. A method of processing pomace comprising reducing particle size of the pomace to less than 250 microns.
15. The method of claim 14 comprising reducing the particles size to less than 125 microns.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein prior to reducing the particle size, treating the pomace to remove undesired components therefrom.
17. The method of claim 14 further comprising reducing the particle size of the pomace by micro-grinding, homogenizing, or combination thereof
18. The method of claim 14 further comprising heating the pomace to at least 70\xb0 C. before, during, or after reducing the particle size.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising heating the pomace with heat generated by the friction of grinding blades during size reduction.
20. The method of claim 18 further comprising acidifying the pomace prior to reducing the particle size.
21. The method of claim 14 comprising freezing the pomace prior to reducing the particle size.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the pomace is frozen at a temperature of 0 to \u221220\xb0 C.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein prior to freezing, hydrating the pomace.
24. A method of treating at least one whole fruit or vegetable comprising processing the whole fruits or vegetables to provide a product having a particle size of less than 250 microns.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the whole fruit or vegetable is crushed, cut, pulverized, or homogenized and then subjected to particle size reduction to obtain the product having a particle size of less than 250 microns.
26. The method of claim 25 further comprising reducing the particle size of the pomace by micro-grinding, homogenizing, or combination thereof
27. A method of improving the dispersability of pomace in beverages comprising reducing the particle size of the pomace to less than 250 microns prior to adding to the beverage.
28. A method of testing the fiber content of pomace comprising heating the pomace up to 100\xb0 C. for a time sufficient for enzyme inactivation and then subjecting the pomace to AOAC analysis.