1. A population of particles having an average size of greater than 80 mesh BS, the particles comprising a water-insoluble, dilute acid-soluble inorganic polyphosphate composition, the inorganic polyphosphate composition containing 5 to 70 wt % orthophosphate and having a number average chain length of greater than 2 but less than 50 phosphate units when the orthophosphate content of the polyphosphate polymer is excluded from the average chain length calculation and a number average chain length of at least 1.1 but less than 50 phosphate units when the orthophosphate content of the polyphosphate polymer is included in the average chain length calculation.
2. (canceled)
3. The population of particles of claim 1 wherein the particles have an average size greater than 2 mm.
4. (canceled)
5. The population of particles of claim 1, the population comprising about 0.1 to 50 wt. % of the water-insoluble, dilute acid-soluble polyphosphate composition.
6-7. (canceled)
8. The population of particles of claim 1, the inorganic polyphosphate composition containing at least 5 wt. % alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or a combination thereof.
9-10. (canceled)
11. The population of particles of claim 1 wherein the inorganic polyphosphate composition contains calcium, magnesium, or a combination thereof, and optionally one or more micronutrients selected from boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, sulfur and zinc, the inorganic polyphosphate having a ratio, A:P, having a value of 0.3:1 to 1:1 wherein A is the combined number of equivalents of calcium and magnesium incorporated in the inorganic polyphosphate composition and P is the number of equivalents of phosphorus, P, incorporated in the inorganic polyphosphate composition.
12. (canceled)
13. The population of particles of claim 1, the inorganic polyphosphate the inorganic polyphosphate composition containing at least 5 wt. % calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium or ammonium, in combination, and optionally, one or more nutrients selected from boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc, the inorganic polyphosphate composition having a solubility in room-temperature (25\xb0 C.) deionized water such that the combined amount of ammonium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc that dissolves from the inorganic polyphosphate composition during a 30 minute period in deionized water at room-temperature (25\xb0 C.) is less than 20% of the combined amount of ammonium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc that dissolves from the inorganic polyphosphate composition during a 30 minute period in 0.1 N HCl at room-temperature (25\xb0 C.).
14. (canceled)
15. The population of particles of claim 1, the inorganic polyphosphate composition containing at least 5 wt. % of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium or ammonium, in combination, and optionally, one or more nutrients selected from boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc, the inorganic polyphosphate composition having a solubility in room-temperature (25\xb0 C.) dilute citric acid such that the combined amount of ammonium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc that dissolves from the inorganic polyphosphate composition during a 20 minute period in citric acid having a citric acid concentration not in excess of 2 wt. % citric acid at room-temperature (25\xb0 C.) is at least 75% of the combined amount of ammonium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc that dissolves from the inorganic polyphosphate composition during a 20 minute period in 0.1N HCl at room-temperature (25\xb0 C.).
16-17. (canceled)
18. The population of particles of claim 1, the inorganic polyphosphate composition containing at least 5 wt. % of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium or ammonium, in combination, and optionally, one or more nutrients selected from boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc, the inorganic polyphosphate composition having a solubility in room-temperature (25\xb0 C.) dilute diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) such that the combined amount of ammonium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc that dissolves from the inorganic polyphosphate composition during a 20 minute period in 0.005M DTPA at room-temperature (25\xb0 C.) is at least 75% of the combined amount of ammonium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium, and zinc that dissolves from the inorganic polyphosphate composition during a 20 minute period in 0.1 N HCl at room-temperature (25\xb0 C.).
19-30. (canceled)
31. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate composition comprises one or more micronutrient metal(s) selected from the group consisting of chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and combinations thereof with the ratio of the combined number of equivalents of the micronutrient metal(s), M, to the number of equivalents of phosphorus, P, in the micronutrient metal polyphosphate composition having a value of M:P wherein M:P is less than 0.4:1.
32. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the repeat units comprise phosphate, sulfate, borate, molybdate, or selenate units, or a combination thereof, provided the ratio of phosphate units to the combined total of sulfate, borate, molybdate and selenate repeat units comprised by the inorganic polyphosphate composition is at least 2:1 and wherein the water-insoluble, dilute acid-soluble inorganic polyphosphate composition has a ratio, M:Z, that is less than 0.4:1 wherein M is the combined number of equivalents of the micronutrient metal(s) in the water-insoluble, dilute acid-soluble inorganic polyphosphate composition and Z is the combined number of equivalents of phosphorus, sulfur, boron, molybdenum and selenium incorporated into the phosphate, sulfate, borate, molybdate or selenate repeat units.
33-34. (canceled)
35. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate composition contains at least 0.01 wt. % of one or more of boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, sulfur and zinc, the population of particles being a free-flowing powder or granule having a moisture content of less than 10%.
36-37. (canceled)
38. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate has a number average chain length of between 2 and 15 phosphate units based upon the non-orthophosphate fraction of the polyphosphate.
39-40. (canceled)
41. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate composition contains at least 7 wt. % but not more than 35 wt. % of calcium and magnesium, in combination.
42. (canceled)
43. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate composition contains less than 5 wt. % of boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc, in combination.
44. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate composition contains more than 5 wt. % of boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc, in combination.
45. The population of particles of claim 1, wherein the inorganic polyphosphate composition contains calcium and magnesium with atomic ratio of calcium to magnesium being at least 0.2:1 (calcium:magnesium).
46. (canceled)
47. A composite particle having a size greater than 0.2 mm, the composite particle comprising a water-insoluble, dilute acid-soluble inorganic polyphosphate composition in solid form and a chemically distinct composition, the inorganic polyphosphate composition containing 5 to 70 wt % orthophosphate, and optionally one or more micronutrient metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc, the inorganic polyphosphate polymer has a number average chain length of greater than 2 and less than 50 repeat units when the orthophosphate content of the inorganic polyphosphate polymer is excluded from the average chain length calculation and a number average chain length of at least 1.1 but less than 50 repeat units when the orthophosphate content of the inorganic polyphosphate polymer is included in the average chain length calculation, the repeat units comprising phosphate, sulfate, borate, molybdate, or selenate units, or a combination thereof, provided the ratio of phosphate units to the combined total of sulfate, borate, molybdate and selenate repeat units comprised by the inorganic polyphosphate composition is at least 2:1.
48. (canceled)
49. The composite particle of claim 47 wherein composite particle comprises an inner layer or core of dilute acid-soluble inorganic polyphosphate composition, and an outer layer of the chemically distinct composition.
50. The composite particle of claim 47 wherein composite particle comprises an inner layer or core of the chemically distinct composition and an outer layer of the dilute acid-soluble inorganic polyphosphate composition.
51. The composite particle of claim 47 wherein the chemically distinct composition is monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triple super phosphate, or urea.
52-56. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A lead-in structure for coupling a turbo generator to a circulation process of a circulating medium, the turbo generator comprising a turbine and a generator enclosed in a common casing structure, and wherein casing structure comprises at least a first duct for hot, steam-like circulating medium entering the turbine, a second duct for circulating medium exiting the turbine, and a third duct for cooled liquid circulating medium, wherein the third duct comprises an annular channel, through which circulating medium is led to and, which is placed around the second duct, and wherein the first duct comprises an annular channel, through which circulating medium is led into the turbine for the supply and which is placed between the second duct and the annular channel of the third duct.
2. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the casing structure comprises a casing element and a fixing flange to be fixed thereto, which is arranged to close the casing element hermetically and to fix the turbo generator in its position, wherein the casing element and the fixing flange comprise sealing surfaces placed against each other, wherein one or several annular channels consist of an annular groove made in one sealing surface, closed by another sealing surface, or of annular grooves made in both sealing surfaces which are placed against each other to form a uniform annular channel.
3. The lead-in structure according to claim 2, wherein the annular channel of the first duct is placed in the fixing flange and at a distance from the sealing surface, to which the circulating medium is arranged to be led via drillings from the annular channel.
4. The lead-in structure according to claim 2, wherein the sealing surface is provided with a first sealing between the second duct and the first duct, a second sealing between the first duct and the third duct, and a third sealing around the third duct.
5. The lead-in structure according to claim 2, wherein the circulating medium is arranged to be fed into the annular channel of the third duct via a first drilling extending through the fixing flange and off from the annular channel via a second opening extending through the casing element, wherein said openings are further placed at a distance from each other.
6. The lead-in structure according to claim 2, wherein the second duct comprises a tubular channel, and that the fixing flange comprises a closing valve which can be controlled by pressurized medium and which is arranged to keep the tubular channel of the second duct normally open and to keep it closed for releasing of the casing element, wherein the closing valve is placed inside the tubular channel.
7. The lead-in structure according to claim 2, wherein the fixing flange comprises a tubular part in which the second duct is placed, and a collar part placed around the end of the tubular part, in which at least the first duct and at least the third duct are placed.
8. The lead-in structure according to claim 6, wherein the closing valve comprises a guide disc which can be moved back and forth and which is arranged, in its first position, to close the tubular channel in a sealed manner and, in its second position, to guide, by its shape, the circulating medium into the tubular channel, and a cylinder structure which is controlled by a pressurized medium and which is arranged to move the guide plate fixed thereto.
9. The lead-in structure according to claim 2, wherein the second duct comprises a tubular channel, and that the annular channels are placed on one or several parallel planes which are substantially perpendicular to the axial tubular channel of the second duct.
10. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the second duct comprises a tubular channel, and that the annular channels are placed on one or several parallel planes which are substantially perpendicular to the axial tubular channel of the second duct.
11. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the circulating medium is arranged to be fed into the annular channel of the third duct via a first drilling extending through the fixing flange and off from the annular channel via a second opening extending through the casing element, wherein said openings are further placed at a distance from each other.
12. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the second duct comprises a tubular channel, and that the fixing flange comprises a closing valve which can be controlled by pressurized medium and which is arranged to keep the tubular channel of the second duct normally open and to keep it closed for releasing of the casing element, wherein the closing valve is placed inside the tubular channel.
13. The lead-in structure according to claim 12, wherein the closing valve comprises a guide disc which can be moved back and forth and which is arranged, in its first position, to close the tubular channel in a sealed manner and, in its second position, to guide, by its shape, the circulating medium into the tubular channel, and a cylinder structure which is controlled by a pressurized medium and which is arranged to move the guide plate fixed thereto.
14. The lead-in structure according to claim 13, wherein the closing valve is supported to the tubular channel by one or more guide blades, wherein the pressurized medium is led to the closing valve via a drilling made in one or more of the guide blades.
15. The lead-in structure according to claim 13, wherein the closing valve is arranged to close and remain closed when moved by the force effect of the pressure of the circulating medium used as a pressurized medium, and is arranged to open and remain open when moved by the force effect of a spring means.
16. The lead-in structure according to claim 15, wherein the closing valve is supported to the tubular channel by one or more guide blades, wherein the pressurized medium is led to the closing valve via a drilling made in one or more of the guide blades.
17. The lead-in structure according to claim 12, wherein the closing valve is supported to the tubular channel by one or more guide blades, wherein the pressurized medium is led to the closing valve via a drilling made in one or more of the guide blades.
18. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the fixing flange comprises a tubular part in which the second duct is placed, and a collar part placed around the end of the tubular part, in which at least the first duct and at least the third duct are placed.
19. A fixing flange for coupling a turbo generator in a detachable manner to the circulating process of a circulating medium, for maintenance, wherein the fixing flange comprises at least a first duct for hot, steam-like circulating medium entering the turbine, at least a second duct for circulating medium exiting the turbine, and at least a third duct for cooled liquid circulating medium, wherein the third duct comprises an annular channel, through which circulating medium is led to and which is placed around the second duct, and wherein the first duct comprises an annular channel, through which circulating medium is led to the turbine for supply, and which is placed between the second duct and the annular channel of the third duct.
20. The fixing flange according to claim 19, wherein the second duct comprises a tubular channel, and that the fixing flange comprises a closing valve which can be controlled by a pressurized medium and which is arranged to keep the tubular channel of the second duct normally open and to keep it closed for releasing of the turbo generator, wherein the closing valve is placed inside the tubular channel.
21. The fixing flange according to claim 19, wherein the fixing flange comprises a sealing surface which is placed towards the turbo generator, wherein the sealing surface is provided with an annular open groove which, closed by the turbo generator, forms the annular channel of the third duct, and that the fixing flange comprises a circumferential set of drillings which extend to the sealing surface from the annular channel of the first duct, whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the annular channel of the third duct.
22. The fixing flange according to claim 20, wherein the fixing flange comprises a sealing surface which is placed towards the turbo generator, wherein the sealing surface is provided with an annular open groove which, closed by the turbo generator, forms the annular channel of the third duct, and that the fixing flange comprises a circumferential set of drillings which extend to the sealing surface from the annular channel of the first duct, whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the annular channel of the third duct.
23. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the annular channel of the third duct is placed concentrically around the second duct.
24. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the annular channel of the first duct is placed concentrically between the second duct and the annular channel of the third duct.
25. The lead-in structure according to claim 1, wherein the turbo generator comprises a feed pump enclosed in the common casino structure.
26. The lead-in structure according to claim 25, wherein the circulating medium is led to the feed pump for the supply through the annular channel of the third duct.
27. The lead-in structure according to claim 25, wherein the cooled liquid circulating medium is led to the feed pump through the third duct.
28. The lead-in structure according to claim 9, wherein the axial tubular channel of the second duct is placed on the common rotating axis of the turbo generator.
29. The lead-in structure according to claim 10, wherein the axial tubular channel of the second duct is placed on the common rotating axis of the turbo generator.
30. The fixing flange according to claim 19, wherein the annular channel of the third duct is placed concentrically around the second duct.
31. The fixing flange according to claim 19, wherein the annular channel of the first duct is placed concentrically between the second duct and the annular channel of the third duct.
32. The fixing flange according to claim 19, wherein the cooled liquid circulating medium is led to a feed pump through the third duct.
33. The fixing flange according to claim 32, wherein the circulating medium is led to the feed pump for supply through the annular channel of the third duct.