1. A maintenance system for a water supply system, wherein the water supply system comprises a pipe network and a plurality of measuring sensors, wherein the maintenance system comprising:
a) a transmitter that is adapted to receive information from the measuring sensors, and transmits the information;
b) a collector that collects the information transmitted by the transmitter;
c) an information analyzer that analyzes the collected information and decides prescribed status variables for the maintenance system; and
d) a storage that stores information provided by the collector and the information analyzer,
wherein the information and analysis are based on the Geographic Information System (GIS).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter comprises an administration module that administrates processes of the transmitter, a information receiving module that receives information from the measuring sensors, and an information transmission module that transmits the received information, wherein operations of the administration module, the information receiving module and the information transmission module are independent from one another whereby receiving information can be continued in case that the processes fail.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the transmitter receives information from the measuring sensors at a predetermined information reception interval, and converts the received information into effective measuring information at a predetermined transmission interval.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the transmitter converts the information according to a first predetermined internal protocol.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first predetermined internal protocol comprises flow rate data, water pressure data, water quality data, alarm data and control data.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the flow rate data comprises flow rate measuring state, accumulated flow amount, instantaneous flow amount, and flow speed.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the water pressure data comprises instantaneous water pressure.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the water quality data comprises water pressure state and measured value, pH value measuring state and measured value, chlorine meter measuring state and measured value, opacity meter measuring state and measured value.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the alarm data comprises power failure, control panel door opening and exceeding threshold values.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the control data comprises data collection interval change, protocol change, and threshold value change.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the collector converts the information, which are collected from the transmitter, according to a second predetermined internal protocol.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the collector organizes the converted information per predetermined time unit.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the predetermined time unit comprises five (5) minutes, ten (10) minutes, one (1) hour and one (1) day.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage stores the collected information, basic information for the pipe network and all information generated by the maintenance system.
15. The system of claim 1, further comprising an alarm device, wherein the status variables decided by the information analyzer comprises a threshold value, a leak expectation, a sensor error, and an abnormal operation, wherein the alarm device generates an alarm when the information analyzer decides a leak expectation, a sensor error or an abnormal operation.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the information collected by the collector comprises flow rate, water pressure and water quality, wherein the information analyzer analyzes the water supply system based on the flow rate, water pressure and water quality, and an initial design water pressure value of the pipe network, wherein the information analyzer transfers analyzed result to the alarm device and the storage.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the alarm generated by the alarm device is classified into a plurality of levels, wherein the alarm device delivers the alarm to pre-registered users via public telecommunication network.
18. The system of claim 1, further comprising a pipe network analyzer that analyzes the pipe network base on the collected information.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the pipe network analyzer comprises an analysis storage module, an analysis addition module and an analysis result module, wherein the analysis storage module manages analysis techniques, wherein the analysis addition module enables addition of analysis techniques, wherein the analysis result module provides analysis result.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the pipe network analyzer analyzes the information stored by the storage based on a pipe network scheme that is constructed with space data of the water supply system, wherein analysis techniques are added as plug-in modules, wherein the analysis storage module chooses an analysis technique.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the pipe network analyzer analyzes a metered amount ratio of the water supply system, and calculates water use amount and water supply amount.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the information analyzed by the pipe network analyzer comprises flow rate, water pressure and water quality.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein operation of the pipe network analyzer comprises creating the pipe network scheme, GIS database structuring, positional data input, height data input, creating water supply model database and performing water supply modeling.
24. The system of claim 23, further comprising an information transferor that comprises an XML output module that outputs information as XML and an XML transfer module that transfer the XML output.
25. The system of claim 24, further comprising a screen display, wherein the information transferor uses XML for information transfer from the storage to the screen display, wherein the screen display displays the XML output from the information transferor.
26. The system of claim 25, wherein the transmitter comprises an administration module that administrates processes of the transmitter, a information receiving module that receives information from the measuring sensors, and an information transmission module that transmits the received information, wherein operations of the administration module, the information receiving module and the information transmission module are independent from one another whereby receiving information can be continued in case that the processes fail, wherein the transmitter receives information from the measuring sensors at a predetermined information reception interval, and converts the received information into effective measuring information at a predetermined transmission interval, wherein the transmitter converts the information according to a first predetermined internal protocol, wherein the collector converts the information, which are collected from the transmitter, according to a second predetermined internal protocol, wherein the collector organizes the converted information per predetermined time unit, wherein the predetermined time unit comprises five (5) minutes, ten (10) minutes, one (1) hour and one (1) day, wherein the storage stores the collected information, basic information for the pipe network and all information generated by the maintenance system.
27. The system of claim 26, further comprising an alarm device, wherein the status variables decided by the information analyzer comprises a threshold value, a leak expectation, a sensor error, and an abnormal operation, wherein the alarm device generates an alarm when the information analyzer decides a leak expectation, a sensor error or an abnormal operation, wherein the information collected by the collector comprises flow rate, water pressure and water quality, wherein the information analyzer analyzes the water supply system based on the flow rate, water pressure and water quality, and an initial design water pressure value of the pipe network, wherein the information analyzer transfers analyzed result to the alarm device and the storage, wherein the alarm generated by the alarm device is classified into a plurality of levels, wherein the alarm device delivers the alarm to pre-registered users via public telecommunication network.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A pneumatic rubber tire with a circumferential rubber tread having a capbase configuration comprised of an outer tread cap rubber layer and an underlying tread base rubber layer wherein said tread cap rubber layer is a silica-containing conjugated diene based rubber composition comprised of, based on parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr),
(A) conjugated diene-based elastomers comprised of
(1) about 40 to about 80 phr of cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubber, and
(2) about 60 to about 20 phr of at least one additional diene-based elastomer;
(B) about 40 to about 110 phr of reinforcing filler wherein said reinforcing filler is precipitated silica and from zero up to about 15 phr of carbon black, and
(C) silica coupling agent having a moiety reactive with hydroxyl groups on said precipitated silica and another different moiety interactive with carbon-to-carbon double bonds of said conjugated diene-based elastomers.
2. The tire of claim 1 wherein said rubber composition contains from about 3 to about 10 phr of carbon black as a carrier for said coupling agent without freely added carbon black.
3. The tire of claim 1 wherein said additional conjugated diene-based elastomer is comprised of at least one of polymers of at least one of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene and copolymers of styrene and at least one of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene.
4. The tire of claim 1 wherein said additional conjugated diene-based elastomer is comprised of at least one of cis 1,4-polyisoprene and styrenebutadiene elastomers.
5. The tire of rubber composition of claim 1 wherein said cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubber is comprised of at least one of:
(A) a first specialized cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubber having a microstructure comprised of from about 90 to about 99 percent cis 1,4-isomeric units, a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of from about 120,000 to about 300,000 and a heterogeneity index (MwMn) in a range of from about 2.11 to about 4.51, or
(B) a second specialized cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubber having a microstructure comprised of from about 93 to about 99 percent cis 1,4-isomeric units, a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of from about 150,000 to about 300,000 and a heterogeneity index (MwMn) in a range of from about 1.51 to about 21.
6. The tire of claim 1 wherein said coupling agent is comprised of a bis (3-trialkoxysilylalkyl) polysulfide having an average of from 2 to 4 connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge or alkoxyorganomercapto silane.
7. The tire of claim 1 wherein said precipitated silica is a composite of precipitated silica and coupling agent comprised of at least one of bis (3-trialkoxysilylalkyl) polysulfide having an average of from 2 to 4 connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge and alkoxyorganomercaptosilane.
8. The tire of claim 1 wherein said coupling agent is comprised of a bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide having an average of from about 2 to about 2.6 connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge.
9. The tire of claim 1 wherein said coupling agent is comprised of a bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide having an average of from about 3.4 to about 3.8, connecting sulfur atoms in its polysulfidic bridge.
10. The tire of claim 1 wherein said coupling agent is comprised of an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane.
11. The tire of claim 1 wherein said precipitated silica and silica coupling agent are individually provided in the rubber composition
12. The tire of claim 1 wherein said precipitated silica and silica coupling agent are provided as a pre-reacted composite of said precipitated silica and silica coupling agent.
13. The tire of claim 1 wherein said specialized polybutadiene elastomer is a neodymium catalyst prepared polybutadiene prepared by polymerization of 1,3-polybutadiene monomer in an organic solvent solution in the presence of a catalyst system comprised of neodymium compound, an aluminum alkyl and an aluminum chloride delivering compound, and by coupling the polybutadiene by treating the reaction mixture with disulfur dichloride so long as the said specialized polybutadiene possesses the aforesaid microstructure, molecular weight and heterogeneity index.
14. The tire of claim 13 wherein said neodymium compound is comprised of neodymium neodecanoate, neodymium octanoate or neodymium versalate; the aluminum alkyl compound is comprised of triisobutylaluminum or diisobutylaluminum hydride and the aluminum chloride delivering compound is comprised of diethylaluminum chloride, so long as the specialized polybutadiene elastomer possesses the aforesaid microstructure, molecular weight and heterogeneity index and Tg ranges.
15. The tire of claim 13 wherein the catalyst for preparation of said specialized polybutadiene elastomer is exclusive of titanium, cobalt and nickel based catalysts.
16. The tire of claim 13 wherein said specialized polybutadiene contains branching promoted by treatment with said disulfur dichloride.