1. A wavelength router formed by a planar optical imaging arrangement comprising an input stage, an output stage, and a composite lens connected between the two stages, wherein:
the input stage is a waveguide grating router whose output focal circle is characterized by a central zone of minimal loss variation caused by the router efficiency variation;
the composite lens is a waveguide arrangement characterized by a single input aperture and two separate output apertures, wherein the input aperture covers said zone of minimal loss variation;
the output stage includes two waveguide grating routers, each connected to one of the two output apertures of the lens;
the input grating and the output gratings have substantially opposite dispersions, so that the wavelength response to an input signal applied to the input router is essentially two sets of stationary images, respectively produced on the two focal circles of the two output routers, wherein the images of each set are produced by different diffraction orders of the input router; and,
each output router includes several output waveguides, each connected at the location of one of said stationary images.
2. The planar optical imaging arrangement as recited in claim 1 wherein the output efficiency of the input waveguide grating router is optimized by including in the output periodic array of the grating a segmented arrangement of several matching sections so that an essentially flat response is produced by each stationary image.
3. The planar optical imaging arrangement as recited in claim 1 wherein the input router diffraction order for a particular stationary image located in the vicinity of the output focal point of one of the two output routers is chosen essentially equal to an integer multiple of the output router diffraction order for that image.
4. A wavelength router formed by a planar optical imaging arrangement comprising an input waveguide grating router, an output waveguide grating router, and a lens formed between the two waveguide grating routers, wherein:
the output focal circle of the input waveguide grating router is characterized by a central zone of minimal loss variation caused by the router efficiency variation;
the lens is a waveguide arrangement whose input aperture covers said zone of minimal loss variation, and the lens output aperture is connected to the input focal circle of the output waveguide grating router;
the waveguide grating routers have opposite dispersions, so that the wavelength response to an input signal applied to the input router is essentially a set of stationary images produced on the output circle of the output router;
said images are produced by different diffraction orders of the input router;
the output router includes several output waveguides, each connected at the location of one of said stationary images; and,
the output efficiency of the input waveguide gratinig router is optimized by including in the output periodic array of the grating a segmented arrangement of several matching sections so that an essentially flat response is produced by each stationary image.
5. The planar optical imaging arrangement as recited in claim 4 wherein the input router diffraction order for a particular stationary image located in the vicinity of the output focal point of the output router is chosen essentially equal to an integer multiple of the output diffraction order for that image.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of treating acne on the skin of a patient, the method comprising applying to the acne an alkyl urea in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier at a concentration and for a time sufficient to reduce the acne,
wherein the alkyl urea has the formula R\u2014HN\u2014CO\u2014NH2, where R is a monovalent alkane of 1-12 carbon atoms.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein R has 1-8 carbon atoms.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkyl urea is butyl urea.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkyl urea is at a concentration of 0.1 molar to 0.5 molar.
5. Use of an alkyl urea for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of acne, wherein the alkyl urea has the formula R\u2014HN\u2014CO\u2014NH2, where R is a monovalent alkane of 1-12 carbon atoms.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein R has 1-8 carbon atoms.
7. The use of claim 5, wherein the alkyl urea is butyl urea.
8. The use of claim 5, wherein the alkyl urea is at a concentration of 0.1 molar to 0.5 molar.
9. An alkyl urea in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, at a concentration useful for the treatment of acne, wherein the alkyl urea has the formula R\u2014HN\u2014CO\u2014NH2, where R is a monovalent alkane of 1-12 carbon atoms.
10. The alkyl urea of claim 9, wherein R has 1-8 carbon atoms.
11. The alkyl urea of claim 9, wherein the alkyl urea is butyl urea.
12. The alkyl urea of claim 9, wherein the alkyl urea is at a concentration of 0.1 molar to 0.5 molar.
13. The alkyl urea of claim 9, wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of distilled water, a polar organic solvent, a cream, a gel, and a liposome.