1. A method of making a multilayer film, comprising the steps of
a) applying a coating liquid to a substrate comprising a polymeric base layer and an adhesion promoter in a layer on a surface of the polymeric base layer to receive the coating liquid, the coating liquid consisting of a solvent, a PLA polymer, and optionally one or more of an antifog agent, a slip additive, an antioxidant, inorganic particles and dispersed adhesion promoter; and
b) removing the solvent to form a heatseal layer comprising the PLA polymer;
wherein the adhesion promoter is a copolyester resin consisting of units of one or more glycols, at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of the formula CnH2n(COOH)2 wherein n is 2 to 8, and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymeric base layer comprises a polyethylene terephthalate layer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the polymeric base layer comprises a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate layer.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heatseal layer is in a range of 0.5 to 20 microns thick.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heatseal layer is in a range of 2.0 to 10 microns thick.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the copolyester resin is a heat sealable copolyester resin.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the PLA polymer is at most 50% crystalline.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the PLA polymer is amorphous.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the PLA polymer is a PLA homopolymer or copolymer.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the coating liquid further comprises an antifog agent.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising after step b) a step c) of applying an antifog agent to the heatseal layer.
12. A multilayer film prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the copolyester resin is formed by a process consisting of condensation or ester interchange.
13. A coating composition for coating a film substrate comprising a polymeric base layer to produce a multilayer film for use in sealing a vessel;
wherein the composition comprises a PLA polymer;
a copolyester resin consisting of units of one or more glycols, at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of the formula CnH2n(COOH)2 wherein n is 2 to 8, and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; and
a solvent.
14. The coating composition of claim 13, wherein the amount of copolyester resin is in a range of 10 to 90 wt % of the combined weight of the copolyester resin and the PLA polymer.
15. A method of making a multilayer film, comprising the steps of
a) applying a coating liquid to a substrate comprising a polymeric base layer and an adhesion promoter in a layer on a surface of the polymeric base layer to receive the coating liquid, the coating liquid comprising a solvent and a PLA polymer; and
b) removing the solvent to form a heatseal layer comprising the PLA polymer;
wherein the adhesion promoter is a copolyester resin consisting of units of one or more glycols selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol and 1,6-hexanediol; at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of the formula CnH2n(COOH)2 wherein n is 2 to 8; and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.
16. A multilayer film comprising
a) a substrate comprising a polymeric base layer and an adhesion promoter layer on a surface of the polymeric base layer; and
b) on the adhesion promoter layer of the substrate, a heatseal layer consisting of a PLA polymer and optionally one or more of an antifog agent, a slip additive, an antioxidant, inorganic particles and dispersed adhesion promoter;
wherein the adhesion promoter is a copolyester resin formed by a process consisting of condensation or ester interchange and consists of units of one or more glycols, at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of the formula CnH2n(COOH)2 wherein n is 2 to 8, and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; and
wherein the polymeric base layer comprises a biaxially oriented polyester.
17. The multilayer film of claim 16, wherein the polymeric base layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate.
18. The multilayer film of claim 16, comprising said dispersed adhesion promoter wherein the amount of copolyester resin is in a range of 10 to 90 wt % of the combined weight of the copolyester resin and the PLA polymer.
19. The multilayer film of claim 16, wherein the heatseal layer is in a range of 0.5 to 20 microns thick.
20. The multilayer film of claim 16, wherein the heatseal layer is in a range of 2.0 to 10 microns thick.
21. The multilayer film of claim 16, wherein the PLA polymer is a PLA homopolymer or copolymer.
22. The multilayer film of claim 16, wherein the PLA polymer is at most 50% crystalline.
23. The multilayer film of claim 16, wherein the PLA polymer is amorphous.
24. The multilayer film of claim 16, further comprising an antifog agent dispersed within the heatseal layer or on a surface of the heatseal layer opposite the substrate.
25. A sealed container comprising a vessel having an opening, wherein the opening is sealed with a multilayer film of claim 16 on the side of the film bearing the heatseal layer.
26. The sealed container of claim 25, wherein the vessel is formed from polylactic acid homopolymer or copolymer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A lighting device, comprising:
a light source unit;
a diffusion unit for diffusing light emitted from the light source unit; and
a condensing unit including a microlens array on a light emitting surface of the diffusion unit;
wherein the microlens array includes a having sag determined depending on any one of a light emitting area and a total luminous flux.
2. The lighting device of claim 1 wherein the diffusion unit and the condensing unit are bonded so as to form a spaced part.
3. The lighting device of claim 2, further comprising a support frame between the diffusion unit and the condensing unit.
4. The lighting device of claim 2 further comprising an adhesive material interposed between the diffusion unit and the condensing unit.
5. The lighting device of claim 4, wherein a coating area of the adhesive material is less than 70% of a total area of the light emitting surface of the diffusion unit.
6. The lighting device of claim 1 further comprising a roughness pattern having roughness on one surface or both surfaces of a surface of the diffusion unit and a surface of the condensing unit which are opposite to each other.
7. The lighting device of claim 1 further comprising a light diffusion member between the diffusion unit and the condensing unit.
8. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the light diffusion member has a bead structure.
9. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the light diffusion member is fixed by a medium of the adhesive material.
10. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein wherein the sag ranges from 0.1 to 0.25.
11. The lighting device of claim 10, wherein a unified glare rating (UGR) is 19 or below.
12. The lighting device of claim 11, wherein the condensing unit enables the luminous flux emitted from the light source unit to be reduced at 65-90 degrees.
13. The lighting device of claim 12, wherein the condensing unit is disposed on a plate.
14. The lighting device of claim 13, wherein the plate contains any one material of
15. The lighting device of claim 13, wherein the micro lens array is wherein the microlens array is made of a different material from that of the plate.
16. The lighting device of claim 13, wherein the microlens array is directly formed on the plate.
17. The lighting device of 15, wherein the microlens array is made of a photocurable or thermosetting resin.