1. A photoelectric conversion element comprising a compound represented by the following formula (1) between a pair of opposed electrodes:
wherein Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, provided that Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 may be combined with each other to form a ring; X is an organic residue having an acidic group; and n is an integer of 2 to 8.
2. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 1, wherein the acidic group is at least one selected from the group of a carboxy group, a phospho group and a sulfo group.
3. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 1, wherein, in formula (1), n is 2 to 6.
4. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 1, wherein in formula (1), n is 2 or 3.
5. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 1, wherein the organic residue having an acidic group is one selected from the group of
6. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 1, wherein the formula (1) is represented by formula (2):
wherein R1 is a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; X1 is the same as defined in X; and a1 is an integer of 0 to 4.
7. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 1, wherein the formula (1) is represented by formula (3):
wherein R21 and R22 are each a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; X2 is the same as defined in X; and a2 and b are each an integer of 0 to 4.
8. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 1, wherein a semiconductor layer and an electrolyte layer are provided between the opposed electrodes and the semiconductor layer comprised a semiconductor bearing the compound represented by formula (1).
9. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 8, wherein the semiconductor is at least one selected from the group consisting of TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, Fe2O3, WO3, Nb2O5, CdS and PbS.
10. The photoelectric conversion element of claim 8, wherein the semiconductor is TiO2.
11. A solar cell comprising a photoelectric conversion element, wherein the photoelectric conversion element comprises a compound represented by the following formula (1) between a pair of opposed electrodes:
wherein Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, provided that Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 may be combined with each other to form a ring; X is an organic residue having an acidic group; and n is an integer of 2 to 8.
12. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein the acidic group is at least one selected from the group of a carboxy group, a phospho group and a sulfo group.
13. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein, in formula (1), n is 2 or 6.
14. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein in formula (1), n is 2 or 3.
15. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein the organic residue having an acidic group is one selected from the group consisting of
16. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein the formula (1) is represented by formula (2):
wherein R1 is a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; X1 is the same as defined in X; and a1 is an integer of 0 to 4.
17. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein the formula (1) is represented by formula (3):
wherein R21 and R22 are each a halogen atom; a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; X2 is the same as defined in X; and a2 and b are each an integer of 0 to 4.
18. The solar cell of claim 11, wherein a semiconductor layer and an electrolyte layer are provided between the opposed electrodes and the semiconductor layer comprised a semiconductor bearing the compound represented by formula (1).
19. The solar cell of claim 18, wherein the semiconductor is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti2, ZnO, SnO2, Fe2O3, WO3, Nb2O5, CdS and PbS.
20. The solar cell of claim 18, wherein the semiconductor is TiO2.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of producing a grid for a battery plate comprising:
providing a rotary expander for forming a large number of zigzag slits in a metal sheet having two or more opposed disk cutter rolls, each of said disk cutter rolls having:
a plurality of disk cutters on a same shaft with forming a gap therebetween, each of said disk cutters being configured by:
alternately forming ridges in which a peripheral side face protrudes toward an outer periphery from a reference circumferential face of a predetermined radius,
and valleys in which a peripheral side face composed of a face substantially extending along said circumferential face is formed, in a whole periphery of a peripheral edge of a disk, said reference circumferential face being centered at an axis of said disk; and,
for each of said valleys, forming a groove which is opened in a peripheral side face of said valley, in a peripheral edge portion of one of disk faces in which said valleys that are adjacent to each other via a ridge are formed in an oppositely reverse manner, wherein:
in each of said disk cutters, an inclined face is formed in each of said peripheral side faces which extend from apexes of ridges formed on both sides of each of said valleys to said valley, said inclined face more approaching the axis as being nearer to said one of said disk faces in which said groove of said valley is formed; and
passing said metal sheet between said two or more opposed disk cutter rolls.
2. A method of producing a grid for a battery plate according to claim 1, wherein said inclined face is formed from a position of each of said peripheral side faces of said ridges, to each of said valleys, the position being higher than said valleys by one third or more of a height in a radial direction of said disk cutter, said height extending from each of said valleys to each of said apexes of said ridges.
3. A method of producing a grid for a battery plate according to claim 1, wherein an inclined angle of said inclined face is substantially equal to or smaller than 40 degrees with respect to the reference circumferential face.