1. A method of accessing a shared communication medium, comprising:
determining a priority of traffic to be transmitted on the shared communication medium;
obtaining a weighted delay range limit factor by applying a weight, in an exponent of an exponential factor for limiting a range of delays, to a number of attempts to transmit the traffic, the weight being based on the priority and controlling a rate of change of the exponent with a change in the number of attempts to transmit the traffic;
determining a range of delays based on the weighted delay range limit factor;
calculating a back-off time based on a delay within the range of delays; and
transmitting the traffic on the shared communication medium after the back-off time has elapsed.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the traffic transmission is successful; and
repeating the steps of obtaining a delay range limit factor, determining a range of delays, calculating a back-off time, and transmitting the traffic after the back-off time has elapsed, where the traffic transmission is not successful.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before determining a priority:
transmitting the traffic on the shared communication medium; and
determining whether the traffic transmission is successful,
wherein the steps of determining a priority, obtaining a delay range limit factor, determining a range of delays, calculating a back-off time, and transmitting the traffic after the back-off time has elapsed are performed where the traffic transmission is not successful.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the traffic comprises a priority indication, and wherein determining the priority of the traffic comprises determining the priority indication in the traffic.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing a mapping table which maps different traffic priorities to respective weights to thereby determine the weight based on the priority.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the traffic from a traffic source,
wherein determining the priority of the traffic comprises determining a priority of the traffic source.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the range of delays comprises (0, 2min(x,f(W,attempts)\u22121),
where
x is a maximum value of the exponent;
W is the weight; and
attempts is the number of traffic transmission attempts.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein
f
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W
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attempts
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=
Integer
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W
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(
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1
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.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein determining whether the traffic transmission is successful comprises detecting a collision.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein determining whether the traffic transmission is successful comprises determining whether the traffic transmission is acknowledged by an intended receiver of the traffic transmission.
11. A computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed perform the method of claim 1.
12. A system for providing access to a shared communication medium, comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit traffic on the shared communication medium; and
a flow controller configured to determine a priority of the traffic, to obtain a weighted delay range limit factor by applying a weight, in an exponent of an exponential factor for limiting a range of delays, to a number of attempts to transmit the traffic, the weight being based on the priority and controlling a rate of change of the exponent with a change in the number of attempts to transmit the traffic, to calculate a back-off time based on a delay within a range of delays determined using the weighted delay range limit factor, and to control the transmitter to transmit the traffic after the back-off time has elapsed.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the flow controller is further configured to determine whether the traffic transmission is successful, and to obtain a weighted delay range limit factor, calculate a back-off time, and control the transmitter to re-transmit the traffic where the traffic transmission is not successful.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the flow controller is further configured to initially control the transmitter to transmit the traffic, to determine whether the traffic transmission is successful, and, where the traffic transmission is not successful, to obtain a weighted delay range limit factor, calculate a back-off time, and control the transmitter to transmit the traffic after the back-off time has elapsed.
15. The system of claim 12, wherein the flow controller is configured to determine the priority of the traffic based on at least one traffic characteristic selected from the group consisting of: a priority indication in the traffic, a source of the traffic, and a type of the traffic.
16. The system method of claim 12, further comprising:
a memory configured to store a mapping table which maps different traffic priorities to respective weights,
wherein the flow controller is further configured to access the mapping table in the memory to thereby determine the weight based on the priority.
17. The system of claim 12, further comprising:
a plurality of registers, comprising respective registers configured to store the weight and the delay range limit factor.
18. The system of claim 13, wherein the range of delays comprises (0, 2min(x,f(W,attempts)\u22121),
where
x is a maximum value of the exponent;
W is the weight; and
attempts is the number of traffic transmission attempts.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein
f
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attempts
)
=
Integer
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attempts
)
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attempts
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1
1
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W
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attempts
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\u2264
1
.
20. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
a receiver configured to detect a collision between the traffic and traffic transmitted by another transmitter configured to transmit traffic on the shared communication medium,
wherein the flow controller determines that the traffic transmission is not successful responsive to a collision detection by the receiver.
21. The system of claim 12, implemented in at least one of a plurality of access devices connected to the shared communication medium.
22. The system of claim 12, implemented in a network card in at least one of a plurality of access devices connected to the shared communication medium.
23. The system of claim 12, implemented in a Media Access Control (MAC) device.
24. The system of claim 12, wherein the shared communication medium is selected from the group consisting of: an Ethernet communication medium and a wireless communication medium.
25. The system of claim 12, comprising a plurality of the transmitters and a respective plurality of the flow controllers.
26. An interface card for an access device having a plurality of interfaces configured to receive traffic from a plurality of traffic sources, the interface card for providing access to a shared communication medium and comprising:
a plurality of transmitters configured to transmit on the shared communication medium traffic received from respective ones of the plurality of interfaces; and
a plurality of flow controllers respectively associated with the plurality of interfaces and the plurality of transmitters, each flow controller being configured to determine a priority of traffic received from its associated interface, to obtain a weighted delay range limit factor by applying a weight, in an exponent of an exponential factor for limiting a range of delays, to a number of attempts to transmit the traffic, the weight being based on the priority and controlling a rate of change of the exponent with a change in the number of traffic transmission attempts, to calculate a back-off time based on a delay within a range of delays determined using the weighted delay range limit factor, and to control its associated transmitter to transmit the traffic based on the calculated back-off time.
27. The interface card of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of flow controllers is further configured to initially control its associated transmitter to transmit the traffic received from its associated interface, to determine whether the traffic transmission is successful, and, where the traffic transmission is not successful, to obtain a weighted delay range limit factor, calculate a back-off time, and control the transmitter to transmit the traffic based on the calculated back-off time.
28. The interface card of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of interfaces is assigned a traffic priority.
29. An Ethernet communication network access method comprising:
detecting a collision for traffic transmitted in the Ethernet communication network;
determining a priority and corresponding weight for the transmitted traffic;
calculating a back-off time based on a randomly selected delay; and
re-transmitting the transmitted traffic after the back-off time has elapsed,
wherein the delay is selected from a delay range defined by a weighted delay range limit factor obtained by applying the weight, in an exponent of an exponential limit factor for limiting the delay range, to a number of attempts to transmit the traffic, the weight controlling a rate of change of the exponent with a change in the number of traffic transmission attempts.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein calculating comprises calculating a product of the delay and a time interval.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the back-off time comprises an integer number of time slots, further comprising:
decrementing the back-off time once per time slot.
32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
determining whether the Ethernet communication network is idle,
wherein decrementing comprises decrementing the back-off time once for each time slot in which the Ethernet communication network is idle.
33. The method of claim 31, wherein the integer number comprises the delay.
34. An access device for an Ethernet communication network, comprising:
a transceiver configured to transmit and receive traffic on a shared Ethernet communication medium; and
a flow controller configured to detect a collision of transmitted traffic on the shared Ethernet communication medium, to determine a priority of the transmitted traffic and a corresponding weight, and to re-transmit the transmitted traffic after a delay has elapsed,
wherein the delay is randomly selected from a delay range defined by a weighted delay range limit factor obtained by applying the weight, in an exponent of an exponential limit factor for limiting the delay range, to a number of attempts to transmit the traffic, the weight controlling a rate of change of the exponent with a change in the number of traffic transmission attempts.
35. The access device of claim 34, wherein the shared communication medium comprises a hub device connected to an Ethernet communication link.
36. The system of claim 34, wherein the weight comprises one of a plurality of weights, the plurality of weights providing different rates of change of the exponent for respective traffic priorities.
37. An Ethernet communication network comprising:
a plurality of access devices as defined in claim 34,
an Ethernet communication link; and
an Ethernet hub device connected to the plurality of access devices and to the Ethernet communication link,
whereby the plurality of access devices have priority-based access to the Ethernet communication link.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A magnetic separator for separating particles from a fluid, comprising
a collection chamber through which the fluid is arranged to flow, and
a device for producing a magnetic field by means of which the particles are retained in a collector region of the collection chamber during a collection phase,
wherein the magnetic separator comprises a sluice chamber having a closable inlet opening through which the particles collected in the collection chamber are transferable into the sluice chamber, and also having a closable extraction opening through which the particles are removable from the sluice chamber.
2. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sluice chamber is disposed below the collection chamber.
3. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sluice chamber tapers, preferably conically, towards the extraction opening.
4. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the wall of the sluice chamber is provided at least partially with a non-stick coating, preferably a non-stick coating of polytetrafluoroethylene.
5. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the inlet opening is closable by means of a pivotal flap.
6. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the extraction opening is closable by means of a slider.
7. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the volume of the interior of the sluice chamber substantially corresponds to the volume of particles collected in the collection chamber during the collection phase.
8. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the fluid is adapted to flow from top to bottom through the collection chamber.
9. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the magnetic separator comprises guide means for producing a substantially helical flow through the collection chamber.
10. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the collection chamber has a substantially cylindrical shape.
11. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 10, wherein the collection chamber has a feed inlet through which the fluid flows into the collection chamber substantially tangentially relative to the inner surface of the wall of the collection chamber.
12. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the magnetic separator comprises a return feed which flows into an aperture opening in the collection chamber and extends upwardly from the aperture opening.
13. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 12, wherein, in the vicinity of the aperture opening, a central axis of the return feed includes an angle of at least approximately 30 degrees with the horizontal.
14. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the device for producing the magnetic field comprises at least one magnetic element which is movable relative to the collection chamber.
15. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 14, wherein the magnetic element is pivotal relative to the collection chamber.
16. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 14, wherein the magnetic element is disposed on a mounting element of ferromagnetic material.
17. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the magnetic separator comprises a receptacle for an air-cushion, said receptacle communicating with the collector region of the collection chamber.
18. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 17, wherein the air cushion is disposed above the collector region.
19. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 17, wherein the receptacle for the air cushion comprises a substantially cylindrical accommodating tube.
20. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the magnetic separator comprises at least two collection chambers through which the fluid is arranged to flow alternately.
21. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least two collection chambers are arranged in a common housing.
22. A magnetic separator in accordance with claim 21, wherein the common housing comprises a substantially cylindrical section.