1. A concrete mesh, comprising:
a first wire comprising a first loop; and
a second wire comprising a second loop that mates with the first loop.
2. The concrete mesh of claim 1, wherein a reinforcing wire is attached to the first wire.
3. The concrete mesh of claim 2, wherein the reinforcing wire is attached to the first wire by welding.
4. The concrete mesh of claim 2, wherein the reinforcing wire comprises a tight loop.
5. The concrete mesh of claim 4, wherein the reinforcing wire is attached to the first wire by attaching the first loop to the tight loop.
6. The concrete mesh of claim 1, wherein the first wire and the second wire are identical.
7. The concrete mesh of claim 1, wherein liquid concrete is poured into the mesh.
8. A concrete mesh, comprising:
a plurality of first wires comprising a plurality of first loops; and
a plurality of second wires comprising a plurality of second loops, wherein the plurality of first loops mutually receive the plurality of second loops.
9. The concrete mesh of claim 7, wherein the first wires are disposed to be parallel to one another.
10. The concrete mesh of claim 7, wherein the first wires are identical to one another.
11. The concrete mesh of claim 9, wherein the second wires are identical to the first wires.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electrostatic precipitator, comprising:
a plurality of configurable parallel and serial precipitator zones;
a plurality of high-voltage supply units each assigned to one of the plurality of zones;
a plurality of auxiliary functional units each assigned to one of the plurality of zones; and
a control entity having a server component and a client module, the control entity incorporating different software modules allowing access to data of the electrostatic precipitator, the high-voltage supply units, and the auxiliary functional units so data can be visually displayed, stored or used as a basis for optimizing the electrostatic precipitator operation,
wherein the electrostatic precipitator, the high-voltage supply units and the auxiliary functional units are set-up via the server component of the control entity, by the software modules, as objects having characteristic properties and characteristic methods, where the objects are accessible by the client modules via data interfaces as information present only in the server component.
2. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary functional units are selected from the group consisting of: discharge wire rappers, insulator heaters, purge air fans, purge air heaters, high-voltage rectifiers, collecting plate rappers, dust hopper heaters, dust hopper fill-level indicators, dust extractors and combinations thereof.
3. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in claim 2, wherein characteristic properties of the electrostatic precipitator object present on the server component comprises:
a name or an identification of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
a number relating to the zones of the electrostatic precipitator, and
a position relating to the zones in the electrostatic precipitator, andor
an assignment of the high-voltage supply units to the precipitator zones, andor
a planned emission value of the electrostatic precipitator, and
an actual emission value of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
an assignment of the planned and actual emission values to precipitator zones of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
process values of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
a current optimization mode of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
a current operating mode.
4. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in the claim 3, wherein characteristic methods of the electrostatic precipitator object present on the server component are determined in the electrostatic precipitator object present on the server component and comprise a total electrical power or a partial electrical powers of the serial and parallel precipitator zones.
5. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in claim 2, wherein characteristic properties of the high-voltage supply units objects present on the server component comprise:
a name or the identification of the respective high-voltage supply unit, andor
a planned value for voltage, a current and a power at the respective high-voltage supply unit, and
an actual value for voltage, the current and the power at the respective high-voltage supply unit, and
a status report of the respective high-voltage supply units, andor
an error report of the respective high-voltage supply units, andor
process signals and associated scaling that are specified at the control entity, andor
an operating parameter set at the respective high-voltage supply unit.
6. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the process signals are 0 to 20 mA signals.
7. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the characteristic methods of the high-voltage supply unit objects present on the server component are determined in the respective high-voltage supply unit object and comprise:
average power values over defined time periods, andor
switching actions with a remote indication, andor
error acknowledgements, andor
process temperature values in degrees Celsius, andor
the setting of planned values andor
the selection of operating modes, wherein the operating modes are selected from the group consisting of: optimization, oscilloscope start-up, and recording the UI characteristic curve.
8. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in claim 7, wherein individual objects derived from the electrostatic precipitator objects or high-voltage supply unit objects or auxiliary functional unit class are creatable by the client modules.
9. The electrostatic precipitator as claimed in claim 8, wherein classes are definable by optimization programs of the client modules, where one or more precipitator zones of the electrostatic precipitator are represented by the classes.
10. A control method for electrostatic precipitators, comprising:
configuring a plurality of parallel and serial precipitator zones;
assigning a high-voltage supply unit and an auxiliary functional unit to each of the plurality of parallel and serial precipitator zones; and
accessing a data of the electrostatic precipitators, the high-voltage supply units and the auxiliary functional units by different software modules so the data can be visually displayed, stored or used as a basis for optimizing the electrostatic precipitator operation,
wherein the electrostatic precipitator, the high-voltage supply units and the auxiliary functional units are set-up via only one server component of a control entity, by the software modules, as objects having characteristic properties and characteristic methods, and that client modules of the control entity access the objects, which have been set up solely in the server component, via data interfaces.
11. The control method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the auxiliary functional units are selected from the group consisting of: discharge wire rappers, insulator heaters, purge air fans, purge air heaters, high-voltage rectifiers, collecting plate rappers, gas distribution hoppers, dust hopper heaters, dust hopper fill-level indicators and dust extractors of the electrostatic precipitators.
12. The control method as claimed in claim 11, wherein characteristic properties of the electrostatic precipitator object present on the server component comprise:
a name or an identification of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
a number relating to the zones of the electrostatic precipitator and
a position relating to the zones in the electrostatic precipitator, andor
the assignment of the high-voltage supply units to the precipitator zones, andor
planned and actual emission values of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
an assignment of the planned and actual emission values to the precipitator zone of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
process temperature and flow volume values of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
a current optimization mode of the electrostatic precipitator, andor
a current operating start-up or optimization of energy consumption mode.
13. The control method as claimed in claim 12, wherein characteristic methods of the electrostatic precipitator object present on the server component are determined in the electrostatic precipitator object present on the server component and comprise a total electrical power or a partial electrical powers of the serial and parallel precipitator zones.
14. The control method as claimed in claim 11, wherein characteristic properties of the high-voltage supply units objects present on the server component comprise:
a name or the identification of the respective high-voltage supply unit, andor
a planned value for a voltage, a current and a power at the respective high-voltage supply unit, and
an actual value for the voltage, the current and the power at the respective high-voltage supply unit, and
a status report of the respective high-voltage supply units, andor
an error report of the respective high-voltage supply units, andor
process signals and associated scaling between 0 to 20 mA signals that are specified at the control entity, andor
an operating parameter set at the respective high-voltage supply unit.
15. The control method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the characteristic methods of the high-voltage supply unit objects present on the server component are determined in the respective high-voltage supply unit object and comprise:
average power values over defined time periods, andor
switching actions with remote indication, andor
error acknowledgements, andor
process temperature values in degrees Celsius, andor
the setting of planned values andor
the selection of operating modes, wherein the operating modes are selected from the group consisting of: optimization, oscilloscope start-up, and recording the UI characteristic curve.
16. The control method as claimed in claim 15, wherein individual objects derived from the electrostatic precipitator objects or high-voltage supply unit objects or auxiliary functional unit class are creatable by the client modules.
17. The control method as claimed in claim 16, wherein classes are definable by optimization programs of the client modules, where one or more precipitator zones of the electrostatic precipitator are represented by the classes.