1. A magnetic memory comprising:
a magnetoresistance effect element having a magnetic recording layer;
a writing wiring extending in a first direction on or below the magnetoresistance effect element, in an axial cross section of the wiring, a width of a part closer to the magnetoresistance effect element being greater than a width of a part remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element; and
a writing circuit configured to pass a current through the writing wiring to record information in the magnetic recording layer by a magnetic field generated by the current.
2. A magnetic memory according to claim 1, wherein a face of the wiring which counters the magnetoresistance effect element is curving to a concave when taken from the magnetoresistance effect element.
3. A magnetic memory according to claim 1, wherein a side surface of the wiring has a flat surface.
4. A magnetic memory according to claim 1, wherein a side surface of the wiring has a curved surface.
5. A magnetic memory according to claim 1, further comprising a covering layer provided on the writing wiring,
wherein the covering layer is provided on at least one of both sides and a face remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element of the writing wiring.
6. A magnetic memory according to claim 5, wherein the covering layer has a projecting part which projects toward the magnetoresistance effect element from the writing wiring.
7. A magnetic memory comprising:
a magnetoresistance effect element having a magnetic recording layer;
a writing wiring extending in a first direction on or below the magnetoresistance effect element, an axial cross section of the wiring having a first part closer to the magnetoresistance effect element and a second part remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element, the second part having a width smaller than a width of the first part; and
a writing circuit configured to pass a current through the writing wiring to record information in the magnetic recording layer by a magnetic field generated by the current.
8. A magnetic memory according to claim 7, wherein a face of the wiring which counters the magnetoresistance effect element is curving to a concave when taken from the magnetoresistance effect element.
9. A magnetic memory according to claim 7, wherein a side surface of the wiring has a flat surface.
10. A magnetic memory according to claim 7, wherein a side surface of the wiring has a curved surface.
11. A magnetic memory according to claim 7, further comprising a covering layer provided on the writing wiring,
wherein the covering layer is provided on at least one of both sides and a face remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element of the writing wiring.
12. A magnetic memory according to claim 11, wherein the covering layer has a projecting part which projects toward the magnetoresistance effect element from the writing wiring.
13. A magnetic memory comprising:
a magnetoresistance effect element having a magnetic recording layer;
a first writing wiring extending in a first direction below the magnetoresistance effect element, in an axial cross section of the first writing wiring, a width of a part closer to the magnetoresistance effect element being greater than a width of a part remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element;
a second writing wiring extending in a second direction to intersect the first direction on the magnetoresistance effect element, in an axial cross section of the second writing wiring, a width of a part closer to the magnetoresistance effect element being greater than a width of a part remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element; and
a writing circuit configured to pass currents through the first and second writing wirings to record information in the magnetic recording layer by magnetic fields generated by the currents.
14. A magnetic memory according to claim 13, further comprising a reading wiring extending in a third direction to supply a sense current to the magnetoresistance effect element, wherein
an axial cross section of the reading wiring is formed into a shape which is symmetric in a vertical direction.
15. A magnetic memory according to claim 13, wherein a side surface of at least one of the first and second writing wirings has a flat surface.
16. A magnetic memory according to claim 13, wherein a side surface of at least one of the first and second writing wirings has a curved surface.
17. A magnetic memory according to claim 13, further comprising a covering layer provided on at least one of the first and second writing wirings,
wherein the covering layer is formed on at least one of both sides and a face remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element of the wiring.
18. A magnetic memory according to claim 17, wherein the covering layer has a projecting part which projects toward the magnetoresistance effect element from the writing wiring.
19. A magnetic memory comprising:
a magnetoresistance effect element having a magnetic recording layer;
a first writing wiring extending in a first direction below the magnetoresistance effect element, an axial cross section of the first writing wiring having a first part closer to the magnetoresistance effect element and a second part remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element, the second part having a width smaller than a width of the first part;
a second writing wiring extending in a second direction to intersect the first direction on the magnetoresistance effect element, an axial cross section of the second writing wiring having a third part closer to the magnetoresistance effect element and a fourth part remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element, the fourth part having a width smaller than a width of the third part; and
a writing circuit configured to pass currents through the first and second writing wirings to record information in the magnetic recording layer by magnetic fields generated by the currents.
20. A magnetic memory according to claim 19, further comprising a reading wiring extending in a third direction to supply a sense current to the magnetoresistance effect element, wherein
an axial cross section of the reading wiring is formed into a shape which is symmetric in a vertical direction.
21. A magnetic memory according to claim 19, wherein a side surface of at least one of the first and second writing wirings has a flat surface.
22. A magnetic memory according to claim 19, wherein a side surface of at least one of the first and second writing wirings has a curved surface.
23. A magnetic memory according to claim 19, further comprising a covering layer provided on at least one of the first and second writing wirings,
wherein the covering layer is formed on at least one of both sides and a face remoter from the magnetoresistance effect element of the wiring.
24. A magnetic memory according to claim 23, wherein the covering layer has a projecting part which projects toward the magnetoresistance effect element from the writing wiring on which the covering layer is provided.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of making a slurry coated electrode, the method comprising:
dry blending dry carbon particles and dry binder to form a dry mixture comprised of the dry carbon particles and the dry binder;
liquefying the dry mixture with a solution to form a slurry;
applying the slurry to a current collector;
drying the slurry; and
compacting the current collector and slurry.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of fibrillizing the mixture.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the fibrillizing step comprises dry fibrillizing the mixture.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the fibrillizing step comprises subjecting the mixture to high shear forces.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the fibrillizing step utilizes a pressure.
6. The product of claim 5, wherein the pressure comprises a pressure of more than 60 PSI.
7. The product of claim 5, wherein the pressure is applied during the step of compacting. wherein the pressure comprises a pressure of more than 60 PSI.
8. The product of claim 7, wherein the pressure comprises a pressure of more than 60 PSI.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of treating the current collector prior to applying the slurry to improve adhesion between the current collector and slurry.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of treating the current collector further comprises coating the current collector with a bonding agent prior to applying the slurry.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of treating the current collector further comprises roughening a surface of the current collector prior to applying the slurry.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the dry binder comprises a fluoropolymer.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fluoropolymer particles comprise PTFE.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises conductive particles.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises activated carbon particles.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises approximately 50% to 99% activated carbon.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the mixture comprises approximately 0% to 30% conductive carbon.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the mixture comprises approximately 1% to 50% fluoropolymer particles.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the mixture comprises approximately 50% to 99% activated carbon, approximately 0% to 30% conductive carbon, and approximately 1% to 50% fluoropolymer.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution comprises deionized water.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the current collector comprises aluminum.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of applying the suspension comprises coating the current collector with the slurry using a doctor blade, a slot die, or a direct or reverse gravure process.
23. A blend of dry particles fibrillized for use in the manufacture of a coated electrode, comprising:
a mixture of dry fibrillized dry carbon and dry binder particles.
24. The particles of claim 23, wherein the dry binder particles comprise a polymer, and wherein the dry carbon particles comprise activated and conductive carbon.
25. The particles of claim 24, wherein the binder comprises fluoropolymer particles.
26. The particles of claim 25, wherein the binder comprises PTFE.
27. The particles of claim 24, wherein the binder comprises particles subjected to pressure.
28. The particles of claim 27, wherein the pressure is applied by a gas with a pressure of at least 10 PSI.
29. The particles of claim 27, wherein the pressure is applied by a jet mill.
30. The particles of claim 27, wherein the pressure is applied by a roll-mill.
31. The particles of claim 27, wherein the pressure is applied by a hammer mill.
32. The particles of claim 25, wherein the electrode is an energy storage device electrode.
33. The particles of claim 32, wherein the energy storage device is a capacitor.
34. An electrode, comprising;
a dry blend of dry carbon particles and dry binder particles subjected to high shear forces.
35. The electrode of claim 34, wherein the blend comprises approximately 50% to 99% activated carbon.
36. The electrode of claim 34, wherein the blend comprises approximately 0% to 30% conductive carbon.
37. The electrode of claim 34, wherein the blend comprises approximately 1% to 50% fluoropolymer.
38. The electrode of claim 34, wherein the blend comprises approximately 50% to 99% carbon, approximately 0% to 30% conductive carbon, and approximately 1% to 50% fluoropolymer.
39. The electrode of claim 34, wherein the electrode is a capacitor electrode.
40. The electrode of claim 39, wherein the electrode is a double-layer capacitor electrode.
41. The electrode of claim 34, wherein the electrode is a battery electrode.
42. The electrode of claim 34, wherein the electrode is a fuel-cell electrode.
43. The electrode of claim 34, further comprising a current collector, wherein the binder and carbon particles are in the form of a coated dried slurry, wherein the slurry is coupled to the current collector.
44. A capacitor product, comprising;
a dry fibrillized blend of dry particles subjected to high shear forces, the particles including binder and carbon particles; and
one or more current collector, wherein the blend of dry particles are disposed onto the one or more current collector as a coating.
45. The product of claim 44, wherein between the one or more current collector and the dry particles is disposed a bonding layer.
46. The product of claim 44, wherein the one or more current collector comprises aluminum.
47. The product of claim 465, further comprising a housing, wherein the one or more current collector is shaped as a roll, wherein the roll is disposed within the housing.
48. The product of claim 47, wherein within the housing is disposed an electrolyte.
49. The product of claim 48, wherein the electrolyte comprises acetonitrile.
50. The product of claim 44, wherein the operating voltage of the capacitor is limited by the electro chemical potential window of the capacitor.
51. An energy storage device, comprising:
fibrillized electrode means for providing coated electrode functionality in an energy storage device.
52. A capacitor, the capacitor comprising:
a housing;
a cover;
a collector, the collector disposed in the housing, the collector comprising two ends, a first end coupled to the housing, a second end coupled to the cover;
a dried electrode slurry, the dried electrode slurry disposed as a coating onto the collector, the dried electrode slurry comprising a dry fibrillized blend of dry carbon and dry polymer, the dry fibrillized blend comprising of essentially no processing additive; and
an electrolyte, the electrolyte disposed in the housing.
53. The capacitor of claim 52, wherein the capacitor comprises a capacitance of greater than or equal to 0.1 Farad.