1. A portable navigation system comprises:
a display unit;
a position measuring unit adapted to receive information about current location of a user;
at least one database to store and provide maps, map attributes, road networks, geographical features, and point-of-interest (POI) information; and
an information providing unit configured to provide a notification message with new city information therein to the user on said display unit when the user is entering a new city.
2. The portable navigation system of claim 1, wherein the portable navigation system further comprises a detecting unit communicatively coupled with the position measuring unit and the database to detect whether the user is entering the new city.
3. The portable navigation system of claim 2, wherein the detecting unit indicates the user is entering the new city when the user is moving across city border line, or the user is moving a predetermined distance away from an airport of the new city.
4. The portable navigation system of claim 1, wherein the portable navigation system further comprises a memory unit adapted to store a first visiting date of the new city, compare a second visiting date with the first visiting date of the new city, and if the new city has been visited repeatedly within a predetermined period of time, the new city information is not displayed to the user.
5. The portable navigation system of claim 3, wherein the portable navigation system provides a city selection table which allows the user to determine the size of city to receive new city information.
6. The portable navigation system of claim 5, wherein the notification message containing new city information is provided to the user when the user is entering the new city of the driver’s preferable size.
7. The portable navigation system of claim 1, wherein the new city information is stored in the database of the navigation system, or transmitted from a remote server, the Internet or other communication networks.
8. A method of providing new city information from a navigation device to a user comprises the steps of:
receiving a first position of the user;
storing the user’s first position when the device is turned off, retrieving the user’s second position when the device is again turned on and comparing the user’s second position with the user’s first position stored in the device;
determining whether the user is entering a new city;
providing a notification message to the user if the user is entering the new city and allowing the user to retrieve new city information in said notification message; and
displaying the new city information to the user on a display unit.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of determining whether the user is entering a new city comprises a step of determining whether the user is moving across city border line or whether the user is moving a predetermined distance away from an airport of the new city.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein a detecting unit, which is communicatively coupled with a map information memory and a position measuring device, is adapted to determine the user is moving across city border line or whether the user is moving a predetermined distance away from an airport of the new city.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of determining whether the user is entering a new city comprises a step of providing a city selection table to the user to determine the size of the city to receive new city information.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of allowing the user to retrieve new city information comprises a step of retrieving the new city information from a database of a navigation system, or from a remote server, the Internet or other communication networks.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of displaying the new city information to the user comprises a step of storing a first visiting date of the new city, comparing a second visiting date with the first visiting date of the new city, and if the new city has been visited repeatedly within a predetermined period of time, the new city information is not displayed to the user.
14. An apparatus for providing new city information to a user comprises:
a user interface;
a position measuring unit to provide the user’s current position;
an information providing unit; and
a detecting unit,
wherein the position measuring unit stores the user’s first position where the apparatus is turned off and retrieves the user’s second position where the apparatus is again turned on, and the information providing unit is adapted to provide a notification message with new city information to the user on the user interface if the user is entering a new city.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the detecting unit, which is communicatively coupled with the position measuring unit and at least one map database, indicates the user is entering a new city when the user is moving across city border line, or the user is moving a predetermined distance away from an airport of the new city.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus further comprises a memory unit adapted to store a first visiting date of the new city, compare a second visiting date with the first visiting date of the new city, and if the new city has been visited repeatedly within a predetermined period of time, the new city information is not displayed to the user.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus provides a city selection table which allows the user to determine the size of city to receive new city information.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the notification message containing new city information is provided to the user when the driver is entering the new city of the user’s preferable size.
19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the new city information is stored in the database of the apparatus, or transmitted from a remote server, the Internet or other communication networks.
20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the user interface comprises a voice recognition unit adapted to recognize the user’s response when the information providing unit provides the new city information to the user by voice.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Process for preparing aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersions which are stable to thermal yellowing, comprising the steps of reacting polyisocyanates, polymeric polyols or polymeric polyamines, or both, and isocyanate-reactive hydrophilicizing compounds to form an NCO-containing prepolymer, and conducting a chain extension reaction with hydrazine or derivatives thereof, or both, characterized in that the reaction for preparing the prepolymer or the further chain extension reaction or else both reaction steps are carried out in the presence of methyl acetate.
2. Process according to claim 1, wherein
A) the NCO-containing polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting
A1) polyisocyanates with
A2) polymeric polyols, polyamines or both, wherein the polyols, polyamines or both having number-average molecular weights of 400 to 8000 gmol,
A3) optionally, low molecular weight polyalcohols, polyamines or amino alcohols, having number-average molecular weights of 17 to 400 gmol, and
A4) isocyanate-reactive, ionically, potentially ionically, nonionically hydrophilicizing compounds or a mixture thereof,
A5) optionally, in plasticizers or solvents which boil above 100\xb0 C., which are non-ketonic and which are inert or only very slightly reactive towards isocyanate and hydrazine,
A6) optionally, in methyl acetate,
B) either the prepolymer obtained from step A is dissolved in a solvent A5), A6) or both or, if the preparation has already been carried out dissolved in the presence of A5) andor A6), the prepolymer solution is, optionally, dissolved diluted by further addition of solvents A5, A6 or both, and
C) the remaining free NCO groups of the prepolymer are reacted with hydrazine or derivatives thereof so as to attain an arithmetic degree of chain extension of 40% to 150%.
3. Process according to claim 2, wherein the arithmetic degree of chain extension of 60% to 120% is attained.
4. Process according to claim 2, wherein the arithmetic degree of chain extension of 80% to 105% is attained.
5. Process according to claim 2, wherein arithmetic degree of chain extension of 85% to 100% is attained.
6. Process according to claim 1, wherein the chain extenders are hydrazides or monosubstituted or 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines of the formula (I) to (IV)
wherein
R1 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 6 to 20 carbon atoms,
m is=1,
R2, R3 is hydrogen or has the same definition as R1,
R4 is an alkyl radical having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
7. Process according to claim 6, wherein
m is 1 to 3 is, and
R4 is an alkyl radical having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
8. Process according to claim 1, wherein the chain extenders are hydrazine hydrates, an aqueous hydrazine solution or dicarboxylic dihydrazides.
9. Process according to claim 1, wherein the chain extenders are hydrazine hydrates or an aqueous hydrazine solution.
10. An aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion stable towards thermal yellowing, produced in accordance with the process of claim 1.
11. (canceled)
12. A coating, adhesive bond, sealant or moulding produced from an aqueous polyurethane-polyurea dispersion according to claim 10.
13. A substrate coated with a coating according to claim 12.