1. A method of surgery, comprising the steps of:
forming a tibial socket in a bone, the tibial socket having an entrance and a sidewall;
introducing a flexible strand transversely into the tibial socket through the sidewall of the tibial socket;
pulling a portion of the strand out through the socket entrance;
engaging a graft with the portion of the strand pulled out of the socket entrance; and
pulling the flexible strand and the graft engaged thereto into the tibial socket.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of pulling a portion of the strand out through the tibial socket entrance is followed by a step of forming a loop in the strand outside the entrance to the tibial socket for engaging the graft.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming a tibial socket further comprises forming the socket in a retrograde manner by introducing a guide pin through the tibia, attaching a retrograde cutter to the guide pin into the joint space, and retrograde cutting into tibia from an articular surface of the tibia and into the bone.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the retrograde cutter is a dual-sided rotary drill cutter comprising two opposed sides provided with cutting surfaces on both sides, such that the rotary drill cutter is configured for cutting in two directions.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the retrograde cutter is a flip retrograde cutter comprising a shaft and a blade at a distal end of the shaft, the blade being securely engaged to the shaft and capable of movement from a first position generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the body to a second position which is not aligned with the longitudinal axis.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of forming a loop in the graft and engaging the loop in the graft with the portion of the strand pulled out through the tibial socket.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of supporting the graft in the tibial socket.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of supporting the graft in the tibial socket is performed using a transverse implant.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the transverse implant is cannulated, the method further comprising the step of guiding the transverse implant using the strand.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of providing a guide system comprising a handle, a hook attached to the handle, and a guide including a passageway oriented at an angle to allow drilling about parallel to the tibial plateau.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of drilling transversely through the tibia and the tibial socket, and above the growth plate in a pediatric patient.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of attaching the graft to a fixation device and subsequently securing the graft in the femur.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fixation device is a suturebutton loop construct having a button with at least one eyelet and a continuous suture loop attached to the eyelet.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of positioning the graft attached to the suturebutton loop construct into a femoral socket, and securing the button to the femoral cortex.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the femoral socket is formed by retrograde drilling from an articular surface of the femur and into the femur, by accessing the articular surface of the femur and drilling so that an opening of the femoral socket is flush with the articular surface of the femur and the other opening of the femoral socket is located within the femur.
16. A method of cross-pin ACL reconstruction, comprising the steps of
forming a tibial socket in tibia in a retrograde manner by drilling from an articular surface of the tibia and into the tibia, the socket having an entrance and a sidewall;
drilling a guide pin through a guide member oriented about parallel to the tibial plateau, and through the sidewall of the bone tibial socket so as to transversely intersect the tibial socket;
pulling a flexible strand transversely through the guide member and through the tibial socket using the guide pin;
pulling a loop in the flexible strand out through the entrance of the tibial socket;
engaging a graft with the loop in the flexible strand pulled out of the entrance of the tibial socket;
pulling the flexible strand in a direction transverse to the tibial socket so as to draw the graft engaged therewith into the tibial socket;
passing an implant transversely through a loop formed in the graft in the tibial socket; and
securing the graft in a femoral socket by attaching the graft to a fixation device.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising the step of drilling transversely through the tibia and the tibial socket above the growth plate.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the guide member is provided with spikes for engaging the tibial cortex.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the femoral socket is formed in a retrograde manner.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the graft is a ligament, a tendon, or an allograft.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein the fixation device is an interference screw or a suturebutton loop construct having a button with at least one eyelet and a continuous suture loop attached to the eyelet.
22. A guide system for cross-pin ACL fixation, comprising:
a handle having a C-ring configuration;
a guide sleeve attached to one end of the handle, for allowing retrograde drilling of a tibial socket; and
a tibial hook and a guide member attached to the other end of the handle, for allowing transverse drilling about parallel to the tibial plateau and intersecting the tibial socket.
23. The guide system of claim 22, wherein the guide member is provided with a plurality of spikes to allow engagement to tibial cortex.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A device for protecting a motor vehicle against theft, comprising:
an Identification device holder which is connected via a first line to an energy supply and comprises a first switch,
a resistance network arranged in the first line of which the elements comprise a defined resistance encoding,
a second, controllable switch which is arranged to switch on the energy supply arranged between the energy supply and the resistance network, and
a control unit arranged in a motor vehicle, which comprises a diagnosis and evaluation unit which is connected to at least one tap of the resistance network and which, depending on the switch position of the second switch, evaluates the voltage drops over the elements of the resistance network and, depending on this, makes a distinction between a correct Access authorization, a fault in the energy supply or the first line, and an external manipulation of the identification device holder.
2. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second switch is arranged in the control unit.
3. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the resistance network is embodied as a voltage divider.
4. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the resistance network comprises at least one first resistor, which is arranged in the identification device holder, and at least a second resistor which is arranged in the control unit.
5. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the resistance encoding of the elements of the resistance network is adjustable.
6. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the diagnosis and evaluation circuit comprises a programmable unit, especially a microcontroller or a microprocessor.
7. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the diagnosis and evaluation circuit andor the control device comprises a memory unit in which the required voltage values assigned to the relevant resistance encoding are stored.
8. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the control device comprises a control unit for control of the motor vehicle’s starter andor is connected with a control of the starter andor the motor control of the motor vehicle.
9. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first andor the second switch isare embodied as a high-side switch.
10. A method for checking access authorization to a motor vehicle by means of an Identification device holder which is connected via a first line to an energy supply and comprises a first switch, a resistance network arranged in the first line of which the elements comprise a defined resistance encoding, and a second, controllable switch which is arranged to switch on the energy supply arranged between the energy supply and the resistance network, the method, in the event of a request for putting the motor vehicle into operation, comprises the steps of:
(a) Recording the voltage drops across elements of the resistance network for a closed and an open second switch, respectively;
(b) Comparing the recorded voltage drops with stored voltage values which correspond to relevant resistance encoding of the elements of the resistance network;
(c) depending on the comparison in Step (b) determining a correct access authorization, a fault in the energy supply or the first line, or an external manipulation of the identification device holder;
(d) Outputting an enable signal for starting the motor vehicle if the comparison reveals that the stored voltage values correspond to the relevant recorded voltage values.
11. The method in accordance with claim 10, comprising the step of:
(e) Outputting a signal to the motor control andor the starter control andor the ignition control that putting the motor vehicle into operation will be blocked if the comparison reveals that the stored voltage values do not match the corresponding recorded voltage values and it is concluded from the recorded voltage values that there has been unauthorized short circuiting of the ignition or the starter.
12. The method in accordance with claim 10, comprising the step of:
(f) Outputting an error signal to the vehicle user if the comparison reveals that the stored voltage values do not match the corresponding recorded voltage values and it is concluded from the recorded voltage values that there is a fault in the energy supply.
13. An anti-theft device for protecting a motor vehicle, comprising:
a resistance network arranged comprising elements with a defined resistance encoding and a first switch,
a second, controllable switch which is arranged to couple an energy supply with the resistance network, and
a control unit arranged in a motor vehicle, which comprises a diagnosis and evaluation unit which is connected to at least one tap of the resistance network and which, depending on the switch position of the second switch, evaluates the voltage drops over the elements of the resistance network and, depending on this, makes a distinction between a correct Access authorization, a fault in the energy supply or the coupling, and an external manipulation of the first switch andor resistance network.
14. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the second switch is arranged in the control unit.
15. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the resistance network is embodied as a voltage divider.
16. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the resistance encoding of the elements of the resistance network is adjustable.
17. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the diagnosis and evaluation circuit comprises a programmable unit, especially a microcontroller or a microprocessor.
18. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the diagnosis and evaluation circuit andor the control device comprises a memory unit in which the required voltage values assigned to the relevant resistance encoding are stored.
19. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the control device comprises a control unit for control of the motor vehicle’s starter andor is connected with a control of the starter andor the motor control of the motor vehicle.
20. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the first andor the second switch is are embodied as a high-side switch.