1. A gas introducing structure of an intake path of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, the gas introducing system comprising:
a common chamber;
a gas introducing path introducing the gas from the common gas chamber into an intake port of each cylinder,
wherein an inner peripheral surface of the gas introducing path includes:
a bottom surface appearing as a straight line at a lower side of a perpendicular cross section of the inner peripheral surface; and
a curved wall surface appearing as a convex curved line, connecting with each end of the straight line at an angle, at an upper side of the perpendicular cross section of the inner peripheral surface.
2. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 1, wherein the straight line intersects the convex curved line at a right angle.
3. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 1, wherein the gas introducing path is disposed in an inclined manner that the gas flows downward.
4. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 1, wherein the gas introducing path forms a straight line.
5. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the common gas chamber is formed continuously from the bottom surface of the gas introducing path in a same plane.
6. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 1, further comprising:
a connecting portion made of resin,
wherein the connecting portion connects with a gas supply pipe made of metal for receiving gas supply, and the connecting portion has a diameter that is larger than a diameter of the gas supply pipe.
7. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 6, wherein an inner peripheral surface of the connecting portion, which is in contact with the gas supply pipe, is chamfered.
8. A gas introducing structure of an intake path of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, the gas introducing system comprising:
a common chamber;
a gas introducing path introducing the gas from the common gas chamber into an intake port of each cylinder,
wherein an inner peripheral surface of the gas introducing path includes:
a bottom surface appearing as a straight line at a lower side of a perpendicular cross section of the inner peripheral surface; and
a curved wall surface appearing as a convex curved line, connecting with each end of the straight line at an angle, at an upper side of the perpendicular cross section of the inner peripheral surface,
wherein the gas introducing path is introduced into the intake path from a lower side, and a curved wall surface side of an end of the gas introducing path, opening to the intake path, projects into the intake path.
9. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 8, wherein an intake branch pipe of an intake manifold and an intake port formed at a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine are connected with each other at connecting end surfaces to form the intake path,
wherein the gas introducing path is formed at the intake branch pipe and an end surface of the gas introducing path is formed in a same plane as the connecting end surface of the intake branch pipe.
10. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 8, wherein an intake branch pipe of an intake manifold and an intake port formed at a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine are connected with each other at connecting end surfaces to form the intake path,
wherein the gas introducing path is formed at the intake branch pipe and an end surface of the gas introducing path is formed in a manner that the curved wall surface side of the end surface inclines in a direction opposite to the intake airflow relative to the connecting end surface of the intake branch pipe.
11. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 8, wherein an intake branch pipe of an intake manifold and an intake port formed at a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine are connected with each other at connecting end surfaces to form the intake path,
wherein the gas introducing path is formed at the intake branch pipe and an end surface of the gas introducing path is formed in a manner that the curved wall surface side of the end surface inclines in a direction opposite to the intake airflow relative to a position that intersects an axis of the intake path at a right angle.
12. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 11, wherein the end surface of the gas introducing path is formed at a position that intersects an axis of the gas introducing path at the right angle.
13. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 11, wherein the end surface of the gas introducing path is formed in a manner that the curved wall surface side of the end surface inclines in the direction opposite to the intake airflow relative to a position that intersects an axis of the gas introducing path at the right angle.
14. A gas introducing structure of an intake path comprising:
a gas introducing path introducing a gas to an intake airflow in the intake path of an internal combustion engine,
wherein an intake branch pipe of an intake manifold and an intake port formed at a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine are connected with each other at connecting end surfaces to form the intake path,
wherein the gas introducing path is introduced into the intake pipe from a lower side and a curved wall surface side of an end of the gas introducing path, opening to the intake path, projects into the intake path and an end surface of the gas introducing path is formed in a manner that an intake path center side of the end surface inclines in a direction opposite to the intake airflow relative to the connecting end surface of the intake branch pipe.
15. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 14, wherein the gas introducing path is formed in a direction that intersects an intake airflow direction of the intake path at an acute angle.
16. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 14, wherein the gas introducing path is disposed in an inclined manner that the gas flows downward.
17. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 15, wherein the end surface of the gas introducing path is formed in a manner that the intake path center side of the end surface inclines in the direction opposite to the intake airflow relative to a position that intersects an axis of the intake path at a right angle.
18. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 17, wherein the end surface of the gas introducing path is formed at a position that intersects an axis of the gas introducing path at the right angle.
19. A gas introducing structure of an intake path according to claim 17, wherein the end surface of the gas introducing path is formed in a manner that the intake path center side of the end surface inclines in the direction opposite to the intake airflow relative to a position that intersects an axis of the gas introducing path at the right angle.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A display device comprising:
a Cu alloy film for the display device that is formed on a transparent substrate and is directly brought into contact with the transparent substrate, wherein
the Cu alloy film has the multilayer structure, which includes a first layer (Y) comprising a Cu alloy containing, in total, 2-20 atom % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ni, Ti, Al, Mg, Ca, W, Nb, and Mn, and a second layer (X) comprising pure Cu or substantially a Cu alloy having Cu as the main component and having an electrical resistivity lower than that of the first layer (Y), and wherein
the first layer (Y) is brought into contact with the transparent substrate.
2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the thickness of the first layer (Y) is more than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm, and is less than or equal to 60% based on the total thickness of the Cu alloy film.
3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first layer (Y) contains at least Mn and the thickness of the first layer (Y) is more than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm.
4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first layer (Y) contains at least Zn or Ni and the thickness of the first layer (Y) is more than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm.
5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first layer (Y) contains at least Mn and the thickness TM (nm) of the first layer (Y) and the content M (atom %) of Mn satisfy the relationship of TM\u2267230 M\u22121.2.
6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the Cu alloy film is subjected to a heat treatment at 250\xb0 C. or higher for 5 minutes or longer.
7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the material of the transparent substrate is soda-lime glass.