Author: claimsbot

1. A film forming apparatus comprising:
a film forming chamber;
a substrate holder located in said film forming chamber, for holding a substrate on which a structure is to be formed;
exhaust means for exhausting an interior of said film forming chamber;
aerosol generating means for generating an aerosol by blowing up a raw material powder placed in a container with a gas;
introducing means for introducing the aerosol generated by said aerosol generating means into said film forming chamber;
at least one nozzle disposed oppositely to said substrate held by said substrate holder in said film forming chamber, for spraying the aerosol introduced via said introducing means toward said substrate; and
displacing means for chaotically changing a relative position of said substrate held by said substrate holder and said at least one nozzle,
wherein said displacing means includes
a control unit that controls the relative position of said substrate and said at least one nozzle so that the relative position is chaotically changed,
a first rotating support, and
a second rotating support that rotates on the first rotating support,

wherein a rotational axis of the first rotating support is parallel to and displaced from a rotational axis of the second rotating support,
the control unit controls the rotation of the first support and the second support, and
the substrate holder or the at least one nozzle is provided on the second support.
2. The film forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
said first support and said second support each having at least one degree of freedom, said first support and said second support being connected such that degrees of freedom thereof overlap, and said control unit controlling each of said first support and said second support such that an end of the connected first and second supports exhibit chaotic behavior; and
said substrate holder is provided on the end of the connected first and second supports.
3. The film forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
said first support and said second support each having at least one degree of freedom, said first support and said second support being connected such that degrees of freedom thereof overlap, and said control unit controlling each of said first support and said second support such that an end of the connected first and second supports exhibit chaotic behavior; and
said at least one nozzle is provided on the end of the connected first and second supports.
4. The film forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a carrying path for carrying the aerosol introduced by said introducing means is formed in each of said plurality of supports.
5. The film forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein means for preventing deposition of the raw material powder included in the aerosol is provided in said carrying path formed in each of said plurality of supports.
6. The film forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said means for preventing deposition of the raw material powder includes an elastic reflection plate.
7. A film forming apparatus comprising:
a film forming chamber;
a substrate holder located in said film forming chamber, for holding a substrate on which a structure is to be formed;
exhaust means for exhausting an interior of said film forming chamber;
aerosol generating means for generating an aerosol by blowing up a raw material powder placed in a container with a gas;
introducing means for introducing the aerosol generated by said aerosol generating means into said film forming chamber;
at least one nozzle disposed oppositely to said substrate held by said substrate holder in said film forming chamber, for spraying the aerosol introduced via said introducing means toward said substrate; and
displacing means for changing a relative position of said substrate held by said substrate holder and said at least one nozzle;
said displacing means includes a plurality of supports each having at least one degree of freedom, said plurality of supports being connected such that degrees of freedom thereof overlap, and control means for controlling each of said plurality of supports such that an end of the connected plurality of supports exhibit chaotic behavior; and
said at least one nozzle is provided on the end of the connected plurality of supports;
wherein a carrying path for carrying the aerosol introduced by said introducing means is formed in each of said plurality of supports; and
wherein a carrying path for carrying the aerosol introduced by said introducing means is formed in each of said plurality of supports.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A process for transmitting digital data to an AD converter via an analog channel, comprising:
generating a sequence of output signals by precoding a sequence of input signal points to precompensate for ISI in the analog channel, the generating being such that at least one of the output signals would be distorted by the channel to a signal representative of a signal point lying between quantization levels of the AD converter in an absence of channel noise and echo and others of the output signals would be distorted by the channel to signals representative of signal points that are quantization levels of the AD converter in an absence of channel noise and echo, a majority of the input signal points being quantization levels of the AD converter; and
wherein the precoding further comprises:
precompensation an input signal point for the ISI; and
adding a modulo amount to the precompensated signal point in response to the precompensated signal point having a value outside of a threshold range.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the quantization levels are the quantization levels of a PCM vocoder.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the adding includes determining the value of the modulo amount in a manner responsive to the value of the input signal point that was precompensated.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein the threshold range is dependent on the value of the input signal point that was precompensated.
5. The process of claim 3, wherein the threshold range is independent of the value of the input signal point that was precompensated.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein another of the output signals would be distorted by the ISI to a signal representative of a signal point lying between quantization levels of the AD converter, first and second ones of the output signals lying between different pairs of quantization levels.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein each of the input signal points is representative of a value of a quantization level of the AD converter.
8. A transmitter for transmitting digital data to an AD converter via an analog channel, the transmitter comprising:
a precoder being configured to precompensate a sequence of input signal points of an original constellation for ISI in the analog channel such that the channel would convert the precompensated points into signal points of an extended constellation in the absence of channel noise and echo, the signal points of the original constellation being quantization levels of the AD converter, and the extended constellation including at least one signal point that is not a quantization level of the AD converter; and
wherein the precoder comprises:
a digital filter to generate feedback signal points from precompensated signal points produced from the input signal points by the precoder;
an adder to combine the feedback and associated input signal points; and
a modulo device to produce a signal point within a threshold range from a signal point received from the adder.
9. The transmitter of claim 8, wherein the quantization levels characterizing a portion of the points in the constellations are quantization levels of a PCM vocoder.
10. The transmitter of claim 9, further comprising:
a trellis encoder to produce the input signal points by encoding digital data, the trellis encoder being coupled to transmit the input signal points to the precoder.
11. The transmitter of claim 10, wherein the trellis encoder is configured to produce signal points representative of the quantization levels of the PCM vocoder.
12. The transmitter of claim 9, wherein the precoder trellis encodes the input signal points and further produces signals representative of signal points of the original constellation in response to being configured to precompensate for zero ISI in the analog channel.
13. The transmitter of claim 8, wherein the modulo device is configured to add a modulo amount to a signal point received from the adder in response to the received signal point not having a value in the threshold range.
14. The transmitter of claim 8, wherein the threshold range is dependent on the value of the input signal point that was precompensated.
15. The transmitter of claim 8, wherein the threshold range is independent of the value of the input signal point that was precompensated.
16. The transmitter of claim 13, wherein the modulo device is configured to determine the threshold range from the value of the associated input signal point.
17. The transmitter of claim 8, wherein the extended constellation includes a plurality of signal point values that are not equal to quantization levels of the AD converter.

1. A method carried out by an electronic data processor, comprising:
calculating motion vectors for blocks of pixels in a target image;
applying a high pass filter to the calculated motion vectors to determine a variance of the calculated motion vectors;
generating a search range associated with a target block of pixels in the target image using the variance of the calculated motion vectors;
calculating a safety margin for the search range based on motion vectors of at least one preceding neighboring block of pixels;
expanding the search range using the safety margin; and
using the generated search range to estimate motion of the target block of pixels.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a block scanner order for the blocks in the target image selected from the group consisting of: a raster scanning order and a sub-sampling order.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating motion vectors for blocks of pixels in the target image comprises:
calculating the motion vectors using multiple reference images.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the safety margin comprises using a standard deviation of motion vectors of the at least one preceding block of pixels to calculate the safety margin.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the search range comprises:
using the calculated motion vectors to determine an estimated motion range.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the estimated motion range comprises:
applying a low pass filter to the calculated motion vectors.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein applying the filter to the calculated motion vectors comprises:
=L\xd7(Mx)T, =L\xd7(My)T,

where L is a filter having n taps, such that L=l1, l2, . . . , ln, and li is the filter coefficient of tap i; \u2003is the x-axis value of the estimated motion range of the target block; Mx is a vector containing x-axis values of the calculated motion vectors; (Mx)T is a transpose of vector Mx; \u2003is the y-axis value of the estimated motion range of the target block; My is a vector containing y-axis calculated motion vectors; and (My)T is a transpose of vector My.
8. An apparatus comprising:
a motion vector calculator that calculates motion vectors for blocks of pixels in a target image;
a search range calculator that uses the calculated motion vectors to generate a search range associated with a target block of pixels in the target image, wherein the search range is calculated by determining a variance of the calculated motion vectors and wherein the variance is determined by applying a high pass filter to the calculated motion vectors;
a safety margin calculator that uses motion vectors of at least one preceding neighboring block of pixels to calculate a safety margin for the search range;
a safety margin applicator that expands the search range using the safety margin; and
a motion estimator that uses the generated search range to estimate motion of the target blocks of pixels.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the blocks in the target image are scanned in a raster scanning order or a sub-sampling order.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the motion vector calculator calculates the motion vectors using multiple reference images.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the safety margin calculator uses a standard deviation of motion vectors of the at least one preceding block of pixels to calculate the safety margin.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the search range calculator uses the calculated motion vectors to determine an estimated motion range.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the search range calculator applies a low pass filter to the calculated motion vectors.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the search range calculator applies
=L\xd7(Mx)T, =L\xd7(My)T,

where L is a filter having n taps, such that L=l1, l2, . . . , ln, and li is the filter coefficient of tap i; \u2003is the x-axis value of the estimated motion range of the target block; Mx is a vector containing x-axis values of the calculated motion vectors; (Mx)T is a transpose of vector Mx; \u2003is the y-axis value of the estimated motion range of the target block; My is a vector containing y-axis values of the calculated motion vectors; and (My)T is a transpose of vector My.
15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program of instructions which, when executed by a processing system, cause the system to perform a method comprising:
calculating motion vectors for blocks of pixels in a target image;
applying a high pass filter to the calculated motion vectors to determine a variance of the calculated motion vectors;
generating a search range associated with a target block of pixels in the target image using the variance of the calculated motion vectors;
calculating a safety margin for the search range based on motion vectors of at least one preceding neighboring block of pixels;
expanding the search range using the safety margin; and
using the generated search range to estimate motion of the target block of pixels.
16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
determining a block scanning order for the blocks in the target image selected from the group consisting of: a raster scanning order and a sub-sampling order.
17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein calculating motion vectors for block of pixels in the target image comprises:
calculating the motion vectors using multiple reference images.
18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein calculating the safety margin comprises using a standard deviation of motion vectors of the at least one preceding block of pixels to calculate the safety margin.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating the search range comprises:
using the calculated motion vectors to determine an estimated motion range.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein determining the estimated motion range comprises:
applying a low pass filter to the calculated motion vectors.
21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein applying the filter to the calculated motion vectors comprises:
=L\xd7(Mx)T, =L\xd7(My)T,

where L is a filter having n taps, such that L=l1, l2, . . . , ln, and li is the filter coefficient of tap i; \u2003is the x-axis value of the estimated motion range of the target block; Mx is a vector containing x-axis values of the calculated motion vectors; (Mx)T is a transpose of vector Mx; \u2003is the y-axis value of the estimated motion range of the target block; My is a vector containing y-axis values of the calculated motion vectors; and (My)T is a transpose of vector My.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A hollow fishing hook device comprising:
an elongated shank, the shank having a cross-sectional shape with a first end and a second end; and
a reservoir starting in the first end of the elongated shank, the reservoir comprising a hollow portion of the elongated shank; and
the second end of the elongated shank continuing into at least one bent elongated arm, the reservoir continuing through at least a portion of the at least one bent elongated arm, the bent elongated arm ending in a point.
2. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 1, wherein the reservoir ends at the point.
3. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 1, wherein the reservoir starts and ends within the bent elongated arm.
4. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 1 further comprising an adhesive, the adhesive contained within the reservoir.
5. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 4 wherein the adhesive is a single part adhesive.
6. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 4 wherein the adhesive is a multiple part adhesive.
7. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 4 wherein the adhesive is a pressure activated adhesive.
8. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 4 wherein the adhesive is cured by an energy source.
9. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 4 wherein the adhesive is separated from the atmosphere by a membrane.
10. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 1 wherein the hollow shank fishing hook is made of material with an index of refraction nearly identical to water.
11. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 1 wherein the point is formed by crimping the end of the bent elongated arm.
12. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 1 wherein the point is formed by machining the end of the bent elongated arm.
13. The hollow shank fishing hook of claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional shape the elongated shank and bent elongated arm is selected from the group of: circular, triangular, square, rectangular, and octoganal.
14. A method of manufacturing a hollow fishing hook device, the steps comprising:
bending a hollow shaft having a hollow cross section to form a hook shape, the hook shape comprising a shank and a bend;
terminating an end of the bend furthest from the shank; and
filling a portion of an interior of the tube with at least one type of adhesive.
15. A method of manufacturing a hollow fishing hook device of claim 13, further comprising the step of inserting a leader line, the leader line contacting the adhesive.
16. A method of manufacturing a hollow fishing hook device of claim 14, further comprising the step of curing the at least one type of adhesive with an energy source.
17. A method of manufacturing a hollow fishing hook device of claim 13, where the end of the bend is terminated by being crimped.
18. A method of manufacturing a hollow fishing hook device of claim 13, where the end of the bend is terminated by being plugged.
19. A hollow fishing hook device comprising:
an elongated hollow shank, the shank having a cross-sectional shape with a first end and a second end; and
a reservoir starting in the first end of the elongated hollow shank, the reservoir comprising at least a portion of the elongated hollow shank;
the second end of the elongated shank continuing into at least one bent elongated hollow arm, the reservoir continuing through at least a portion of the at least one bent elongated hollow arm, the bent elongated hollow arm ending in a point; and
the reservoir at least partially filled with at least one adhesive.