Author: claimsbot

1. A silicon carbide single crystal formed using a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate as a seed crystal, the silicon carbide single crystal comprising:
a crystal defect configured as a stamp that penetrates from a front surface to a rear surface of the silicon carbide single crystal, the stamp formed on at least a surface of the seed crystal as an identification indicator and propagated from the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate in a growth direction of the silicon carbide single crystal.
2. The silicon carbide single crystal according to claim 1, wherein
the stamp is formed in one position or a plurality of positions of an outer edge.
3. The silicon carbide single crystal according to claim 1, wherein
the stamp is formed of one or a combination of a letter, a number, a bar code, and a QR code which is a registered trademark.
4. A method of manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, comprising:
preparing a seed crystal made of silicon carbide of a single crystal;
forming a stamp on at least a surface of the seed crystal as an identification indication formed of a crystal defect;
growing a silicon carbide single crystal while propagating the stamp in a growth direction, by growing the silicon carbide single crystal on the surface of the seed crystal on which the stamp is formed; and
forming a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate formed with the stamp, by cutting out and slicing the silicon carbide single crystal to which the stamp is propagated.
5. The method of manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate according to claim 4, wherein
the forming the stamp includes forming the stamp by laser machining, cutting with a diamond cutting tool, dry etching, or ion implantation.
6. The method of manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate according to claim 4, further comprising:
growing the silicon carbide single crystal while propagating the stamp in the growth direction, by again growing the silicon carbide single crystal with the seed crystal after cutting out the silicon carbide single crystal or the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate as a seed crystal; and
again forming the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate formed with the stamp by further cutting out and slicing the silicon carbide single crystal to which the stamp is propagated.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A biological information measuring panel, comprising:
an elastically flexible laying plate portion to be disposed below a subject; and
a strain detecting sensor attached to the laying plate portion,
wherein strain changes of the laying plate portion generated in accordance with biological activities of the subject are detected by the strain detecting sensor in a state in which the laying plate portion is disposed below the subject, and
wherein an output signal from the strain detecting sensor is used to measure the biological information of the subject.
2. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1, wherein the laying plate portion is formed into an approximately rectangular belt shape and is to be disposed below the subject so as to extend in a widthwise direction of the subject.
3. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1, wherein bending strength of the laying plate portion is set so as to fall within the range of from 7.5\xd7102 to 1.5\xd71012 Nmm2.
4. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1, wherein the laying plate portion is made of a material whose Young’s modulus falls within the range of from 3\xd7104 to 30\xd7104 MPa.
5. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1, wherein the laying plate portion is set to be 10 to 1,000 mm in length, 300 to 2,000 mm in width, and 0.1 to 30 mm in thickness.
6. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1, wherein the laying plate portion is made of aluminum or its alloy.
7. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1, further comprising an elastic layer attached to at least one of upper and lower surfaces of the laying plate portion.
8. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 7, wherein the elastic layer is an elastic sheet member, and wherein the elastic sheet member is attached to at least one of upper and lower surfaces of the laying plate portion with a peripheral end portion of the elastic sheet member protruded from a periphery of the laying plate portion.
9. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1, wherein the strain detecting sensor is a strain gauge.
10. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 9, wherein at least one strain gauge is attached to at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the laying plate portion.
11. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 9,
wherein a pair of strain gauges are attached to facing positions of the upper and lower surfaces of the laying plate portion,
wherein the pair of strain gauges and a pair of dummy resistances are electrically connected each other to form a bridged circuit, and
wherein an output signal from the bridged circuit is used to measure the biological information of the subject.
12. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 9,
wherein two pairs of strain gauges are attached to facing positions of the upper and lower surfaces of the laying plate portion,
wherein the two pairs of strain gauges are electrically connected each other to form a bridged circuit, and
wherein an output signal from the bridged circuit is used to measure the biological information of the subject.
13. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 9,
wherein the strain gauges are attached to right and left side portions and a central portion of at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the laying plate portion.
14. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 9,
wherein the laying plate portion is provided with at least one thin thickness portion thinner than the other portion of the laying plate portion,
wherein at least one strain gauge is attached to at least one surface of the upper and lower surfaces of the thin thickness portion of the laying plate portion.
15. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 14,
wherein the thin thickness portion is formed in the laying plate portion by partially forming a dented portion on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the thin thickness portion of the laying plate portion.
16. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 14,
wherein the thin thickness portion is formed in the laying plate portion by forming the laying plate portion so that a thickness of the laying plate portion continuously changes in a widthwise direction of the laying plate portion.
17. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 9,
wherein a signal line passing opening for passing input signal lines to the strain gauges andor output signal lines from the strain gauges is formed near a strain gauge attaching position.
18. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1,
wherein the strain detecting sensor is a conductive elastomer sensor.
19. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 18,
wherein the elastomer sensor is disposed inside the laying plate portion.
20. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 18,
wherein the laying plate portion is divided into an upper plate portion and a lower plate portion, and wherein the upper plate portion and the lower plate portion are secured in a superimposed manner in a state in which the conductive elastomer sensor is sandwiched between the upper plate portion and the lower plate portion.
21. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1,
further comprising a controlling device for controlling an output signal from the strain detecting sensor is attached to the laying plate portion.
22. The biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 21,
wherein the controlling device is disposed in a dented portion formed in the upper surface or the lower surface of the laying plate portion.
23. A biological information measuring mat, comprising:
the biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1,
wherein the panel is disposed in the mat.
24. A biological information measuring device, comprising:
the biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1 or the biological information measuring mat as recited in claim 23,
wherein biological information of the subject is measured based on an output signal from the strain detecting sensor of the panel or the mat.
25. The biological information measuring device as recited in claim 24, further comprising:
computing means for computing the biological information of the subject based on the output signal from the strain detecting sensor; and
displaying means for displaying the biological information computed by the computing means.
26. The biological information measuring device as recited in claim 25, further comprising communicating means configured to transmit the biological information computed by the computing means.
27. The biological information measuring device as recited in claim 25, further comprising warning means configured to give a warning based on the biological information computed by the computing means.
28. A biological information measuring method, comprising the steps of:
preparing the biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1 or the biological information measuring mat as recited in claim 23,
detecting strain changes of the laying plate portion of the panel or the mat generated in accordance with biological activities of the subject in a state in which the panel or the mat is disposed below the subject, and
measuring the biological information of the subject based on an output signal from the strain detecting sensor.
29. The biological information measuring method as recited in claim 28,
wherein the biological information of the subject is computed by computing means based on the output signal from the strain detecting signal, and
wherein the biological information computed by the computing means is displayed by displaying means.
30. The biological information measuring method as recited in claim 29, wherein the biological information computed by the computing means is transmitted by communicating means.
31. The biological information measuring method as recited in claim 29, wherein a warning is given by warning means based on the biological information computed by the computing means.
32. A biological activities monitoring system, comprising:
the biological information measuring panel as recited in claim 1 or the biological information measuring mat as recited in claim 23;
computing means configured to compute the biological information of the subject based on an output signal from the strain detecting sensor of the panel or the mat;
displaying means configured to display the biological information computed by the computing means; and
communicating means configured to transmit the biological information computed by the computing means.

1. A method for further reducing cyclostationary content in a chaotic spread spectrum data communication channel, comprising:
digitally generating a first chaotic sequence of values to form a spreading code;
using said spreading code to form a digital intermediate frequency (IF) spread spectrum signal having a uniform sampling interval;
converting said digital IF spread spectrum signal to a sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal at a conversion rate;
selectively varying a duration of said uniform sampling interval in said sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal in accordance with a first pseudo-random sequence to introduce a known dither in said sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal; and
subsequent to introducing said known dither, converting the sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal to a continuous IF signal, upconverting said continuous IF signal to an analog RF spread spectrum signal.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising where said first pseudo-random sequence comprises a second chaotic sequence.
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting said analog RF spread spectrum signal to a receiver;
converting said analog RF spread spectrum signal to a received sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal;
generating at said receiver a second pseudo-random sequence which is identical to said first pseudo-random sequence; and
using said second pseudo-random sequence to remove said known dither in said received sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal.
4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising synchronizing said second pseudo-random sequence and said first pseudo-random sequence.
5. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
using said second pseudo-random sequence to generate a uniform received analog IF spread spectrum signal having said uniform sampling interval;
converting said uniform received analog IF spread spectrum signal to a uniform received digital IF spread spectrum signal having said uniform sampling interval;
generating at said receiver a de-spreading code which is identical to, and substantially synchronized with, said spreading code; and
de-spreading said uniform received digital IF spread spectrum signal using said de-spreading code.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of selectively varying a duration of said uniform sampling interval further comprises:
sampling and holding each sample of said analog IF spread spectrum signal for a sample time duration; and
selectively varying said sample time duration responsive to a dither control signal.
7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising generating said dither control signal responsive to said first pseudo-random sequence.
8. A system for further reducing cyclostationarity in a chaotic spread spectrum data communication channel, comprising:
a first digital generator configured for producing a first chaotic sequence of values to form a spreading code;
a modulator configured for using said spreading code to form a digital intermediate frequency (IF) spread spectrum signal having a uniform sampling interval defined by a sampling rate;
a digital-to-analog converter configured for accepting said digital IF spread spectrum signal, and producing a sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal at a conversion rate substantially equal to said uniform sampling interval;
a timing variation apparatus configured for selectively varying a duration of said uniform sampling interval in accordance with a first pseudo-random sequence to introduce a known dither in said analog IF spread spectrum signal; and
an anti image filter to convert the sampled analog IF signal to a continuous analog signal and an upconverter configured for accepting said analog IF spread spectrum signal, and producing an analog RF spread spectrum signal.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the first pseudo-random sequence is a chaotic sequence.
10. The system according to claim 8, further comprising a receiver configured for receiving said analog RF spread spectrum signal, said receiver comprising:
a down-converter configured for converting said analog RF spread spectrum signal to a received analog IF spread spectrum signal;
a second digital generator configured for producing a second pseudo-random sequence which is identical to said first pseudo-random sequence;
a dither removal circuit configured for using said second pseudo-random sequence to remove said known dither in said received and sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal and thereby generate a uniform received sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal having said uniform sampling interval; and
an analog to digital converter configured for converting said received analog IF spread spectrum signal to a received digital IF spread spectrum signal.
11. The system according to claim 10, further comprising a synchronizer configured for synchronizing said first pseudo-random sequence and said second pseudo-random sequence.
12. The system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a demodulator configured for de-spreading said received digital IF spread spectrum signal using a de-spreading code which is identical to, and synchronized with, said spreading code.
13. The system according to claim 8, wherein said timing variation apparatus further comprises:
a first voltage generator configured for producing a voltage responsive to said first pseudo-random sequence;
a second voltage generator configured for producing a periodic signal; and
a comparator configured for accepting said voltage responsive to said first pseudo-random sequence and said periodic signal, and producing a dither control signal to vary a duration of said sampling interval.
14. An apparatus for further reducing cyclostationarity in a chaotic spread spectrum data communication channel, comprising:
a first digital chaos generator configured for producing a first chaotic sequence of values to form a spreading code;
a modulator configured for using said spreading code to form a digital intermediate frequency (IF) spread spectrum signal having a uniform sampling interval;
a digital to analog converter configured for accepting said digital IF spread spectrum signal, and producing a sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal at a conversion rate; and
a timing variation apparatus configured for selectively varying a duration of said sampling interval in accordance with a first pseudo-random sequence to introduce a known dither in said sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the first pseudo-random sequence is a chaotic sequence.
16. A receiver apparatus for receiving an RF spread spectrum signal, having a duration of sampling intervals selectively varied in accordance with a first pseudo-random sequence to introduce a known dither in said RF spread spectrum signal, comprising:
a down-converter configured for converting said RF spread spectrum signal to a received analog IF spread spectrum signal;
a dither removal circuit configured for using a second pseudo-random sequence to remove said known dither in said received analog IF spread spectrum signal and thereby generate a uniform received sampled analog IF spread spectrum signal having a uniform sampling interval; and
an analog to digital converter configured for converting said received analog IF spread spectrum signal to a received digital IF spread spectrum signal.
17. The receiver apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said second pseudo-random sequence is a chaotic sequence.
18. The receiver apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising a demodulator configured for using a de-spreading code to de-spread said RF spread spectrum signal.
19. The receiver apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said de-spreading code is a chaotic sequence.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A surveillance system, comprising:
a housing comprising a proximal end and a distal end;
a screw thread located at the proximal end of the housing, wherein the screw thread is configurable to rotatably attach to a light socket;
a camera located at the distal end of the housing; and
a cone-shaped mirror located distal to the distal end of the housing such that a tip of the cone-shaped mirror is aligned with an optical axis of the camera.
2. The surveillance system of claim 1, wherein the tip is a first tip, wherein the cone-shaped mirror comprises a second tip located opposite the first tip, and the second tip is aligned with the optical axis of the camera.
3. The surveillance system of claim 2, wherein the cone-shaped mirror defines a first cone that extends from the first tip and a second cone that extends from the second tip, such that a first base of the first cone intersects a second base of the second cone.
4. The surveillance system of claim 1, further comprising a light coupled to the housing and a motion detector coupled to the housing.
5. The surveillance system of claim 1, further comprising a speaker coupled to the housing and a microphone coupled to the housing.
6. The surveillance system of claim 1, further comprising a remote computing device communicatively coupled to the camera, wherein the remote computing device is capable of displaying an image captured by the camera.
7. The surveillance system of claim 1, further comprising at least one support having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end of the at least one support is coupled to the distal end of the housing and the distal end of the support is coupled to the cone-shaped mirror.
8. The surveillance system of claim 1, wherein the cone-shaped mirror is devoid of the enclosure around at least 75% of the perimeter of the cone-shaped mirror.
9. A surveillance system, comprising:
a housing having a distal end and a proximal end;
a screw thread located at the proximal end of the housing, wherein the screw thread is configurable to rotatably attach to a light socket;
a camera located at the distal end of the housing, wherein the camera is configurable to detect an object; and
a cone-shaped mirror coupled to the distal end of the housing and positioned such that a tip of the cone-shaped mirror faces the camera, wherein the cone-shaped mirror defines a symmetrical shape.
10. The surveillance system of claim 9, further comprising a support having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the proximal end of the support is coupled to the distal end of the housing, and the distal end of the support is coupled to the cone-shaped mirror.
11. The surveillance system of claim 10, wherein the support is a first support, the surveillance system further comprising a second support having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein the proximal end of the second support is coupled to the distal end of the housing, and the distal end of the second support is coupled to the cone-shaped mirror.
12. The surveillance system of claim 11, wherein the first support is located opposite the second support.
13. The surveillance system of claim 9, further comprising at least one of an infrared light coupled to the housing, a motion detector coupled to the housing, a light coupled to the housing, and a microphone coupled to the housing.
14. A surveillance system, comprising:
a housing comprising a proximal end and a distal end;
a camera coupled to the housing;
a screw thread located at the proximal end of the housing, wherein the screw thread is configurable to rotatably attach to a light socket; and
a cone-shaped mirror located distal to the distal end of the housing, wherein the cone-shaped mirror comprises a first tip, a second tip located opposite the first tip, a first cone that extends from the first tip, and a second cone that extends from the second tip, wherein a first base of the first cone intersects a second base of the second cone.
15. The surveillance system of claim 14, further comprising a remote computing device communicatively coupled to at least one of the accelerometer and camera, wherein the remote computing device is capable of displaying an image captured by the camera.
16. The surveillance system of claim 15, wherein the surveillance system is configurable to automatically adjust an orientation of the image displayed by the remote computing device.
17. The surveillance system of claim 14, further comprising an infrared light coupled to the housing.
18. The surveillance system of claim 14, further comprising a motion detector coupled to the housing.
19. The surveillance system of claim 14, further comprising a microphone coupled to the housing.
20. The surveillance system of claim 14, further comprising an accelerometer coupled to the housing, wherein the accelerometer is configurable to determine orientation of the camera.