Author: claimsbot

1. An image-forming apparatus, comprising:
an image holding member;
a charging device that charges the image holding member;
an electrostatic latent image-forming device that exposes a surface of the charged image holding member to light to form an electrostatic latent image;
a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the image holding member with toner into a toner image;
an intermediate transfer body to which the toner image formed on the image holding member is transferred;
a primary transfer device that transfers the toner image formed on the image holding member onto the intermediate transfer body; and
a secondary transfer device that transfers the toner image transferred on the intermediate transfer body onto a recording medium,
the intermediate transfer body comprising a resin layer containing polyaniline particles, and the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the toner being at least twice as large as the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles.
2. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the 10 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the toner is greater than the 90 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles.
3. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the 10 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the toner and the 90 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles is about 0.3 \u03bcm or more.
4. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles is in the range of about 0.05 \u03bcm to about 3.0 \u03bcm, and the 90 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles is equal to or greater than the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles but not greater than twice the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles.
5. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the toner is at least three times as large as the 50 percentile particle diameter (number basis) of the polyaniline particles.
6. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the absolute maximum length of the largest particle among the polyaniline particles is about 10.0 \u03bcm or less.
7. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the absolute maximum length of the largest particle among the polyaniline particles is about 7.0 \u03bcm or less.
8. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the resin layer further contains a filler, and the absolute maximum length (a) of the largest particle among the polyaniline particles and the absolute maximum length (b) of the largest filler particle satisfy the requirement represented by the following Formula (1):
About 10.0 \u03bcm\u2267Absolute maximum length (a)>Absolute maximum length (b)\u2267About 0.1 \u03bcm.\u2003\u2003Formula (1)
9. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the intermediate transfer body is in the range of about 0.010 \u03bcm to about 0.050 \u03bcm.
10. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate transfer body has a micro-glossiness at an incident angle of about 75\xb0 to the transfer face in the range of about 95 gloss units to about 120 gloss units.
11. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate transfer body further comprises a dopant that makes the polyaniline particles conductive.
12. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the polyaniline particles are particles of self-doped polyaniline.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A sorting device to distinguish materials of differing relative average atomic numbers, comprising:
an X-ray tube;
a multi-energy detector positioned to receive x-rays from the X-ray tube;
a microprocessor operationally connected to the multi-energy detector;
an air ejector controller operationally connected to the microprocessor; and
at least one ejector attached to the ejector controller.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a conveyor belt disposed between the X-ray tube and the multi-energy detector.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the ejector is an array of at least two air ejectors.
4. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one collection bin.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the multi-energy detector is a multi-energy detector array.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the multi-energy detector array further comprises dual energy x-ray detectors and a data acquisition system.
7. The device of claim 5, further comprising a serial controller attached to the microprocessor and attached to the multi-energy detector array.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor performs an identification algorithm.
9. A method of detecting and sorting materials of differing atomic numbers, comprising:
providing a sample;
placing the sample in a sensing region of a dual energy detector array;
detecting the sample in the sensing region;
reading a high energy sensor value;
reading a low energy sensor value;
normalizing the high energy sensor value;
normalizing the low energy sensor value;
computing a ratio of high energy value to low energy value;
correlating the ratio with the normalized high energy value;
determining whether the correlation is in a high atomic number region or a low atomic number region;
transporting the sample to an air ejection array; and
energizing at least one air ejector of the air ejection array.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising identifying a high atomic number region.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising identifying a low atomic number region.
12. The method of claim 9, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the air ejection array.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the air ejection array.
14. A method of detecting and sorting materials of differing relative average atomic numbers, comprising:
providing a sample;
placing the sample in a sensing region of a multi-energy detector array;
irradiating the sample with a plurality of x-ray energies;
detecting the sample in the sensing region;
reading a plurality of energy sensor values;
computing a plurality of ratios from the plurality of energy sensor values;
correlating the plurality of ratios with at least one of the plurality of energy sensor values;
determining whether the correlation is in a region of relatively high average atomic numbers, a region of relatively intermediate average atomic numbers, or a region of relatively low average atomic numbers;
transporting the sample to an ejection array; and
energizing at least one ejector of the ejection array.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising normalizing the plurality of energy sensor values.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising identifying a region of relatively high average atomic numbers.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising identifying a region of relatively low average atomic numbers.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising identifying a region of relatively intermediate average atomic numbers.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
21. A method of detecting and sorting materials of differing relative average atomic numbers, comprising:
providing a sample;
placing the sample in a sensing region of a dual energy detector array;
irradiating the sample with a plurality of x-ray energies;
detecting the sample in the sensing region;
reading a high energy sensor value;
reading a low energy sensor value;
computing a logarithmic function of the high energy sensor value;
computing a logarithmic function of the low energy sensor value;
correlating the logarithmic function of the high energy sensor value with the logarithmic function of the low energy sensor value;
determining whether the correlation is in a region of relatively high average atomic numbers, or a region of relatively low average atomic numbers;
transporting the sample to an ejection array; and
energizing at least one ejector of the ejection array.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising normalizing the high energy sensor value and normalizing the low energy sensor value.
23. The method of claim 22 further comprising determining whether the correlation is in a region of relatively intermediate average atomic numbers.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising identifying a region of relatively intermediate average atomic numbers.
25. The method of claim 22, further comprising identifying a region of relatively high average atomic numbers.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising identifying a region of relatively low average atomic numbers.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
28. The method of claim 27, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
29. A method of detecting and sorting materials of differing relative average atomic numbers, comprising:
providing a sample;
placing the sample in a sensing region of a dual energy detector array;
irradiating the sample with a plurality of x-ray energies;
detecting x-ray radiation passing through the sample in the sensing region;
reading a plurality of energy sensor values;
computing logarithmic functions of each of the plurality of energy sensor values;
correlating among the logarithmic functions of the plurality of energy sensor values;
determining whether the correlation is in a first average atomic number region;
transporting the sample to an ejection array; and
energizing at least one ejector of the ejection array in order to sort the sample based upon said determining.
30. The method of claim 29, further comprising normalizing the plurality of energy sensor values.
31. The method of claim 30, further comprising identifying at least one region of average atomic numbers.
32. The method of claim 31, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
33. The method of claim 32, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
34. The method of claim 30, further comprising identifying a plurality of regions of average atomic numbers.
35. The method of claim 34, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
36. The method of claim 35, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
37. The method of claim 36, further comprising separating materials of relatively high average atomic numbers from materials of relatively low average atomic numbers.
38. The method of claim 34, wherein determining whether the correlation is in a first atomic number region further comprises identifying a discriminator curve with the use of samples of known composition.
39. A method of detecting and sorting materials of differing relative average atomic numbers, comprising:
providing a sample;
placing the sample in a sensing region of a dual energy detector array;
irradiating the sample with a plurality of x-ray energies;
detecting x-ray radiation passing through the sample in the sensing region;
reading a plurality of energy sensor values;
computing a ratio of each of the plurality of energy sensor values;
correlating the ratios;
determining whether the correlation is in a first average atomic number region;
transporting the sample to an ejection array; and
energizing at least one ejector of the ejection array in order to sort the sample based upon said determining.
40. The method of claim 39, further comprising normalizing the plurality of energy sensor values.
41. The method of claim 40, further comprising identifying at least one region of average atomic numbers.
42. The method of claim 41, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
43. The method of claim 42, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
44. The method of claim 40, further comprising identifying a plurality of regions of average atomic numbers.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein determining whether the correlation is in a first average atomic number region further comprises identifying at least one discriminator curve with the use of samples of known composition.
46. The method of claim 44, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
47. The method of claim 46, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
48. The method of claim 47, further comprising separating materials of relatively high average atomic numbers from materials of relatively low average atomic numbers.
49. A method of detecting and sorting materials of differing relative average atomic numbers, comprising:
providing a sample, the sample having a plurality of regions;
placing the sample in a sensing region of a dual energy detector array;
irradiating the sample with a plurality of x-ray energies;
detecting x-ray radiation passing through the sample in the sensing region;
reading a plurality of energy sensor values;
computing a function from each of the plurality of energy sensor values;
correlating among the frictions of the plurality of energy sensor values;
determining whether each of the correlations among the functions is in a first average atomic number region;
transporting the sample to an ejection array; and
energizing at least one ejector of the ejection array in order to sort the sample based upon said determining.
50. The method of claim 49, further comprising normalizing the plurality of energy sensor values.
51. The method of claim 50, further comprising identifying at least one average atomic number region.
52. The method of claim 51, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
53. The method of claim 52, further comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
54. The method of claim 51, further comprising identifying a plurality of average atomic number regions.
55. The method of claim 54, further comprising calculating timing information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
56. The method of claim 55, fixer comprising calculating position information regarding arrival of the sample at the ejection array.
57. The method of claim 54, wherein determining whether the correlation is in a first average atomic number region further comprises identifying at least one discriminator curve with the use of samples of known composition.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein computing the function from each of the plurality of energy sensor values further comprises computing a logarithmic function.
59. The method of claim 58, wherein determining whether each of the correlations among the functions is in the first average atomic number region further comprises determining whether each of the correlations for each of the plurality of regions of the sample is in the first average atomic number region.
60. The method of claim 57, wherein computing the function from each of the plurality of energy sensor values further comprises computing a ratio.
61. The method of claim 49, further comprising separating materials of relatively high average atomic numbers from materials of relatively low average atomic numbers.
62. The method of claim 9, further comprising separating materials of relatively high average atomic numbers from materials of relatively low average atomic numbers.
63. The method of claim 9, further comprising sorting out the sample corresponding to the correlation in a high atomic number region.
64. The method of claim 9, further comprising sorting out the sample corresponding to the correlation in a low atomic number region.
65. A method of sorting matter of unknown composition, comprising:
providing a first matter of unknown composition;
providing a plurality of second matters of known compositions;
placing the first matter between a source of radiation emitting a plurality of energy levels and a radiation detector capable of measuring radiation energy transmitted through such first matter at a plurality of energy levels;
computing a percentage of radiation energy transmitted through the first matter at a high energy level;
computing a percentage of radiation energy transmitted through the first matter at a low energy level;
computing a ratio of the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through the first matter at the high energy level to the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through the first matter at the low energy level;
graphing the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through the first matter at a high energy level against the ratio of the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through the first matter at a high energy level to the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through the first matter at a low energy level;
placing the plurality of second matters between the source of radiation emitting the plurality of energy levels and the radiation detector capable of measuring radiation energy transmitted through such plurality of second matters at the plurality of energy levels;
computing a percentage of radiation energy transmitted through each of the plurality of second matters at a high energy level;
computing a percentage of radiation energy transmitted through each of the plurality of second matters at a low energy level;
computing a ratio for each of the plurality of second matters, the ratio is the ratio of the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through each of the plurality of second matters at the high energy level to the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through each of the plurality of the second matters at the low energy level;
graphing for each of the plurality of the second matters, the percentage of radiation energy transmitted through each of the plurality of the second matters at the high energy level against the ratio for each of the plurality of the second matters;
assigning a threshold value to the graphs of the plurality of the second matters;
comparing the graph of the first matter to the threshold value;
identifying whether data from the graph of the first matter is higher or lower than the threshold value;
sorting the first matter based on the identifying step.

1. An umbrella structure comprising a cover, a shaft, a notch, a runner, main ribs and stretchers; wherein:
around the notch is a plurality of pivotally disposed main ribs for supporting the cover; around the runner is a plurality of pivotally disposed stretchers for supporting the ribs; one side of the runner is provided with a fastening device having a protruding button; and the shaft is devised as a multi-sectional structure and is fastened at a center of the notch; and the characteristics being that:
the notch is extended downward to form a fixing portion; the fixing portion has one end thereof disposed with a protruding loop section, and a fastening orifice is disposed at an appropriate position thereof for matching with the protruding button; the runner is accommodated at the fixing portion, and is capable of up-and-down sliding movements at the fixing portion; when stretching the umbrella, the protruding button at the fastening device is securely locked at the fastening orifice at the fixing portion to smoothly stretch the umbrella; when collapsing the umbrella, the shaft is stored in the fixing portion to prevent the shaft from damages and deformations by offering the shaft with appropriate protection; and using the aforesaid structure, a drawback as being incapable of securely stretching the umbrella due to a reduced volume of the umbrella is solved.
2. The umbrella structure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the fixing portion is provided with a track at an appropriate position thereof, and an inner side of the runner is provided with a sliding channel to be embedded with the track, thereby smoothly guiding the runner into the fixing portion using the sliding channel.
3. The umbrella structure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the fixing portion is a separate element from the notch.
4. The umbrella structure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the fixing portion are a plurality of plate-like bodies.
5. The umbrella structure in accordance with claim 1, wherein one end of the fixing portion is disposed with a protruding loop section.
6. The umbrella structure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the fastening orifice is round, rectangular, triangular or oval-shaped structure suitable for fastening purposes.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A handheld mobile communications device comprising:
a support structure;
radio signal processing circuitry positioned on the support structure and configured to receive and transmit radio signals;
an image sensor positioned on the support structure for electronically capturing an image;
image processing circuitry positioned on the support structure and operatively connected to: the image sensor to receive the electronically captured image; and the radio signal processing circuitry;
a receptacle for receiving a detachable printing mechanism; and
a slot for receiving manually inserted print media to be printed on by the printing mechanism.
2. A communications device as claimed in claim 1, in which the printing mechanism includes a pagewidth printhead and an ink distribution unit mounted on the printhead to supply ink to the printhead.
3. A communications device as claimed in claim 2, in which the printhead includes a printhead chip that spans a print media pathway, the printhead chip defining a plurality of ink inlets for the supply of ink to the printhead chip.
4. A communications device as claimed in claim 3, in which the ink distribution unit defines a number of discrete ink supply chambers and a plurality of ink pathways interposed between the ink supply chambers and said ink inlets, the ink pathways converging towards the ink inlets so that each ink inlet is supplied with ink from a respective ink pathway.
5. A communications device as claimed in claim 1, in which the radio signal processing circuitry is configured to process radio signals of the type transmitted and received by a mobile telephone.
6. A communications device as claimed in claim 1, in which the audio signal processing circuitry is configured to process audio signals of the type generated and received by a mobile telephone.