Author: claimsbot

1. A phase selector for selecting a differential output, the phase selector comprising:
a first transistor circuit for receiving a first differential input signal;
a second transistor circuit for receiving a second differential input signal; and
a pair of output lines connected to the first and second transistor circuits, wherein the output lines provide the differential output, and wherein the first and second transistor circuits are substantially matched.
2. The phase selector of claim 1, wherein each transistor circuit includes:
a current source connected to a first voltage source;
a first pair of transistors, wherein gates of the first pair of transistors receive one of the first and second differential input signals, sources of the first pair of transistors are connected to the current source, a drain of one transistor of the first pair of transistors is connected to a first node, and a drain of another transistor of the first pair of transistors is connected to a second node;
a second pair of transistors, wherein gates of the second pair of transistors receive a first control signal, drains of the second pair of transistors are connected to a second voltage source, a source of one transistor of the second pair of transistors is connected to the first node, and a source of another transistor of the second pair of transistors is connected to the second node;
a third pair of transistors, wherein gates of the third pair of transistors receive a second control signal, a source of one transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to the first node, a source of another transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to the second node, a drain of one transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to one of the pair of output lines, and a drain of another transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to another of the pair of output lines; and
a fourth pair of transistors, wherein gates of the third pair of transistors receive a third control signal, a source of one transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to the first node, a source of another transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to the second node, a drain of one transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to one of the pair of output lines, and a drain of another transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to another of the pair of output lines.
3. The phase selector of claim 2, wherein each transistor is an NMOS transistor.
4. The phase selector of claim 2, further including a resistor connected between each output line and the first voltage source.
5. A method of operating a phase selector including a first transistor circuit and a second transistor circuit, the method comprising:
determining control signals for the first and second transistor circuits;
using the first transistor circuit to dump an output current generated by a first differential input signal to Vdd; and
using the second transistor circuit to steer an output current generated by a second differential input signal to output lines, thereby providing a differential output signal to the output lines.
6. The method of claim 5, further including changing a polarity of the differential output signal by changing two control signals of the second transistor circuit.
7. The method of claim 5, further including commutating phase selection by providing a gradual transition of a control signal from a first logic value to a second logic value.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein commutating phase selection includes gradually turning on at least a first transistor and gradually turning off at least a second transistor.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein a first period associated with turning on the at least first transistor is equal to a second period associated with turning off the at least second transistor.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first and second periods span several cycles of an input signal comprising the first and second differential input signals.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the several cycles include at least two cycles.
12. A method of designing a phase selector, the method comprising:
providing a first transistor circuit for receiving a first differential input signal;
providing a second transistor circuit for receiving a second differential input signal; and
providing a pair of output lines selectively connected to the first and second transistor circuits, wherein the output lines provide a differential output, and wherein the first and second transistor circuits are matched.
13. The method of claim 12, further including for each transistor circuit:
providing a current source connected to a first voltage source;
providing a first pair of transistors, wherein gates of the first pair of transistors receive one of the first and second differential input signals, sources of the first pair of transistors are connected to the current source, a drain of one transistor of the first pair of transistors is connected to a first node, and a drain of another transistor of the first pair of transistors is connected to a second node;
providing a second pair of transistors, wherein gates of the second pair of transistors receive a first control signal, drains of the second pair of transistors are connected to a second voltage source, a source of one transistor of the second pair of transistors is connected to the first node, and a source of another transistor of the second pair of transistors is connected to the second node;
providing a third pair of transistors, wherein gates of the third pair of transistors receive a second control signal, a source of one transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to the first node, a source of another transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to the second node, a drain of one transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to one of the pair of output lines, and a drain of another transistor of the third pair of transistors is connected to another of the pair of output lines; and
providing a fourth pair of transistors, wherein gates of the third pair of transistors receive a third control signal, a source of one transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to the first node, a source of another transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to the second node, a drain of one transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to one of the pair of output lines, and a drain of another transistor of the fourth pair of transistors is connected to another of the pair of output lines.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein each transistor is designated an NMOS transistor.
15. The method of claim 14, further including providing a resistor connected between each output line and the first voltage source.
16. A phase selector comprising:
means for selectively dumping an output current generated by a first differential input signal to Vdd; and
means for selectively steering an output current generated by a second differential input signal to output lines of the phase selector, thereby providing a differential output signal to the output lines.
17. The phase selector of claim 16, further including means for changing a polarity of the differential output signal by changing control signals provided to the means for selectively steering.
18. The phase selector of claim 16, further including means for providing a gradual transition of a control signal from a first logic value to a second logic value, the control signal being provided to the means for selectively steering.
19. The phase selector of claim 18, wherein the means for providing a gradual transition includes a state machine or computer-implementable program instructions for gradually turning on at least a first transistor and turning off at least a second transistor.
20. A state machine or a computer-implementable software program for operating a phase selector, the phase selector including a first transistor circuit and a second transistor circuit, the software program comprising:
instructions for determining control signals for the first and second transistor circuits;
instructions for using the first transistor circuit to dump an output current generated by a first differential input signal to Vdd; and
instructions for using the second transistor circuit to steer an output current generated by a second differential input signal to output lines of the phase selector, thereby providing a differential output signal to the output lines.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A Compound of formula (I):
wherein:
R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted by halogen, \u2014CN, C1-C6 alkoxy, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, CH2-furanyl, oxazoyl, CH2-oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, or CH2-naphthyl; wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, and napthyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R4 is C3-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzobfuran-2-yl, benzobthien-2-yl, benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl, or naphthyl; wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, and napthyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, pyridinyl, \u2014CH2-pyridinyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, CH2-furanyl, oxazoyl, CH2-oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzobfuran-2-yl, benzobthien-2-yl, benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl, naphthyl, CH2-naphyl, 9H-fluoren-1-yl, 9H-fluoren-4-yl, 9H-fluoren-9-yl, 9-fluorenone-1-yl, 9-fluorenone-2-yl, 9-fluorenone-4-yl, or CH2-9H-fluoren-9-yl; wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, napthyl, fluorenyl, and fluorenone groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, \u2014NO2, or phenoxy, the phenoxy group being further optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl;
R6 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, pyridyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, CH2-furanyl, oxazoyl, CH2-oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzobfuran-2-yl, benzobthien-2-yl, benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl, CH2-1-naphthyl, or CH2-2-naphyl; wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, and napthyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
or R5 and R6 taken together may be C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 3-indan-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl, chroman-4-yl, 4H-chromen-4-yl, thiochroman-4-yl, 9H-fluoren-9-yl, 9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl, 9H-xanthen-9-yl, 9H-thioxanthen-9-yl, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-yl, or 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzoa,dcyclohepten-5-yl, wherein these groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2; and
R7 is C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or benzyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 having the formula:
wherein R1-R3 and R5-R7 are as defined in claim 1, and
R4 is thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzobfuran-2-yl, benzobthien-2-yl, benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl, or naphthy; wherein the rings of the thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, and napthyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014CO2R7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
3. The compound of claim 1 having the formula II:
wherein:
R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted by halogen, \u2014CN, C1-C6 alkoxy, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, or CH2-naphyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, phenyl, and benzyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, \u2014NO2, or phenoxy; the phenoxy group being optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl;
R6 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1\u2014C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
or R5 and R6 taken together may be a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R8, R9, R10 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1\u2014C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
4. The compound of claim 1 having the formula III:
wherein:
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted by halogen;
R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or thienyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, phenyl, thienyl and benzyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R6 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl,
R8, R9, R10 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
5. The compound of claim 1 which is {5-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethyl-indol-1-yl}-acetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
6. The compound of claim 1 which is {3-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl-5-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl1H-indol-1-yl}acetic) acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
7. The compound of claim 1 which is 3-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-indol-1-ylacetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
8. The compound of claim 1 which is {3-3,5bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl-5-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1H-indol-1-yl}acetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
9. The compound of claim 1 which is {5-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-1H-indol-1-yl}acetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
10. The compound of claim 1 which is 3-(1-phenylethyl)-5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-indol-1-ylacetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
11. The compound of claim 1 which is 3-(1-thiophen-2yl-ethyl)-5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-indol-1-ylacetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
12. The compound of claim 1 which is 3-(1-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-indol-1-ylacetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
13. The compound of claim 1 which is 3-(4-isopropyl-benzyl)-5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-indol-1-ylacetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
14. The compound of claim 1 which is 5-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-3-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-indol-1-yl-acetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
15. The compound of claim 1 which is 5-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-3-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-indol-1-yl-acetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
16. The compound of claim 1 which is 3-(1-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-5-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-indol-1-ylacetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutical carrier.
18. A method for the treatment of thrombosis, fibrinolytic impairment, peripheral arterial disease, stroke associated with or resulting from atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischemia, cardiovascular disease caused by noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal fibrosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, breast cancer or ovarian cancer in a mammal, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I
wherein:
R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted by halogen, \u2014CN, C1-C6 alkoxy, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, CH2-furanyl, oxazoyl, CH2-oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, or CH2-naphthyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from alogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O) \u20142CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R4 is C3-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzobfuran-2-yl, benzobthien-2-yl, benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl, or naphthyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, pyridinyl, \u2014CH2-pyridinyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, CH2-furanyl, oxazoyl, CH2-oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzobfuran-2-yl, benzobthien-2-yl, benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl, naphthyl, CH2-naphyl, 9H-fluoren-1-yl, 9H-fluoren-4-yl, 9H-fluoren-9-yl, 9-fluorenone-1-yl, 9-fluorenone-2-yl, 9fluorenone-4-yl, or CH2-9H-fluoren-9-yl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, pyridinyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, and fluorenone groups are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, phenoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2, wherein the phenoxy group is optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl;
R6 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, pyridyl, thienyl, CH2-thienyl, furanyl, CH2-furanyl, oxazoyl, CH2-oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzobfuran-2-yl, benzo bthien2-yl, benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl, CH2-1-naphthyl, or CH2-2-naphyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, thienyl, furanyl, oxazoyl, phenyl, benzyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, and naphthyl groups are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
or R5 and R6 taken together may be C3-C6 cycloalkyl, 3-indan-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl, chroman-4-yl, 4H-chromen-4-yl, thiochroman-4-yl, 9H-fluoren-9-yl, 9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl, 9H-xanthen-9-yl, 9H-thioxanthen-9-yl, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-yl, or 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzoa,dcyclohepten-5-yl, wherein these groups are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2; and
R7 is C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2-C3\u2014C6 cycloalkyl, or benzyl;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
19. A method of claim 18 wherein the thrombosis or fibrinolytic impairment is associated with formation of atherosclerotic plaques, venous and arterial thrombosis, myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, coagulation syndromes, pulmonary fibrosis, cerebral thrombosis, thromboembolic complications of surgery or peripheral arterial occlusion.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease in a mammal.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of stroke associated with or resulting from atrial fibrillation in a mammal.
22. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis in a mammal.
23. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of myocardial ischemia in a mammal.
24. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of cardiovascular disease caused by noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a mammal.
25. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in a mammal.
26. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mammal.
27. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of renal fibrosis in a mammal.
28. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in a mammal.
29. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in a mammal.
30. The method of claim 18 wherein said method is for the treatment of breast or ovarian cancer in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
31. The compound of claim 1 wherein R4 is phenyl, wherein the rings of the phenyl group are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2.
32. The compound of claim 3 wherein at least one of R8, R9, R10 is independently halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1\u2014C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)\u20142CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2.
33. The compound of claim 32 wherein R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl group are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, \u2014NO2, or phenoxy; the phenoxy group being optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl.
34. The compound of claim 4 wherein at least one of R8, R9, R10 is independently halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1\u2014C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)\u20142CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2.
35. The compound of claim 34 wherein R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl group are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, \u2014NO2, or phenoxy; the phenoxy group being optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl.
36. The method of claim 18 wherein R4 is phenyl, wherein the rings of the phenyl group are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u20140\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)OR7, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2.
37. The method of claim 18 wherein the compound has the compound of formula III:
wherein:
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, optionally substituted by halogen;
R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, \u2014CH2-C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or thienyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl, phenyl, thienyl and benzyl groups may be optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COOH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;
R6 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl,
R8, R9, R10 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester form thereof.
38. The method of claim 37 wherein R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or \u2014CH2\u2014C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl group and the rings of the cycloalkyl group are optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 groups selected from halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1\u2014C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014O\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, \u2014S\u2014C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, \u2014OCHF2, \u2014CN, \u2014COGH, \u2014CH2CO2H, \u2014C(O)CH3, \u2014C(O)NH2, \u2014S(O)2CH3, \u2014OH, \u2014NH2, or \u2014NO2.

1. A method of manufacturing an inkjet printhead, comprising:
forming a nozzle plate on a top surface of a top portion of a substrate;
forming a heater on the nozzle plate;
forming electrodes electrically connected to a heater on the nozzle plate;
forming a nozzle by etching the nozzle plate;
forming a manifold by etching a bottom portion of the substrate to a predetermined depth, and forming a channel-forming layer on a bottom surface of the etched bottom portion of the substrate;
forming a substantially cylindrical ink chamber by etching the substrate exposed through the nozzle; and
forming an ink channel in the channel-forming layer to communicate between the ink chamber and the manifold.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the channel forming layer comprises forming a first material layer on the etched bottom surface of the substrate to form a bottom of the ink chamber.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the forming of the first material layer comprises forming a silicon oxide layer by depositing silicon oxide on the etched bottom surface of the substrate by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition).
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the forming of the substantially cylindrical ink chamber comprises isotropically etching the top portion of the substrate exposed through the nozzle using the first material layer as an etch stop layer.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the forming of the substantially cylindrical ink chamber comprises:
forming a trench by anisotropically etching the top portion of the substrate exposed through the nozzle;
depositing a material layer over the entire surface of the anisotropically etched top portion of the substrate to a predetermined thickness;
exposing a bottom of the trench by aniostropically etching the material layer and simultaneously forming a nozzle guide of the material layer along a side wall of the trench; and
forming the substantially cylindrical ink chamber by isotropically etching the exposed substrate through the bottom of the trench using the first material layer as an etch stop layer.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the isotropically etching of the substrate comprises isotropically dry etching using a XeF2 gas as an etching gas.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the forming of the channel-forming layer comprises forming a second material layer on the first material layer opposite to the ink chamber as a buffer layer of the first material layer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming of the second material layer comprises forming a polycrystalline silicon layer by depositing polycrystalline silicon on the first material layer.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming of the substantially cylindrical ink chamber comprises:
forming a trench by anisotropically etching the top portion of the substrate exposed through the nozzle;
depositing a material layer over the entire surface of the anisotropically etched top portion of the substrate to a predetermined thickness;
exposing a bottom of the trench by aniostropically etching the predetermined material layer and simultaneously forming a nozzle guide of the predetermined material layer along a side wall of the trench; and
forming the substantially cylindrical ink chamber by isotropically etching the exposed substrate through the bottom of the trench using the first material layer as an etch stop layer.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming of the substantially cylindrical ink chamber comprises isotropically etching the substrate exposed through the nozzle using the first material layer as an etch stop layer.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the isotropically etching of the substrate comprises isotropically dry etching using an XeF2 gas as an etching gas.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the ink channel comprises etching the channel forming layer from the manifold to the ink chamber by RIE (Reactive Ion Etching).
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the ink channel comprises processing the ink channel-forming layer in a direction from the manifold to the ink chamber by laser processing.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the substantially cylindrical ink channel comprises forming a plurality of ink channels.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the ink channels are arranged in the ink chamber at equal intervals along a circumference having a predetermined radius.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the forming of the ink channels comprises etching the channel-forming layer from the manifold to the ink chamber by RIE (Reactive Ion Etching).
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the forming of the ink channels comprises processing the ink channel-forming layer in a direction from the manifold to the ink chamber by a laser processing.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system, comprising:
an underwater assembly, comprising:
a flow control device: and
an actuator coupled to the flow control device, wherein the actuator is configured to actuate the flow control device;
an insulated housing surrounding the flow control device and the actuator, wherein the insulated housing is configured to retain heat; and
a thermal control system comprising a heat exchanger configured to control a temperature of the actuator.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger volume isolated from an interior of the insulated housing, and the thermal control system is configured to circulate a fluid through the heat exchanger volume.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the thermal control system comprises an inlet passage extending from an exterior through a wall of the insulated housing, through the interior of the insulated housing, and to an inlet of the heat exchanger.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the thermal control system comprises an outlet passage extending from an outlet of the heat exchanger, through the interior of the insulated housing, and through the wall to the exterior of the insulated housing.
5. The system of claim 4, comprising a valve coupled to the outlet passage, wherein the thermal control system is configured to open or close the valve in response to at least one temperature threshold.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the valve comprises a thermally actuated valve unit having a thermal actuator coupled to a valve mechanism, and the thermal actuator is configured to open or close the valve mechanism in response to the at least one temperature threshold.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the thermal control system comprises an actuation system configured to open or close the valve in response to the at least one temperature threshold, wherein the actuation system comprises a temperature sensor, a controller, and an actuator.
8. The system of claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a coil disposed about the actuator, and the coil is configured to circulate the fluid.
9. The system of claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of fins coupled to the actuator and a conduit coupled to the plurality of fins, and the conduit is configured to circulate the fluid.
10. The system of claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a jacket disposed about and coupled to the actuator, and the jacket defines a volume configured to circulate the fluid.
11. The system of claim 2, wherein the thermal control system comprises a pump configured to force circulation of the fluid through the heat exchanger volume.
12. The system of claim 2, wherein the fluid comprises sea water that enters the heat exchanger volume from an exterior of the insulated housing.
13. A system, comprising:
an underwater thermal control system, comprising:
a heat exchanger configured to control a temperature of an actuator disposed in an insulated housing;
an inlet passage configured to pass a water flow from an exterior of the insulated housing into the heat exchanger;
an outlet passage couple configured to pass the water flow from the heat exchanger to the exterior of the insulated housing; and
a valve coupled to the outlet passage, wherein the valve is configured to open and close to control circulation of the water flow through the inlet passage, the heat exchanger, and the outlet passage based on temperature feedback.
14. The system of claim 13, comprising a thermostat configured to operate the valve based on a comparison of the temperature feedback to at least one temperature threshold.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the thermostat comprises a temperature sensor, a controller, and a valve actuator coupled to the valve
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the thermostat is configured to operate a pump to force the water flow through the heat exchanger.
17. The system of claim 13, comprising a mineral extraction component having the actuator.
18. A method, comprising:
sensing a temperature at or above an upper threshold temperature within an insulated underwater housing that contains an actuator coupled to a flow control device;
initiating a flow of water from a surrounding water through a heat exchanger within the insulated underwater housing if the temperature is at or above the upper threshold temperature;
sensing the temperature at or below a lower threshold temperature within the insulated underwater housing; and
terminating the flow of water through the heat exchanger if the temperature is at or below the lower threshold temperature.
19. The method of claim 18, comprising maintaining the temperature of an underwater mineral extraction component within a temperature range, wherein the underwater mineral extraction component comprises the insulated underwater housing, the actuator, and the flow control device.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein initiating the flow of water comprises opening a valve to enable the flow by natural buoyancy and temperature differences between the heat exchanger and the water surrounding the insulated underwater housing.