Author: claimsbot

1. A nonvolatile memory device, comprising:
a stacked structure on a semiconductor substrate, the stacked structure comprising conductive patterns and interlayer dielectric patterns alternately stacked therein;
a semiconductor pattern connected to the semiconductor substrate by passing through the stacked structure;
a data storage layer between the semiconductor pattern and the conductive patterns; and
a fixed charge layer between the semiconductor pattern and the interlayer dielectric patterns, the fixed charge layer including fixed charges,
wherein electrical polarity of the fixed charges is equal to electrical polarity of majority carriers of the semiconductor pattern.
2. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor pattern includes a p-type semiconductor material, and the fixed charge layer includes elements generating positive fixed charges.
3. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the elements generating the positive fixed charges include nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), hafnium (HF), andor zirconium (Zr).
4. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fixed charge layer includes silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), hafnium oxide, andor zirconium oxide.
5. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor pattern includes an n-type semiconductor material, and the fixed charge layer includes elements generating negative fixed charges.
6. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the elements generating the negative fixed charges includes fluorine (F) andor aluminum (Al).
7. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fixed charge layer includes aluminum oxide andor aluminum oxynitride.
8. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor pattern includes a channel region adjacent to the conductive pattern and a channel connection region adjacent to the fixed charge layer, and a number of majority carriers in the channel connection region is smaller than a number of majority carriers in the channel region.
9. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data storage layer extends on top surfaces and bottom surfaces of the conductive pattern.
10. The nonvolatile memory device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interlayer dielectric patterns include an insulating material having a dielectric constant smaller than a dielectric constant of a material of the fixed charge layer.
11-20. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of recycling spent filter media comprising:
providing a cloth, the cloth being spent polymer-base filter media;
rolling the spent polymer-base filer media into a roll;
removing foreign solid particles from the roll of cloth by unrolling the cloth and passing the cloth past and in contact with a rotating brush;
rolling the brushed cloth back into the form of a roll;
cutting the roll of cloth into a plurality of sections;
washing the plurality of cloth sections;
drying the plurality of cloth sections; and
processing the dried cloth to produce polymer-base particles, the particles selected from a group consisting of granules, pellets and combinations thereof, and used to produce a component.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing of the dried cloth is selected from the group consisting of densifying and granulating.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cloth has been used as metal working filtration media.
4. The method of claim 1, further including removing the foreign solid particles from the cloth using a squirrel cage.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the washing the cloth is dry cleaning the cloth.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the washing the cloth is washing the cloth using soap and water.
7. The method of claim 6, further including bailing the polymer-base particles.
8. A method of making a component out of recycled polymer-base filter media cloth, the method comprising:
providing a cloth, the cloth being spent polymer-base filter media;
rolling the cloth into a roll;
removing foreign solid particles from the roll of cloth by unrolling the roll of cloth and passing the unrolled cloth between a pair of rotating brushes, the brushes mechanically removing the foreign solid particles from the cloth;
rolling the cloth that has passed between the pair of rotating brushes back into a roll;
cutting the roll of cloth into a plurality of sections such that a plurality of rectangular sheets of cloth are produced;
washing the rectangular sheets of cloth;
drying the rectangular sheets of cloth;
processing the rectangular sheets of cloth to produce polymer particles, the particles selected from a group consisting of granules, pellets and combinations thereof and the processing selected from a group consisting of granulating and densifying;
providing an injection molding machine;
placing the particles of polymer into the injection molding machine; and
injection molding the particles of polymer to produce a component.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cloth has been used as a metal working filter media.
10. The method of claim 8, further including spinning the rectangular sheets of cloth in a squirrel cage in order to remove additional foreign solid particles from the cloth.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein washing the rectangular sheets of cloth is dry cleaning the rectangular sheets of cloth.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the component is a dunnage for holding automotive parts.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the component is a pallet.

1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit configured to input a plurality of image frames included in moving image data;
a determination unit configured to determine a specific area in the input image frame based on a result of an object detection for the input image frame;
an estimation unit configured to estimate, by using a specific area in a first input image frame which is determined by the determination unit based on a result of an object detection for the first input image frame and a specific area in a second input image frame succeeding the first input image frame which is determined by the determination unit based on a result of an object detection for the second input image frame, a specific area in a third input image frame succeeding the second input image frame;
a specification unit configured to specify a difference between a specific area in the third input image frame which is determined by the determination unit based on a result of an object detection for the third input image frame and the specific area in the third input image frame which is estimated by the estimation unit by using the specific areas in the first and second input image frames; and
a control unit configured to control a parameter for encoding a fourth input image frame succeeding the third input image frame based on the difference specified by the specification unit, such that a specific area being based on an estimation result of the estimation unit for the fourth input image frame is encoded with a higher image quality than other area in the fourth input image frame in a case where the difference specified by the specification unit for the third input image frame is smaller than a predetermined threshold.
2. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to function as each unit of the image processing apparatus of claim 1.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case where the difference for the third input image frame is smaller than the predetermined threshold, said control unit sets a quantization step for the specific area being based on the estimation result of the estimation unit for the fourth input frame image to be smaller than a quantization step for areas other than the specific area being based on the estimation result of the estimation unit for the fourth input frame.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit detects, as a result of the object detection, at least one of a human face, a human body, an animal face, and a license plate of a car.
5. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit configured to input a plurality of image frames included in moving image data;
a determination unit configured to determine a specific area in the input image frame based on a result of an object detection for the input image frame;
an estimation unit configured to estimate, by using a specific area in a first input image frame which is determined by the determination unit based on a result of an object detection for the first input image frame and a specific area in a second input image frame succeeding the first input image frame which is determined by the determination unit based on a result of an object detection for the second input image frame, a specific area in a third input image frame succeeding the second input image frame;
a specification unit configured to specify a difference between a specific area in the third input image frame which is determined by the determination unit based on a result of an object detection for the third input image frame and the specific area in the third input image frame which is estimated by the estimation unit by using the specific areas in the first and second input image frames; and
a control unit configured to change, based on the difference specified by the specification unit, a specific area being based on an estimation result of the estimation unit for a fourth input image frame succeeding the third input image frame and to control a parameter for encoding the fourth input image frame such that the changed specific area is encoded with a higher image quality than other area in the fourth input image frame.
6. An image processing method comprising:
inputting a plurality of image frames included in moving image data;
determining a specific area in the input image frame based on a result of an object detection for the input image frame;
estimating, by using a specific area in a first input image frame which is determined by the determining based on a result of an object detection for the first input image frame and a specific area in a second input image frame succeeding the first input image frame which is determined by the determining based on a result of an object detection for the second input image frame, a specific area in a third input image frame succeeding the second input image frame;
specifying a difference between a specific area in the third input image frame which is determined by the determining based on a result of an object detection for the third input image frame and the specific area in the third input image frame which is estimated by the estimating by using the specific areas in the first and second input image frames; and
controlling a parameter for encoding a fourth input image frame succeeding the third input image frame based on the difference specified by the specifying, such that a specific area being based on an estimation result of the estimating for the fourth input image frame is encoded with a higher image quality than other area in the fourth input image frame in a case where the difference specified by the specifying for the third input image frame is smaller than a predetermined threshold.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the determining detects, as a result of the object detection, at least one of a human face, a human body, an animal face, and a license plate of a car.
8. An image processing method comprising:
inputting a plurality of image frames included in moving image data;
determining a specific area in the input image frame based on a result of an object detection for the input image frame;
estimating, by using a specific area in a first input image frame which is determined by the determining based on a result of an object detection for the first input image frame and a specific area in a second input image frame succeeding the first input image frame which is determined by the determining based on a result of an object detection for the second input image frame, a specific area in a third input image frame succeeding the second input image frame;
specifying a difference between a specific area in the third input image frame which is determined by the determining based on a result of an object detection for the third input image frame and the specific area in the third input image frame which is estimated by the estimating by using the specific areas in the first and second input image frames; and
changing, based on the difference specified by the specifying, a specific area being based on an estimation result of the estimating for a fourth input image frame succeeding the third input image frame and controlling a parameter for encoding the fourth input image frame such that the changed specific area is encoded with a higher image quality than other area in the fourth input image frame.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in a case where the difference for the third input image frame is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the controlling sets a quantization step for the specific area being based on the estimation result of the estimating for the fourth input frame image to be smaller than a quantization step for areas other than the specific area being based on the estimation result of the estimating for the fourth input frame.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method comprising:
receiving a positioning signal;
performing correlation calculations on the received positioning signal using a code replica of one spreading code among the plurality of spreading codes;
selecting a total peak value and a remote peak value, the total peak value being a first maximum correlation value among correlation values obtained by the correlation calculations, and the remote peak value being a second maximum correlation value among correlation values apart from a phase of the total peak value by a phase equal to or greater than a given phase;
changing a threshold value condition for the total peak value based on the remote peak value; and
determining whether or not the received positioning signal is spread-modulated with the one spreading code by determining whether or not the total peak value satisfies the threshold value condition.
2. The method as defined in claim 1,
the spreading code including N chips;
the performing of the correlation calculations including dividing the spreading code into M (\u2267N) cells, and performing the correlation calculations while shifting a phase in cell units; and
a third maximum correlation value among correlation values corresponding to cells that are included in the M cells and apart from the phase of the total peak value by MN or more cells being selected as the remote peak value.
3. The method as defined in claim 1,
the performing of the correlation calculations including integrating correlation values while changing an integration time;
the method further comprising:
determining a type of the remote peak value with respect to the integration time when performing the correlation calculations from a plurality of types that are defined in advance as types of change in correlation value corresponding to the integration time during the correlation calculations; wherein
the changing of the threshold value condition including changing the threshold value condition using a threshold value condition change policy corresponding to the determined type among a plurality of threshold value condition change policies defined in advance corresponding to the plurality of types.
4. The method as defined in claim 3,
the threshold value condition being a condition relating to a relative threshold value of the total peak value with respect to the remote peak value;
each of the plurality of threshold value condition change policies being defined by a function that calculates the relative threshold value and has at least the integration time and the remote peak value as variables;
the changing of the threshold value condition including calculating the relative threshold value by substituting the integration time when performing the correlation calculations and the remote peak value for the variables of the function defined as the threshold value condition change policy corresponding to the determined type; and
the method further comprising:
determining that the received positioning signal is spread-modulated with the one spreading code when a relative value of the total peak value with respect to the remote peak value exceeds the calculated relative threshold value.
5. The method as defined in claim 4,
the types of change in correlation value corresponding to the integration time during the correlation calculations being classified into a first type and a second type, the first type representing a change in correlation value when the total peak value is a correlation value that indicates a signal, and the second type representing a change in correlation value when the total peak value is a correlation value that indicates noise; and
the functions being mathematical models that imitate an actual change in correlation value, the function corresponding to the first type being a linear function, and the function corresponding to the second type being a nonlinear function.
6. The method as defined in claim 1,
a lower limit of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a communication signal that is received when receiving the positioning signal being equal to or lower than \u2212150 dBm.
7. A positioning device comprising:
a receiver section that receives a positioning signal;
a correlation calculation section that performs correlation calculations on the received positioning signal using a code replica of one spreading code among the plurality of spreading codes;
a selection section that selects a total peak value and a remote peak value, the total peak value being a first maximum correlation value among correlation values obtained by the correlation calculations, and the remote peak value being a second maximum correlation value among correlation values apart from a phase of the total peak value by a phase equal to or greater than a given phase;
a threshold value condition change section that changes a threshold value condition for the total peak value based on the remote peak value;
a signal determination section that determines whether or not the received positioning signal is spread-modulated with the one spreading code by determining whether or not the total peak value satisfies the threshold value condition; and
a positioning section that calculates a position using the determined positioning signal by the signal determination section.
8. The positioning device as defined in claim 7,
the spreading code including N chips;
the correlation calculation section dividing the spreading code into M (\u2267N) cells, and performing the correlation calculations while shifting a phase in cell units; and
the selection section selecting a maximum correlation value among correlation values corresponding to cells that are included in the M cells and apart from the phase of the total peak value by MN or more cells as the remote peak value.
9. The positioning device as defined in claim 7,
the correlation calculation section integrating calculated correlation values while changing an integration time;
the positioning device further comprising:
a correlation value type determination section that determines a type of the remote peak value with respect to the integration time during the correlation calculations performed by the correlation calculation section from a plurality of types that are defined in advance as types of change in correlation value corresponding to the integration time during the correlation calculations; wherein
the threshold value condition change section changing the threshold value condition using a threshold value condition change policy corresponding to the type determined by the correlation value type determination section among a plurality of threshold value condition change policies defined in advance corresponding to the plurality of types.
10. The positioning device as defined in claim 9,
the threshold value condition being a condition relating to a relative threshold value of the total peak value with respect to the remote peak value;
each of the plurality of threshold value condition change policies being defined by a function that calculates the relative threshold value and has at least the integration time and the remote peak value as variables;
the threshold value condition change section calculating the relative threshold value by substituting the integration time when performing the correlation calculations and the remote peak value for the variables of the function defined as the threshold value condition change policy corresponding to the type determined by the correlation value type determination section; and
the signal determination section determining that the received positioning signal is spread-modulated with the one spreading code when a relative value of the total peak value with respect to the remote peak value exceeds the calculated relative threshold value.
11. The positioning device as defined in claim 10,
the types of change in correlation value corresponding to the integration time during the correlation calculations being classified into a first type and a second type, the first type representing a change in correlation value when the total peak value is a correlation value that indicates a signal, and the second type representing a change in correlation value when the total peak value is a correlation value that indicates noise; and
the functions being mathematical models that imitate an actual change in correlation value, the function corresponding to the first type being a linear function, and the function corresponding to the second type being a nonlinear function.
12. The positioning device as defined in claim 7,
a lower limit of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a communication signal that can be received by the receiver section being equal to or lower than \u2212150 dBm.
13. An electronic instrument comprising the positioning device as defined in claim 7.