Author: claimsbot

1. An echo prevention circuit for an earphone microphone comprising:
an input terminal into which a first input signal corresponding to voice output from an external communication device is received;
a first FIR filter into which the first input signal is input through the input terminal;
a second FIR filter into which the first input signal is input at the same time as into the first FIR filter;
an inputoutput terminal to which an output signal of the first FIR filter is output and a second input signal output from the earphone microphone is input;
a first subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the second FIR filter from a combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal;
an adaptive digital filter into which the output signal of the first FIR filter is input;
a second subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the adaptive digital filter from an output signal of the first subtracter; and
an output terminal to which an output signal of the second subtracter is output,
wherein
the earphone microphone is connected to the inputoutput terminal, and converts voice into the second input signal,
the first FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon first FIR filter coefficients,
the second FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon second FIR filter coefficients, the second FIR filter coefficients differing from the first FIR filter coefficients,
the adaptive digital filter adaptively updates filter coefficients based on the output signal from the first FIR filter while the first FIR filter is receiving as input the first input signal from the external communication device and the output signal from the second subtracter, such that the output signal from the output terminal is the output signal from the first subtracter that has had the other than the second input signal removed or reduced; and
the first subtracter includes a differential amplifier having the combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input and the output signal of the second FIR filter inputted thereto.
2. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first FIR filter coefficients and the second FIR filter coefficients are set such that the output signal from the first subtracter has only the output signal from the first FIR filter removed or reduced when the first input signal is received at the input terminal.
3. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the second FIR filter coefficients are first impulse response from the output of the first FIR filter to the output of the first subtracter, and
the first FIR filter coefficients are the inverse in phase of second impulse response from the output of the second FIR filter to the output of the first subtracter.
4. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 3,
wherein the output signal of the first FIR filter, output through the inputoutput terminal, can be reflected by the earphone microphone that converts the output signal into voice and outputs and that converts received voice into the second input signal and outputs, and be input to the inputoutput terminal, and
wherein the first impulse response is impulse response from the output of the first FIR filter through the earphone microphone to the output of the first subtracter for a state where the earphone microphone is connected to the inputoutput terminal.
5. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 4, wherein the first impulse response is one for a state where the earphone microphone is attached to an ear.
6. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 3, further comprising:
a first DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the output signal of the first FIR filter;
a second DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the output signal of the second FIR filter; and
an AD converter that analog-to-digital converts the output signal of the first subtracter,
wherein the first impulse response is impulse response from the first DA converter to the AD converter, and the second impulse response is impulse response from the second DA converter to the AD converter.
7. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 6, wherein the first impulse response is impulse response from the first DA converter through the earphone microphone to the AD converter for a state where the earphone microphone that converts an output signal of the first DA converter into voice and outputs and that converts received voice into the second input signal and outputs is connected to the inputoutput terminal.
8. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 6, further comprising:
an amplifier in between the output of the first subtracter and the input of the AD converter that amplifies an output signal of the first subtracter,
wherein the first impulse response is a product of impulse response from the first DA converter to the first subtracter and impulse response from the first subtracter to the AD converter, and
the second impulse response is a product of impulse response from the second DA converter to the first subtracter and impulse response from the first subtracter to the AD converter.
9. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 8, wherein the first impulse response is a product of impulse response from the first DA converter through the earphone microphone to the first subtracter and impulse response from the first subtracter to the AD converter for a state where the earphone microphone that converts an output signal of the first DA converter into voice and outputs and that converts received voice into the second input signal and outputs is connected to the inputoutput terminal.
10. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 6, further comprising:
a filter coefficient setting unit that sets the second FIR filter coefficients based on the first impulse response and sets the first FIR filter coefficients based on the second impulse response.
11. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the second FIR filter coefficients are the inverse in phase of first impulse response from the output of the first FIR filter to the output of the first subtracter, and
the first FIR filter coefficients are second impulse response from the output of the second FIR filter to the output of the first subtracter.
12. The echo prevention circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first subtracter has:
an inverting circuit that inverts the output signal of the second FIR filter;
a gain phase adjusting circuit that adjusts gain and phase of an output signal of the inverting circuit; and
an adder that adds the combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal, and an output signal of the gain phase adjusting circuit.
13. A digital signal processing circuit for an earphone microphone comprising:
a first input terminal into which a first input signal corresponding to voice output from an external communication device is received;
a first FIR filter into which the first input signal is input through the first input terminal;
a second FIR filter into which the first input signal is input at the same time as into the first FIR filter;
a first output terminal to which an output signal of the first FIR filter is output;
a second output terminal to which an output signal of the second FIR filter is output;
a second input terminal to which is input a subtracted signal produced by subtracting the output signal through the second output terminal from a combined signal of the output signal through the first output terminal and a second input signal output from the earphone microphone on an inputoutput signal common line;
an adaptive digital filter into which the output signal of the first FIR filter is input;
a subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the adaptive digital filter from the signal through the second input terminal; and
a third output terminal to which an output signal of the subtracter is output, wherein
the earphone microphone is connected to the inputoutput signal common line, and converts voice into the second input signal,
the first FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon first FIR filter coefficients,
the second FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon second FIR filter coefficients, the second FIR filter coefficients differing from the first FIR filter coefficients,
the adaptive digital filter adaptively updates filter coefficients based on the output signal from the first FIR filter while the first FIR filter is receiving as input the first input signal from the external communication device and the output signal from the subtracter, such that the output signal from the third output terminal is the subtracted signal that has had the other than the second input signal removed or reduced, and
the first subtracter includes a differential amplifier having the combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal, and the output signal of the second FIR filter inputted thereto.
14. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 13, wherein
the first FIR filter coefficients and the second FIR filter coefficients are set such that the subtracted signal has only the output signal from the first FIR filter removed or reduced when the first input signal is received at the first input terminal.
15. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 14, wherein
the second FIR filter coefficients are first impulse response from a first DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the signal output through the first output terminal, to an AD converter that analog-to-digital converts the signal that is input to the second input terminal, and
the first FIR filter coefficients are the inverse in phase of second impulse response from a second DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the signal output through the second output terminal, to the AD converter.
16. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 15, wherein the first impulse response is impulse response from the first DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the signal output through the first output terminal, through the earphone microphone that converts an output signal of the first DA converter into voice and outputs and that converts received voice into the second input signal and outputs, to the AD converter.
17. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 16, wherein the first impulse response is one for a state where the earphone microphone is attached to an ear.
18. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 15, further comprising:
a first DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the output signal of the first FIR filter;
a second DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the output signal of the second FIR filter; and
an AD converter that analog-to-digital converts the subtracted signal, wherein the first impulse response is impulse response from the first DA converter to the AD converter, and the second impulse response is impulse response from the second DA converter to the AD converter.
19. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 18, wherein the first impulse response is impulse response from the first DA converter through the earphone microphone that converts an output signal of the first DA converter into voice and outputs and that converts received voice into the second input signal and outputs, to the AD converter.
20. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 15, further comprising:
a filter coefficient setting unit that sets the second FIR filter coefficients based on the first impulse response and sets the first FIR filter coefficients based on the second impulse response.
21. The digital signal processing circuit according to claim 14, wherein
the second FIR filter coefficients are the inverse in phase of first impulse response from a first DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the signal output through the first output terminal, to an AD converter that analog-to-digital converts the signal that is input to the second input terminal, and
the first FIR filter coefficients are second impulse response from a second DA converter that digital-to-analog converts the signal output through the second output terminal, to the AD converter.
22. A method of setting filter coefficients of an echo prevention circuit for an earphone microphone comprising:
an input terminal into which a first input signal corresponding to voice output from an external communication device is received;
a first FIR filter into which the first input signal is input through the input terminal;
a second FIR filter into which the first input signal is input at the same time as into the first FIR filter;
an inputoutput terminal to which an output signal of the first FIR filter is output or a second input signal output from the earphone microphone is input;
a first subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the second FIR filter from a combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal;
an adaptive digital filter into which the output signal of the first FIR filter is input;
a second subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the adaptive digital filter from an output signal of the first subtracter; and
an output terminal to which an output signal of the second subtracter is output, wherein
the earphone microphone is connected to the inputoutput terminal, and converts voice into the second input signal,
the first FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon first FIR filter coefficients,
the second FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon second FIR filter coefficients, the second FIR filter coefficients differing from the first FIR filter coefficients,
the setting method which sets the adaptive digital filter to adaptively update filter coefficients based on the output signal from the first FIR filter while the first FIR filter is receiving as input the first input signal from the external communication device and the output signal from the second subtracter, such that the output signal from the output terminal is the output signal from the first subtracter that has had the other than the second input signal removed or reduced, and
the first subtracter includes a differential amplifier having the combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal, and the output signal of the second FIR filter inputted thereto.
23. The method of setting filter coefficients of the echo prevention circuit according to claim 22, which sets the first FIR filter coefficients and the second FIR filter coefficients that the output signal from the first subtracter has only the output signal from the first FIR filter removed or reduced when the first input signal is received at the input terminal.
24. A method of setting filter coefficients of a digital signal processing circuit for an earphone microphone comprising:
a first input terminal into which a first input signal corresponding to voice output from an external communication device is received;
a first FIR filter into which the first input signal is input through the first input terminal;
a second FIR filter into which the first input signal is input at the same time as into the first FIR filter;
a first output terminal to which an output signal of the first FIR filter is output;
a second output terminal to which an output signal of the second FIR filter is output;
a second input terminal to which is input a subtracted signal produced by subtracting the output signal through the second output terminal from a combined signal of the output signal through the first output terminal and a second input signal output from the earphone microphone on an inputoutput signal common line;
an adaptive digital filter into which the output signal of the first FIR filter is input;
a subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the adaptive digital filter from the signal through the second input terminal; and
a third output terminal to which an output signal of the subtracter is output, wherein
the earphone microphone is connected to the inputoutput signal common line, and converts voice into the second input signal,
the first FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon first FIR filter coefficients,
the second FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon second FIR filter coefficients, the second FIR filter coefficients differing from the first FIR filter coefficients,
the setting method which sets the adaptive digital filter to adaptively update filter coefficients based on the output signal from the first FIR filter while the first FIR filter is receiving as input the first input signal from the external communication device and the output signal from the subtracter, such that the output signal from the third output terminal is the subtracted signal that has had the other than the second input signal removed or reduced, and
the first subtracter includes a differential amplifier having the combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal, and the output signal of the second FIR filter inputted thereto.
25. The method of setting filter coefficients of the digital signal processing circuit according to claim 24, which sets the first FIR filter coefficients and the second FIR filter coefficients such that the subtracted signal has only the output signal from the first FIR filter removed or reduced when the first input signal is received at the first input terminal.
26. A recording medium storing a program for setting filter coefficients of an echo prevention circuit for an earphone microphone comprising:
a processor;
an input terminal into which a first input signal corresponding to voice output from an external communication device is received;
a first FIR filter into which the first input signal is input through the input terminal;
a second FIR filter into which the first input signal is input at the same time as into the first FIR filter;
an inputoutput terminal to which an output signal of the first FIR filter is output or a second input signal output from the earphone microphone is input;
a first subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the second FIR filter from a combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal;
an adaptive digital filter into which the output signal of the first FIR filter is input;
a second subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the adaptive digital filter from an output signal of the first subtracter; and
an output terminal to which an output signal of the second subtracter is output, wherein
the earphone microphone is connected to the inputoutput terminal, and converts voice into the second input signal,
the first FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon first FIR filter coefficients,
the second FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon second FIR filter coefficients, the second FIR filter coefficients differing from the first FIR filter coefficients,
the program which causes the processor to implement a function to set the adaptive digital filter to adaptively update filter coefficients based on the output signal from the first FIR filter while the first FIR filter is receiving as input the first input signal from the external communication device and the output signal from the second subtracter, such that the output signal from the output terminal is the output signal from the first subtracter that has had the other than the second input signal removed or reduced, and
the first subtracter includes a differential amplifier having the combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal, and the output signal of the second FIR filter inputted thereto.
27. A recording medium storing a program for setting filter coefficients of a digital signal processing circuit for an earphone microphone comprising:
a processor;
a first input terminal into which a first input signal corresponding to voice output from an external communication device is received;
a first FIR filter into which the first input signal is input through the first input terminal;
a second FIR filter into which the first input signal is input at the same time as into the first FIR filter;
a first output terminal to which an output signal of the first FIR filter is output;
a second output terminal to which an output signal of the second FIR filter is output;
a second input terminal to which is input a subtracted signal produced by subtracting the output signal through the second output terminal from a combined signal of the output signal through the first output terminal and a second input signal output from the earphone microphone on an inputoutput signal common line;
an adaptive digital filter into which the output signal of the first FIR filter is input;
a subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the adaptive digital filter from the signal through the second input terminal; and
a third output terminal to which an output signal of the subtracter is output, wherein
the earphone microphone is connected to the inputoutput signal common line, and converts voice into the second input signal,
the first FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon first FIR filter coefficients,
the second FIR filter performs a convolution operation on the first input signal based upon second FIR filter coefficients, the second FIR filter coefficients differing from the first FIR filter coefficients,
the program which causes the processor to implement a function to set the adaptive digital filter to adaptively update filter coefficients based on the output signal from the first FIR filter while the first FIR filter is receiving as input the first input signal from the external communication device and the output signal from the subtracter, such that the output signal from the third output terminal is the subtracted signal that has had the other than the second input signal removed or reduced, and
the first subtracter includes a differential amplifier having the combined signal of the output signal of the first FIR filter and the second input signal, and the output signal of the second FIR filter inputted thereto.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device including a braking force control device and arranged to feed a strip-shaped material of a web roll, said strip-shaped material feeding device comprising web roll support means having a rotating shaft for supporting said web roll, brake means for applying a braking force in a rotating direction to said rotating shaft, and drive means for applying a drive force in the rotating direction to said rotating shaft and a braking force in the rotating direction to said rotating shaft,
said braking force control method comprising:
supplying only the braking force from said drive means to said rotating shaft if the braking force required for said rotating shaft is smaller than a predetermined value; and
supplying the braking force from said drive means to said rotating shaft, and supplying the braking force of the brake means to said rotating shaft, if the braking force required for said rotating shaft is larger than said predetermined value.
2. The braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined value is a maximum value of the braking force from said drive means.
3. The braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined value is equal to or larger than a maximum value of a braking force required for tension control of said strip-shaped material in a routine operation.
4. The braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 1, further comprising:
supplying the braking force from said drive means to said rotating shaft, and supplying a braking force from said brake means to said rotating shaft by an amount corresponding to a difference between the braking force required for the rotating shaft and a maximum value of the braking force from said drive means, if the braking force required for said rotating shaft is larger than the maximum value of the braking force from said drive means.
5. The braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 1, wherein
said strip-shaped material feeding device is a strip-shaped material continuous feeding device for connecting a strip-shaped material of a new web roll to said strip-shaped material being fed, and continuously feeding a strip-shaped material,
said brake means is an air brake, and
said drive means is a motor of an accelerating device for said new web roll, said accelerating device being arranged to accelerate a peripheral speed of the strip-shaped material of said new web roll to a speed of said strip-shaped material being fed.
6. The braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 4, wherein
said strip-shaped material feeding device is a strip-shaped material continuous feeding device for connecting a strip-shaped material of a new web roll to said strip-shaped material being fed, and continuously feeding a strip-shaped material,
said brake means is an air brake, and
said drive means is a motor of an accelerating device for said new web roll, said accelerating device being arranged to accelerate a peripheral speed of the strip-shaped material of said new web roll to a speed of said strip-shaped material being fed.
7. The braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the braking force required for said rotating shaft is calculated from a diameter of said web roll.
8. The braking force control method for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the braking force required for said rotating shaft is calculated from a set value of reference tension setting means and a signal from tension detecting means for detecting a tension of said strip-shaped material.
9. A braking force control device of a strip-shaped material feeding device arranged to feed a strip-shaped material of a web roll, said strip-shaped material feeding device comprising web roll support means having a rotating shaft for supporting said web roll, brake means for applying a braking force in a rotating direction to said rotating shaft, and drive means for applying a drive force in the rotating direction to said rotating shaft and a braking force in the rotating direction to said rotating shaft,
said braking force control device comprising a control device which exercises control in such a manner as to
supply only the braking force from said drive means to said rotating shaft if the braking force required for said rotating shaft is smaller than a predetermined value, and
supply the braking force from said drive means to said rotating shaft, and supply the braking force of the brake means to said rotating shaft, if the braking force required for said rotating shaft is larger than said predetermined value.
10. The braking force control device for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 9, wherein said control device sets said predetermined value at a maximum value of the braking force from said drive means.
11. The braking force control device for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 9, wherein said control device sets said predetermined value at a value equal to or larger than a maximum value of a braking force required for tension control of said strip-shaped material in a routine operation.
12. The braking force control device for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 9, wherein said control device exercises control in such a manner as to supply the braking force from said drive means to said rotating shaft, and supply a braking force from said brake means to said rotating shaft by an amount corresponding to a difference between the braking force required for the rotating shaft and a maximum value of the braking force from said drive means, if the braking force required for said rotating shaft is larger than the maximum value of the braking force from said drive means.
13. The braking force control device for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 9, wherein
said strip-shaped material feeding device is a strip-shaped material continuous feeding device for connecting a strip-shaped material of a new web roll to said strip-shaped material being fed, and continuously feeding a strip-shaped material,
said brake means is an air brake, and
said drive means is a motor of an accelerating device for said new web roll, said accelerating device being arranged to accelerate a peripheral speed of the strip-shaped material of said new web roll to a speed of said strip-shaped material being fed.
14. The braking force control device for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 12, wherein
said strip-shaped material feeding device is a strip-shaped material continuous feeding device for connecting a strip-shaped material of a new web roll to said strip-shaped material being fed, and continuously feeding a strip-shaped material,
said brake means is an air brake, and
said drive means is a motor of an accelerating device for said new web roll, said accelerating device being arranged to accelerate a peripheral speed of the strip-shaped material of said new web roll to a speed of said strip-shaped material being fed.
15. The braking force control device for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 9, wherein said control device calculates the braking force required for said rotating shaft from a signal from web roll diameter detecting means for detecting a diameter of said web roll.
16. The braking force control device for a strip-shaped material feeding device according to claim 9, wherein said control device calculates the braking force required for said rotating shaft from a set value of reference tension setting means and a signal from tension detecting means for detecting a tension of said strip-shaped material.

1. A LMWH composition having
a weight average molecular weight of about 5000 to 9000 Da and
having an anti-IIa activity of about 70 to 280.
2. The LMWH composition of claim 1, having an anti-IIa activity of about 100 to 250 IUmg.
3. A LMWH composition having
a weight average molecular weight of about 5000 to 9000 Da and
having anti-IIa activity that is at least 70% neutralizable with protamine as measured by ACT or aPTT.
4. The LMWH composition of claim 3, wherein the anti-IIa activity is neutralized by at least 70% within about 30 minutes after protamine administration.
5. A LMWH composition having a
weight average molecular weight of about 5000 to 9000 Da and
having \u0394UHNAc,6SGHNS,3S,6S at 5 to 15% of the composition.
6. A LMWH composition having an
average chain length of about 9 to 16 disaccharides, and
having \u0394UHNAc,6SGHNS,3S,6S at 5 to 15% of the composition.
7. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3 and 5, wherein the weight average molecular weight is about 5500 to 8500 Da.
8. The LMWH composition any of claims 1, 3, 5 and 6, further comprising an anti-Xa activity of about 100 to 400 IUmg.
9. The LMWH composition of claim 8, having an anti-Xa activity of about 150 to 300 IUmg.
10. The LMWH composition of claim 8, wherein the anti-Xa activity is at least 70% neutralizable as measured by ACT or aPTT.
11. The LMWH composition of claim 10, wherein the anti-Xa activity is neutralized by at least 70% within 30 minutes after protamine administration.
12. The LMWH composition of claim 11, wherein the anti-Xa activity can be neutralized by at least 70% within 30 minutes after protamine administration at a dose of about 1 to 2 mg of the LMWH composition per 100 anti-Xa IU of plasma.
13. A LMWH composition having
a weight average molecular weight of 5000 to 9000 Da and comprising
an anti Xa to anti-IIa ratio of 2:1 or less.
14. The LMWH composition of claim 13, wherein the weight average molecular weight is about 5500 to 8500 Da.
15. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 and 12, wherein activity of the composition can be monitored by aPTT and ACT.
16. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 and 12, wherein the composition comprises a mixture of \u0394U and IG structures at the non-reducing ends of the chains.
17. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 and 12, wherein about 15% to 35% of the total number of chains in the composition have a \u0394U at the non-reducing end.
18. The LMWH composition of claim 17, wherein 80% or more of the total number of chains in the composition have an unsulfated \u0394U at the non-reducing end.
19. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 and 12, less than 5% of the total number of chains in the composition have a modified reducing end structure.
20. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 and 12, wherein at least 60% or more of total number of chains in the composition comprise HNAc at the reducing end.
21. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 or 12, having one or more of the following: a calcium content less than 3%; a sodium content less than 30%; heparinase enzyme at less than 1000 ngmg; methanol at less than 1.0% ww; ethanol less than 1.0% ww; less than 2.0% chloride; less than 10% water by weight; and less than 2000 ppm of free sulfate.
22. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 or 12, wherein the LMWH provides at least a 2 fold increase in TFPI release as compared to enoxaparin.
23. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 or 12, having an intravenous half life of about 30 minutes to 3 hours.
24. The LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 or 12, having a subcutaneous half life of about 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
25. A LMWH composition having the following structure:
R is H or SO3Na;
R1 is SO3Na or COCH3;
n=2-50; and
the composition preferably has an average value for n of 9-16 or 8-15.
26. A LMWH composition having the following structure:
X is Na or Ca, R is H or SO3Na;
R1 is SO3Na or COCH3;
n=2-45; and
the composition preferably has an average value for n of 7-13 or 8-12.
27. A LMWH composition having the following structure:
wherein X is Na or Ca, R is H or SO3Na;
R1 is SO3Na or COCH3;
n=2-50; and
the composition preferably has an average value for n of 9 to 16 or 8 to 15.
28. A LMWH composition comprising one or more of the following characteristics:
the composition has substantially no modified reducing end structures; at least 60%, of the chains of the composition have HNAc at the reducing end; less than 90% of the chains of the composition have a sulfated \u0394U at the non-reducing end; there is substantially no linkage region present in the composition; the composition has more chains with 3-O sulfates than enoxaparin or dalteparin; and the ratio of \u0394UHNAc,6SGHNS,3S,6S to \u0394U2SHNS,6SIHNAc,6SGHNS,3S,6S in the composition is about 4:1 or less.
29. The LMWH composition of claim 28, wherein the composition has all of the characteristics.
30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6, 12 or 25 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
31. A method of treating a subject having or at risk for having a thrombotic disorder, comprising, administering a composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6, 12 or 25 to a subject, to thereby treat the disorder.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the disorder is acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
33. The method of claim 31, wherein the disorder is myocardial infarction.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the disorder is ST-elevated myocardial infarction or non ST-elevated myocardial infarction.
35. The method of claim 31, wherein the disorder is associated with surgical intervention.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the surgical intervention is selected from the group consisting of angioplasty, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stent placement.
37. The method of claim 35, wherein the subject can have, be at risk for having, or be recovering from a surgical intervention.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the subject is at risk for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
39. The method of claim 31, wherein the disorder is stable or unstable angina.
40. The method of claim 31, further comprising monitoring the activity of the LMWH composition using a coagulation assay.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the coagulation assay is activated clot time (ACT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).
42. The method of claim 31, further comprising administering protamine sulfate after the administration of the LMWH composition to neutralize some or all of the anti-Xa activity or anti-IIa activity of the LMWH composition.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein the LMWH composition is neutralized prior to CABG.
44. The method for maintaining a target ACT value by administering multiple bolus injections of the LMWH composition of any claim 1, 3, 5, 6, or 25 to a subject in need of maintaining the target ACT value.
45. A method of treating a thrombotic disorder, in a patient, comprising:
administering a LMWH composition of any of claim 1, 3, 5, 6, or 25 to the patient;
classifying the patient as not in need of surgical intervention or as a candidate for surgical intervention prior to release from the hospital; and
optionally, if the patient is classified as a candidate for surgical intervention then performing one or both of monitoring the LMWH composition and neutralizing the LMWH composition.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein the patient is classified as a candidate for surgical intervention and the method further comprises monitoring the activity of the LMWH composition at one or more, or all, of before, during and after the surgery.
47. The method of claim 45, wherein the patient is classified as a candidate for CABG and the method further comprises one or both of monitoring the activity of the LMWH composition and neutralizing some or all of the anti-Xa activity, the anti-IIa activity or both prior to CABG.
48. A method of monitoring a subject treated with a LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 or 25, comprising:
evaluating activated clotting time (ACT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in a subject who has been administered a LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 or 25.
49. A method of treating a subject who has been administered a LMWH composition of any of claims 1, 3, 5, 6 or 25, comprising:
administering protamine sulfate to the subject to neutralize some or all of the anti-Xa activity, anti-IIa activity or both of a LMWH composition in the subject.
50. A method of manufacturing a LMWH composition, comprising:
(1) subjecting an unfractionated heparin (UFH) sample, to a first a precipitation with a polar organic solvent, a polar non-organic solvent, and a salt, to provide a first supernatant;
(2) subjecting the first supernatant to a second a precipitation with a polar organic solvent, and a polar non-organic solvent, to yield a precipitate;
(3) solublizing the precipitate and cleaving the solubilized precipitate with an enzyme which cleaves at unsulfated uronic acid linkages;
(4) precipitating the cleaved preparation with a salt and a polar organic solvent to form solid having an average chain length of 8-14 dissacharides;
(5) subjecting material from the solid to a size selection step to provide a preparation with an average chain length of 9 to 16 dissacharides, to thereby make the LMWH composition.
51. A method of making a LMWH composition having an average chain length of about 9 to 16 disaccharides, comprising
providing a precursor LMWH composition having an average chain length of about 8 to 14 disaccharides; and
processing the precursor LMWH composition to obtain a LMWH having an average chain length of about 9 to 16 disaccharides.
52. A method of making a LMWH composition, comprising:
(1) subjecting an unfractionated heparin (UFH) sample to a first a precipitation with a polar organic solvent, a polar non-organic solvent, and a sodium salt, to provide a first supernatant; and
(2) subjecting the first supernatant to a second precipitation with a polar organic solvent, and a polar non-organic solvent, to yield a precipitate;
to thereby make a LMWH composition.
53. A method of evaluating or processing an unfractionated heparin (UFH) preparation to determine suitability of the UFH preparation for processing into a LMWH composition, comprising:
determining the quantity of one or more of N-acetyl and epoxide present in a UFH preparation,
comparing the quantity to a preselected criterion and making a decision about the UFH preparation based upon the whether the preselected criterion is met,
to thereby evaluate or process the UFH preparation.
54. A method of evaluating or processing an intermediate LMWH preparation to determine suitability of the intermediate preparation for processing into a LMWH composition, comprising:
comparing the quantity of one or more of sulfated iduronic acid, N-sulfated hexosamine linked to uronic acid, epoxide and 6-O sulfated hexosamine, in the intermediate LMWH preparation to the quantity of the same structural moiety in a unfractionated heparin (UFH) starting material, and
making a decision about the intermediate LMWH preparation based upon whether a preselected criterion between the starting material and intermediate LMWH preparation is met,
to thereby evaluate or process the intermediate LMWH preparation.
55. A method of evaluating or processing a LMWH preparation, comprising:
providing a LMWH composition; and
determining if a structure of Table 10A is present in a range provided in Table 10A, to thereby evaluating a LMWH preparation.
56. A method of evaluating or processing a LMWH preparation, comprising:
providing a LMWH composition; and
determining if a structure of Table 11A is present in a range provided in Table 11A, to thereby evaluating a LMWH preparation.
57. A method of evaluating a LMWH preparation, comprising:
analyzing a LMWH composition by 2D NMR; and
determining if one or more of the peaks listed in Table 11A is present in a range described in Table 11A,
to thereby evaluate the LMWH preparation.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An antireflection substance characterized by comprising an antireflection film formed on a transparent substrate, the antireflection film being composed of a multiple layer in which a first layer serving as an adhesion-improving layer, a second layer serving as a barrier layer against moisture, a third layer, a fourth layer and a fifth layer are laminated in this order, and in which said second layer and said fourth layer are each set to have a refractive index higher than that of said third layer and said fifth layer.
2. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said second layer is formed of a film that has a refractive index of 1.7 to 2.4 in a visible-light region and has a physical thickness of 10 nm to 50 nm.
3. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said second layer is formed of a film having an attenuation coefficient of 0.1 or less in the range of wavelengths 450 nm to 650 nm.
4. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said second layer is formed of silicon nitride or silicon oxidic nitride produced by a reactive physical vapor deposition process.
5. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said second layer has a moisture permeability of 0.6 gm2day or less.
6. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein the substance including said transparent substrate and said antireflection film has reflectance of 4.0% or less in the range of wavelengths 450 nm to 650 nm, light transmissivity of 90.0% or more at the central wavelength 550 nm, and also light transmissivity of 90.0% or more at the respective wavelengths 450 nm and 650 nm.
7. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said antireflection film has a surface resistance of 109 or more.
8. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said fourth layer is formed of metal oxide or metal nitride having a refractive index of 1.9 to 2.4 in a visible-light region and a physical thickness of 18 nm to 50 nm.
9. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said fourth layer is an optical film different from said second layer, and is formed of one kind of material selected among titanium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium nitride, and zirconium oxide.
10. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein the substance including said transparent substrate and said antireflection film has a moisture permeability less than 1 gm2day.
11. An antireflection substance according to claim 1, wherein said first layer serving as the adhesion-improving layer is formed of metal oxide, metal nitride or metal oxidic nitride having a physical thickness of 3 nm to 10 nm and light transmissivity of 86% to 92% in a visible-light region.
12. A display apparatus characterized by comprising an antireflection substance on the display surface, including an antireflection film composed of a multiple layer formed on a transparent substrate, in which a first layer serving as an adhesion-improving layer, a second layer serving as a barrier layer against moisture, a third layer, a fourth layer and a fifth layer are laminated in this order, and said second layer and said fourth layer are each set to have a refractive index higher than that of said third layer and said fifth layer.
13. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which said second layer is formed of a film having a refractive index of 1.7 to 2.4 in a visible-light region and a physical thickness of 10 nm to 50 nm is formed.
14. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which said second layer is formed of a film having an attenuation coefficient of 0.1 or less in the range of wavelengths 450 nm to 650 nm.
15. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which said second layer is composed of silicon nitride or silicon oxidic nitride formed by a reactive physical vapor deposition process.
16. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which said second layer has moisture permeability of 0.6 gm2day or less.
17. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which the substance including said transparent substrate and said antireflection film has reflectance of 4.0% or less in the range of wavelengths 450 nm to 650 nm, light transmissivity of 90.0% or more at the central wavelength 550 nm, and also light transmissivity of 90.0% or more at the respective wavelengths 450 nm and 650 nm.
18. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which said antireflection film has a surface resistance of 109 or more.
19. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which said fourth layer is composed of metal oxide or metal nitride having a refractive index of 1.9 to 2.4 in a visible-light region and a physical thickness of 18 nm to 50 nm.
20. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which sand fourth layer is an optical film different from said second layer and is formed of one kind of material selected among titanium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium nitride and zirconium oxide.
21. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on he display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which the substance including said transparent substrate and said antireflection film has moisture permeability less than 1 gm2day.
22. A display apparatus according to claim 12, wherein on the display surface the display apparatus includes said antireflection substance in which said first layer serving as the adhesion-improving layer is composed of metal oxide, metal nitride or metal oxidic nitride having a physical thickness of 3 nm to 10 nm and light transmissivity of 86% to 92% in a visible-light region.