1461120711-fd14427a-079a-4050-a1de-a75221ae2b88

1. A system suitable for determining bus frequency, comprising:
a bus device suitable for performing an operation; and
a processor communicatively coupled to the bus device utilizing a bus, wherein the processor is capable of starting a timer, initiating the bus device to perform a number of operations, receiving an indication that the number of operations were completed by the bus device, stopping the timer when the indication is received and computing a bus clock frequency based upon time taken to complete the number of operations as indicated by the timer and the number of operations performed by the bus device.
2. The system as described in claim 1, wherein the bus clock frequency is computed by the following, the bus clock frequency is equal to X divided by time, wherein X is equal the number of operations performed, and time is equal to time needed to perform the X number of operations.
3. The system as described in claim 1, wherein an operation takes more than one bus clock to perform, the bus clock frequency is equal to (K*X)time, wherein K is equal to the number of bus clocks needed to perform the operation, X is equal the number of operations performed, and time is equal to time needed to perform the X number of operations.
4. The system as described in claim 1, wherein the operation is a no operation (NOP).
5. The system as described in claim 1, wherein the processor is a central processing unit (CPU).
6. The system as described in claim 1, wherein the bus includes at least one of Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA), Micro Channel Architecture, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), and Peripheral Component Interconnect-X (PCI-X).
7. A method of determining bus frequency, comprising:
starting a timer by a processor;
initiating a bus device communicatively coupled to the processor over a bus, wherein the bus device is initiated to perform a number of operations;
receiving an indication by the processor, the indication suitable for indicating that the number of operations were performed by the bus device;
stopping the timer by the processor in response to the received indication; and
computing a bus clock frequency based upon time taken to complete the number of operations as indicated by the timer and the number of operations performed by the bus device.
8. The method as described in claim 7, wherein the bus clock frequency is computed by the following, the bus clock frequency is equal to X divided by time, wherein X is equal the number of operations performed, and time is equal to time needed to perform the X number of operations.
9. The method as described in claim 7, wherein an operation takes more than one bus clock to perform, the bus clock frequency is equal to (K*X)time, wherein K is equal to the number of bus clocks needed to perform the operation, X is equal the number of operations performed, and time is equal to time needed to perform the X number of operations.
10. The method as described in claim 7, wherein the operation is a no operation (NOP).
11. The method as described in claim 7, wherein the processor is a central processing unit (CPU).
12. The method as described in claim 7, wherein the bus includes at least one of Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA), Micro Channel Architecture, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), and Peripheral Component Interconnect-X (PCI-X).
13. A method of determining bus frequency, comprising:
initiating a bus device communicatively coupled to a processor over a bus, wherein the bus device is initiated to perform a number of operations;
receiving an indication by the processor, the indication suitable for indicating that the number of operations were performed by the bus device; and
computing a bus clock frequency based upon time taken to complete the number of operations performed by the bus device.
14. The method as described in claim 13, wherein the time is measured utilizing a timer accessible by the processor.
15. The method as described in claim 13, wherein the timer is included with the processor.
16. The method as described in claim 13, wherein the bus clock frequency is computed by the following, the bus clock frequency is equal to X divided by time, wherein X is equal the number of operations performed, and time is equal to time needed to perform the X number of operations.
17. The method as described in claim 13, wherein an operation takes more than one bus clock to perform, the bus clock frequency is equal to (K*X)time, wherein K is equal to the number of bus clocks needed to perform the operation, X is equal the number of operations performed, and time is equal to time needed to perform the X number of operations.
18. The method as described in claim 13, wherein the operation is a no operation (NOP).
19. The method as described in claim 13, wherein the processor is a central processing unit (CPU).
20. The method as described in claim 13, wherein the bus includes at least one of Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA), Micro Channel Architecture, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), and Peripheral Component Interconnect-X (PCI-X).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A circuit arrangement, comprising:
a memory unit operable in a low-power operating mode and in a normal-power operating mode;
a setting unit for setting the operating mode of the memory unit;
a detector unit for detecting an access operation to the memory unit;
a control unit for controlling the setting unit on the basis of the detection result from the detector unit; wherein the detector unit and the control unit are hardware components;
a processor which executes software for configuring at least one of the detector unit and the control unit;
a first bus connecting the processor and the memory unit; and
an additional processor which is connected to the setting unit via a second bus, with data interchange not being possible between the first and second buses.
2. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the detector unit is configured to detect a selection signal used to select the memory unit in the event of an access operation.
3. The circuit arrangement of claim 2, wherein the detector unit is configured to detect readwrite signals related to the access operation to the memory unit, and wherein the control unit controls the setting unit on the basis of the readwrite signals.
4. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the detector unit has an address comparator configured to compare at least portions of addresses of an access operation with at least portions of predefined addresses and, on the basis of the comparison, detect an access operation to the memory unit.
5. The circuit arrangement of claim 4, wherein the address comparator has registers storing the predefined addresses.
6. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a measuring unit configured to measure an elapsed time period between the access operation to the memory unit and a next access operation.
7. The circuit arrangement of claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to signal the setting unit to change the operating mode of the memory unit to the low-power operating mode from the normal-power operating mode in the event the elapsed time period is longer than a prescribed time period.
8. The circuit arrangement of claim 7, wherein the control unit has registers storing the prescribed time period.
9. The circuit arrangement of claim 8, wherein the prescribed time period is stored in the registers by the software which is being executed on the processor.
10. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, further comprising an interruption unit configured to interrupt the access operation to the memory unit in the event the memory unit is in the low-power operating mode at the time of the access operation.
11. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a unit for selectively activating and deactivating the control unit.
12. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the detector unit and the control unit have a supply voltage applied to them during the low-power operating mode of the memory unit.
13. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the memory unit is operable in at least two different low-power operating modes, and the control unit selects the operating mode of the memory unit from the at least two low-power operating modes and the normal-power operating mode.
14. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, further comprising:
an additional memory unit operable in a low-power operating mode and in a normal-power operating mode;
an additional setting unit for setting the operating mode of the further memory unit;
an additional detector unit for detecting an access operation to the additional memory unit; and
an additional control unit for controlling the additional setting unit on the basis of the detection result from the additional detector unit, wherein the additional detector unit and the additional control unit are hardware components.
15. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the memory unit is one of a read-only memory (ROM), static random access memory (SRAM) and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

1461120699-6c5f59e3-7a78-4d4a-950e-f20e4642f38e

What is claimed is:

1. A ski for a vehicle comprising:
an upturned leading portion;
a reinforcing member fixed to the front of the leading portion at a forward mounting portion and to the rear of the leading portion at a rear mounting portion;
wherein the reinforcing member comprises a first stopper configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the forward mounting portion.
2. The ski of claim 1 further comprising a second stopper configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the rear mounting portion.
3. The ski of claim 1 wherein the first stopper provided in the reinforcing member extends behind the forward mounting portion.
4. The ski of claim 2 wherein the second stopper provided in the reinforcing member extends behind the forward mounting portion.
5. The ski of claim 2 wherein the first and second stopper provided in the reinforcing member extends behind the forward and rear mounting portions.
6. A ski for a snowmobile comprising:
an upturned leading portion;
a reinforcing member fixed to the front of the leading portion at a forward mounting portion and to the rear of the leading portion at a rear mounting portion; and
a stopper being connected to at least one of said ski and said reinforcing member.
7. A ski of claim 6 further comprising a first stopper configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the forward mounting portion.
8. The ski of claim 7 wherein the first stopper at least partially conforms to the surface of the leading portion behind the forward mounting portion.
9. The ski of claim 6 further comprising a second stopper configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the rearward mounting portion.
10. The ski of claim 9 wherein the second stopper at least partially conforms to the surface of the leading portion behind the rearward mounting portion.
11. The ski of claim 7 further comprising a second stopper configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the rearward mounting portion.
12. The ski of claim 11 wherein the second stopper section at least partially conforms to the surface of the leading portion behind the rearward mounting portion.
13. The ski of claim 8 further comprising a second stopper section configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the rearward mounting portion.
14. The ski of claim 13 wherein the second stopper section at least partially conforms to the surface of the leading portion behind the rearward mounting portion.
15. The ski of claim 6 further comprising a first stopper portion comprising a first projection integrally formed on the leading portion behind the front mounting portion, a second projection extending from the rearmost portion of the front end of the reinforcing member, the first and second projections arranged to contact each other at least when the upturned leading portion flexes.
16. The ski of claim 6 further comprising a first projection integrally formed on the leading portion behind the rear mounting portion, a second projection extending from the back end of the reinforcing member, the first and second projections arranged to contact each other at least when the upturned leading portion flexes.
17. The ski of claim 14 further comprising a second stopper portion comprising a third projection integrally formed on said leading portion behind the rear mounting portion, a fourth projection extending from the back end of the reinforcing member, the third and fourth projections arranged to contact each other at least when the upturned leading portion flexes.
18. The ski of claim 6 further comprising a first stopper portion configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the forward mounting portion, a first projection integrally formed on the leading portion behind the front mounting portion, a second projection extending from the rearmost portion of the front end of the reinforcing member, the first and second projections arranged to contact each other at least when the upturned leading portion flexes.
19. The ski of claim 6 further comprising a first stopper portion configured to partially conform to the surface of said leading portion in front of the rear mounting portion, and a second stopper portion comprising a first projection integrally formed on the leading portion behind the rear mounting portion, a second projection extending from the back end of the reinforcing member, the first and second projections arranged to contact each other at least when the upturned leading portion flexes.
20. The ski of claim 18 further comprising a third stopper portion configured to partially conform to the surface of said leading portion in front of the rear mounting portion, and a fourth stopper portion comprising a first projection integrally formed on said leading portion behind the rear mounting portion, a second projection extending from the back end of the reinforcing member, the first and second projections arranged to contact each other at least when the upturned leading portion flexes.
21. A snowmobile comprising a body, a pair of skis disposed generally below a forward portion of said body, a drive arrangement disposed generally below a rearward portion of said body, said snowmobile sliding on said pair of skis and said snowmobile being powered in at least a forward direction by said drive arrangement, at least one of said skis comprising an upturned leading portion, a reinforcing member fixed to the front of the leading portion at a forward mounting portion and to the rear of the leading portion at a rear mounting portion, and a stopper.
22. The snowmobile of claim 21 further comprising a first stopper configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of and behind the forward mounting portion.
23. The snowmobile of claim 21 further comprising a first stopper portion configured to partially conform to the surface of the leading portion in front of the forward mounting portion, a first projection integrally formed on the leading portion behind the front mounting portion, a second projection extending from the rearmost portion of the front end of the reinforcing member, the first and second projections arranged to contact each other at least when the upturned leading portion flexes.
24. A snowmobile ski comprising a ski body, said ski body comprising a sole and an upturned forward portion, a reinforcing member connected at a forward end of said forward portion and at a second portion of said ski, said ski further comprising means for limiting relative movement between said forward portion and said ski body.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An isolated polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18,
b) a polypeptide comprising a naturally occurring amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18,
c) a biologically active fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18, and
d) an immunogenic fragment of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
2. An isolated polypeptide of claim 1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
3. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of claim 1.
4. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of claim 2.
5. An isolated polynucleotide of claim 4 comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36.
6. A recombinant polynucleotide comprising a promoter sequence operably linked to a polynucleotide of claim 3.
7. A cell transformed with a recombinant polynucleotide of claim 6.
8. (canceled)
9. A method of producing a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising:
a) culturing a cell under conditions suitable for expression of the polypeptide, wherein said cell is transformed with a recombinant polynucleotide, and said recombinant polynucleotide comprises a promoter sequence operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of claim 1, and
b) recovering the polypeptide so expressed.
10. A method of claim 9, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
11. An isolated antibody which specifically binds to a polypeptide of claim 1.
12. An isolated polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of:
a) a polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36,
b) a polynucleotide comprising a naturally occurring polynucleotide sequence at least 90% identical to a polynucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:19-36,
c) a polynucleotide complementary to a polynucleotide of a),
d) a polynucleotide complementary to a polynucleotide of b), and
e) an RNA equivalent of a)-d).
13. (canceled)
14. A method of detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide of claim 12, the method comprising:
a) hybridizing the sample with a probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides comprising a sequence complementary to said target polynucleotide in the sample, and which probe specifically hybridizes to said target polynucleotide, under conditions whereby a hybridization complex is formed between said probe and said target polynucleotide or fragments thereof, and
b) detecting the presence or absence of said hybridization complex, and, optionally, if present, the amount thereof.
15. (canceled)
16. A method of detecting a target polynucleotide in a sample, said target polynucleotide having a sequence of a polynucleotide of claim 12, the method comprising:
a) amplifying said target polynucleotide or fragment thereof using polymerase chain reaction amplification, and
b) detecting the presence or absence of said amplified target polynucleotide or fragment thereof, and, optionally, if present, the amount thereof.
17. A composition comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
18. A composition of claim 17, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1-18.
19. (canceled)
20. A method of screening a compound for effectiveness as an agonist of a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising:
a) exposing a sample comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 to a compound, and
b) detecting agonist activity in the sample.
21-22. (canceled)
23. A method of screening a compound for effectiveness as an antagonist of a polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising:
a) exposing a sample comprising a polypeptide of claim 1 to a compound, and
b) detecting antagonist activity in the sample.
24-25. (canceled)
26. A method of screening for a compound that specifically binds to the polypeptide of claim 1, the method comprising:
a) combining the polypeptide of claim 1 with at least one test compound under suitable conditions, and
b) detecting binding of the polypeptide of claim 1 to the test compound, thereby identifying a compound that specifically binds to the polypeptide of claim 1.
27. (canceled)
28. A method of screening a compound for effectiveness in altering expression of a target polynucleotide, wherein said target polynucleotide comprises a sequence of claim 5, the method comprising:
a) exposing a sample comprising the target polynucleotide to a compound, under conditions suitable for the expression of the target polynucleotide,
b) detecting altered expression of the target polynucleotide, and
c) comparing the expression of the target polynucleotide in the presence of varying amounts of the compound and in the absence of the compound.
29. A method of assessing toxicity of a test compound, the method comprising:
a) treating a biological sample containing nucleic acids with the test compound,
b) hybridizing the nucleic acids of the treated biological sample with a probe comprising at least 20 contiguous nucleotides of a polynucleotide of claim 12 under conditions whereby a specific hybridization complex is formed between said probe and a target polynucleotide in the biological sample, said target polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide of claim 12 or fragment thereof,
c) quantifying the amount of hybridization complex, and
d) comparing the amount of hybridization complex in the treated biological sample with the amount of hybridization complex in an untreated biological sample, wherein a difference in the amount of hybridization complex in the treated biological sample is indicative of toxicity of the test compound.
30-91. (canceled)